Border areas are important national security buffer zones and vulnerable areas under the influence of multiple power spaces. Scientifically summarizing the development process of border research will help clarify the context of border research and provide scientific support for realizing a stable border with security and sustainable development. This study was based on data of academic publications on border research in the fields of human geography in China from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WoS). With the help of the scientific knowledge map method, the basic characteristics of China's border research process, trends, and hotspots since 1990 were analyzed. The study found that China's border research has experienced an "open exploration-social construction-strategic guidance" development process. The research hotspots have gradually shifted from the northeast to the southwest, and "border trade", "border tourism", "border port", and "Belt and Road" are the four main keyword clusters. The main contents of border research include border trade and development and opening-up, border tourism resource development, social construction and harmonious development, border ports and urban functions, as well as geographical environment and border security. At present, China's border research is still insufficient in terms of exploring the patterns and quantitative analysis. On the basis of constructing a framework of border geographic research integrating multi-subjects, multi-elements, and multi-scales, we propose to strengthen the research on border risk and security, cross-border cooperation mechanism, "border effect" theory, and sustainable border development, which may provide a support for China's border security and modern governance.

Maps are the basic language of geography and an indispensable tool for spatial analysis. But maps have long been seen as an objective, neutral scientific product. Inspired by critical geography, critical cartography/GIS emerged with the goal of elucidating the nature of discourse, power relations, and even the physical environment embedded in cartographic practice and challenging the untested but taken for granted assumptions in cartographic representation. After nearly 40 years of debates, this field of research has been gradually defined, and a blueprint of "hybrid geographies" has gradually emerged. Through the combination of various geographical methodologies, critical cartography/GIS has generally formed two research directions. The deconstruction approaches mainly start from the identity of cartographers and the production process of map knowledge, and analyze the inseparable relationship between "cartographicality" and national governance as well as the inherent mechanism of power. The construction approaches mainly explore the new production and representation of maps by means of collaborative mapping and counter-mapping. The research of critical cartography/GIS in China has just started, so it is necessary to continue to draw on the achievements of critical geography to carry out the deconstruction research of different types of maps in different historical periods, strengthen the convergence of construction path and deconstruction path, and actively participate in the social applications of research results.

Constructing a vibrant urban space by optimizing urban built environment is a significant measure to shape and develop urban vitality. However, the nonlinear and threshold effects of variables on urban dynamics are often overlooked in most existing studies. In this study, we used the Wuhan metropolitan area at the weekend as a case to quantify the spatiotemporal pattern of urban vitality with population heat data in 2019. We investigated the nonlinear influence of urban built environment on urban vitality and extracted the optimal thresholds for key variables with the gradient boosting decision tree-Shapley additive explanations (GBDT-SHAP) model. The results indicate that: 1) The distribution of urban vitality showed distinct spatiotemporal and functional heterogeneity in the Wuhan metropolitan area. Spatially, urban vitality showed an overall characteristic of high in the center and low at the periphery; temporally, it gradually increased from 7:00 a.m. and peaked in the afternoon and evening; functionally, urban vitality was higher in areas with better infrastructure facilities and near large shopping centers, and lower in industrial areas. 2) The built environment in the Wuhan metropolitan area significantly affected the intensity of urban vitality, and its nonlinear influences and threshold effects were significant: the impact threshold for large shopping centers was roughly 3000-4000 m; the impact of subway on urban vitality was mainly in the intra-city area and the subway stations served the areas within 1500 m; the point of interest (POI) mix above 0.4 inhibited urban vitality. The SHAP values compensated for the shortcomings of traditional multivariate linear models in terms of interpretability. 3) The three variables of distance to central business district (CBD), distance to subway stations, and sky openness and business type have time-varied effects, and the importance of their impacts on urban vitality changes over time. Implementing the transit-oriented development (TOD) concept and improving the connection of metro traffic with large shopping areas are effective measures to enhance the vitality of the city. Setting up outdoor open space promotes residents’ morning exercise and social activities. Adding small dining and recreational spaces is also a measure to enhance vitality. These nonlinear effects and thresholds help planners make better decisions.

One of the basic topics in population geography is how the population distributes and changes on terrain gradients. With the improvement of data accuracy and quality, it is feasible to conduct macroscopic analysis for this question based on kilometer grid cells. This study analyzed the distribution and change characteristics of China's population on the gradients of elevation, ruggedness, and slope from 2000 to 2020, using methods of frequency distribution statistics, based on 1-km grid statistical cells, and using spatial demographic datasets (WorldPop) and digital elevation model datasets (SRTMGL1). The effects of different digital elevation model datasets (including ASTER GDEM and SRTMGL1) and spatial demographic datasets (including WorldPop, LandScan, and GPW) on the results were also compared and the differences between the 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data were further explored with SRTMGL1 and WorldPop. The results show that: 1) The population increasingly tends to be distributed at the lower position of terrain gradients. The half-balance points of the population distribution on elevation, ruggedness, and slope gradients were 95.6 m, 50.7 m, and 3.01° respectively in 2000, and decreased to 77.0 m, 46.8 m, and 2.88° in 2020. 2) Dominant area of population distribution relative to land area has been stably located at a lower position of terrain gradients. The upper boundary of the dominant part of the population over terrain (MU) is stably located at the elevation of 520 m, the ruggedness of 137 m, and the slope of 6.84°, respectively, and the population dominance rate rose from 0.511, 0.248, and 0.217 in 2000 to 0.522, 0.274, and 0.255 in 2020, respectively. 3) Different spatial demographic datasets have no effect on the distribution and change pattern of population on terrain gradients, while DEM datasets have significant effects on the ruggedness gradient and slope gradient distribution of population. There is no difference between 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data for this study, and the 1-km grid dataset is recommended for the study of population distribution at the national scale and above. This study provides a new basic reference for understanding of the relationship between population distribution and terrain in China at the kilometer grid scale.

With the advent of the post-industrial era, a "green turn" has gradually become the basic principle of global urban renewal. However, green initiatives and practices in urban renewal often focus on environmental sustainability, neglecting the green gentrification that can be triggered at the social level. In the context of urban renewal in China, urban greening practices have emerged with many representations similar to the phenomenon of green gentrification, but this has not attracted the attention of scholars in China. This study adopted a qualitative research method to investigate the effects and mechanisms of green gentrification in the context of urban renewal, taking the greening practices of urban agricultural parks as an example. The study found that: 1) In the context of urban renewal, urban greening practices imply a logic of gentrification in action, and the postmodern aesthetic and experiential landscape it creates becomes a place representation of green gentrification. 2) Greening practices oriented to serve the urban elite have triggered landscape segregation and stratification, but under the guarantee of the Chinese land tenure and management system, the indigenous people are not displaced but receive dividends from the recapitalization of the land. 3) The government, village collectives and residents, and developers have formed green growth alliances to meet their political and economic demands for the purposes of urban governance, land rents, and economic interests, respectively, eventually forming a government-led green gentrification operation mechanism. This study empirically analyzed green gentrification, which originated in western societies, in the institutional and social contexts of China, expanding the connotation and explanatory validity of green gentrification in the context of multiple geographies, and providing new theoretical perspectives and practical insights for understanding the change of human-land relationship in the context of urban renewal in China.

At present, the academic community has not yet to reach a consensus on the definition of the ecological shelters (ES) concept. Due to the lack of theoretical guidance, the scientific application and mechanisms of ES construction is lacking. Therefore, this study systematically clarified the meaning, identification system, and construction practice of ES, summarized the history and challenges of ES construction, and postulated countermeasures and suggestions for improvement. We demonstrated that ES has the dual connotation of region and function, which is manifested as specific spatial location, ecosystem structure, ecological process, and protection object. It is a compound system of ecology, economy, and society and possesses the basic characteristics of attributes related to public goods. In the construction of ES, it is necessary to scientifically identify the ES and its scope according to its geographical location, dominant function, ecological stress, and varying scales. Moreover, the natural attributes and ecosystem function should be respected and cross-regional cooperation should be encouraged. Finally, a systematic management system for ES construction should be established to coordinate its construction with economic and social development.

As China's urbanization development enters the middle and late stages, the suburbs have become one of the essential residential places. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically examine the context and research prospect of suburbanization in China under the new-type urbanization. In this study, the CiteSpace 5.8 software was used to analyze the co-occurrence network of keywords and detect emergent words in the core journals and CSSCI and the literature on suburbanization in master's theses and doctoral dissertations of CNKI, and to explore the overall characteristics of suburbanization research. This article systematically reviewed the hotspots and frontiers of suburbanization research and its evolution from 1983 to the present. The results show that the study of suburbanization in China was in the initial stage before 1996. With the rapid development of urbanization, the suburbanization studies in China entered the active stage from 1996 to 2015. However, the related studies have been gradually weakened since 2015. The research hotspots of suburbanization in China mainly include suburbanization and urbanization, population distribution and mobility of suburbanization, dynamic mechanism of suburbanization, and the specific study of case areas. It conforms to the process of "learning from others - understanding the phenomenon - exploring the essence - practical application". In the future, it is necessary to re-examine the connotation of suburbanization and the relationship between suburbanization and urban space reconstruction. More attention should be paid to the suburbanization of different demographic groups. Research on the suburbanization processes in the inland areas, including the central, western, and northeastern areas, are also essential. In addition, the analysis of the sustainable development of suburbanization and soft safeguarding measures needs to be highlighted.

Since the rise of geomedia in recent years, the previous boundaries between production and consumption, and between technical object and symbolic representation in urban public space and everyday life space are increasingly blurred, leading to the need for theoretical innovation in terms of the "virtual/physical" dualism in geography. The development of geographies of media and communication, which is the outcome of the "spatial turn" of media research and the "communication turn" of geography, contains the potential to break through the dualism. This article reviewed the core concepts, main issues, and research framework of geographies of media and communication in order to promote the academic dialogue between Chinese scholars in geography and media and communication studies, as well as to expand the research field of Chinese human geography. First, geographies of media and communication in Western geography was founded on the dynamic relational notions of media and space that were deeply influenced by postmodernism and posthumanism thoughts, including core concepts such as texture, mobility, materiality, and embodiment. Second, existing studies mainly focus on the spatiality of digital media and posthumanism media, the hybrid space politics dominated by digital media representation and algorithmic logic, as well as the hybrid space experience brought by mobile media. Finally, this article referred to the "thirdspace" as a potential direction for geographies of media and communication to surpass the previous dualism, and materiality and embodiment serve as the ontological bridge between media and space.

With the acceleration of population aging in China, the scale of the elderly migration is gradually increasing. Elderly migration might exert a significant impact on personal well-being, regional age structure, and the development of the society and economy. However, academic and policy studies focusing on this phenomenon are few. This article reviewed the relevant literature from three aspects of elderly migration: spatial pattern, the decision-making mechanism, and impact. The study revealed that: 1) In terms of spatial pattern, four main types are identified—long-distance migration to small cities, long-distance migration to big cities, short-distance migration to the suburban areas, and short-distance migration to central urban districts. Different countries show different characteristics. 2) In terms of the decision-making mechanism, elderly migration is driven by the needs of economic support, health care, comfort, and sense of belonging, while personal physiological, economic, and social factors affect the ability to migrate. 3) In terms of impact, elderly migration exerts influence on individual physical and mental health, social integration, regional economic and social development. Future study needs to consolidate abundant research data and methods, construct an effective theoretical framework, thus provide a scientific basis for the implementation of population aging strategy and the construction of an age-friendly city.

Production of space systematically integrates Marxism and spatial theories into a materialistic system with both dialectical and historical thinking, opening up a new horizon for interpreting and analyzing spatial practice processes. Using the CiteSpace bibliometric method and based on publications in China and in the field of production of space, combined with in-depth reading of typical literature, this study examined the progress of the application of the theory of production of space in the field of urbanization research in China, and summarized the overview, highlights, and shortcomings of research. The results indicate that: 1) The rapid development of urbanization in China and the expansion of the dissemination and influence of the Western theory on the production of space have jointly promoted the relevant research in China, which is characterized by diverse objects, broad themes, flexible perspectives, and a combination of practical interpretation and problematic criticism, focusing on the correspondence between foreign theories and local practices. 2) The generalization of spatial patterns of urbanization and the critique of urbanization effects are the two key points of the application of the production of space theory. The former is to apply production of space to sort out diverse and specific localization practices, while the latter is the revelation of contradictions in specific spatial production practices based on human-centered values. There still exist several shortcomings: 1) The lack of attention to the richness of historical practice and the special focus on the logic of capital have led to the suspicion of economic determinism and relatively neglected other important areas such as everyday life. 2) Insufficient attention to the localization of historical practices and the biased dogmatic appropriation of Western theories has limited the growth of critical theoretical innovation. 3) Insufficient attention has been paid to the need to guide practice, and the value of Marxism for guiding practice is still limited. 4) From the standpoint of historical materialism, the outlook of theory application was proposed in the light of the specific trends and needs of high-quality development of urbanization in China, that is, from productive space analysis to living space concern, from spatial problem analysis to the construction of a Chinese system of theories, and from the interpretation of spatial theory to the guidance of spatial practice.

Regional economic integration has become a necessary path to promote regional high-quality development in China, but relevant studies from the perspective of private enterprise investment are rare. Using statistical analysis and social network analysis methods, we analyzed the process of regional economic integration through the evolution of private enterprise investment network in the Lanzhou-Xining (Lan-Xi) urban agglomeration from 2013 to 2021, and explored the mechanism of change. The study showed that: 1) The Lan-Xi urban agglomeration was in the middle and late stage of industrialization, but the private enterprise investment network still showed an obvious inter-provincial "dual-core separation" structure, with a relatively high level of integration in Qinghai Province, and there were large differences in the inter-provincial investment behavior of different industries within the urban agglomeration. 2) The formation of the dual-core separation structure of the private enterprise investment network was mainly influenced by the current development stage of the region, and the provincial capital cities played a dominant role in this polarization, leading to extremely weak inter-provincial investment ties. 3) The administrative region economy and institutional thickness exerted a deterrent effect on the inter-provincial investment of private enterprises through external environment and internal decision making, respectively. Based on the above conclusions, starting from the low level of regional economic integration in the Lan-Xi Urban Agglomeration, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations to promote the formation of inter-provincial complementary regional economic layout with the goal of high-quality development.

As an important measure to improve the institutions and mechanisms for coordinated regional development, the new urbanization is of great significance for reversing the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas and between different regions, and promoting high-quality economic development. Taking Sichuan Province as the research object and adopting the spatial autocorrelation analysis method, the spatial econometric model, and the threshold panel model, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal change of the new urbanization and urban-rural income gap, discussed the relationship between them, and verified other influencing factors of urban-rural income gap. The conclusions are as follows: 1) In 2009-2019, the level of new urbanization was rising year by year, and annual urban-rural income gap were continuously narrowing. Urban-rural income gap in each year showed significant spatial autocorrelation, with the low value areas concentrated in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic corridor, and the high value areas concentrated in western Sichuan and the Qinba Mountains area in the northeast. 2) The new urbanization had a nonlinear impact on urban-rural income gap, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship, the main reason of which was that the new urbanization and agricultural modernization were not coordinated and synchronized. Only when the level of agricultural modernization crossed the threshold, would the new urbanization curb the widening of urban-rural income gap. 3) Degree of regional economic imbalance, scientific and technological innovation, and human capital level were also significant factors that affect urban-rural income gap. The research results may provide theoretical support to steadily promote new urbanization and to narrow the urban-rural income gap effectively.

In the context of a new technological revolution and the rise of public health awareness, wearable technology has experienced rapid development and widespread adoption, deeply integrating into the practice of urban resident leisure-time physical activities. However, the current theoretical exploration on the spatiotemporal effects and mechanism of residents' activities lags far behind the actual development needs. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this study focused on the comprehensive and systematic theoretical research of geography. The initial step of this study involved a quantitative analysis of the literature using the CiteSpace 5.7 software, providing insights into the general research trend and direction in the field. Then, the study summarized the changes in urban resident leisure-time physical activities under the influence of wearable technology from three perspectives: digital decision making, new spatiotemporal characteristics, and diversified experiences. The research implications underscore the need to deepen the understanding of the decision-making mechanism of resident leisure-time physical activity, strengthen the analysis of complex spatiotemporal rules of leisure-time physical activity, and emphasize research on satisfaction with leisure-time physical activity experiences in multiple situations. Furthermore, the article proposed a research framework for urban resident leisure-time physical activity under the influence of wearable technology. It stressed the importance of the crossover and integration of multidisciplinary theories, with a call to enrich analyses across five dimensions: research subject, technology, activity, space, and time. Additionally, the article argued for innovating research methods, expanding research content, and strengthening the application of health-oriented spatial planning practices. This comprehensive approach may enhance the understanding of the dynamic relationship between wearable technology, urban spaces, and resident leisure-time physical activities, and provide valuable references for urban spatial planning practices guided by residents' activity needs in the digital health era.

Educational tourism is one of the new tourism models in China. For traditional ancient villages, the development of educational tourism is of great significance to innovate and enrich the tourism model, promote the transformation and upgrading of tourism products, and build a people-oriented educational tourism supply system. Taking Xidi and Hongcun—typical ancient villages in southern Anhui Province and World Heritage Sites and national 5A scenic spots—as the study sites and educational tourism tourists (mainly primary and middle school students) as respondents, and based on 547 samples of questionnaire data, this study constructed a structural equation model of the influencing factors of educational tourism tourist satisfaction from the perspective of tourist experience, and conducted a cross-sample stability test of the model. The results show that: 1) The factors that influence the tourist satisfaction on study travel to traditional ancient villages include cultural cognition, emotional experience, aesthetic experience, and learning cognition. Among these factors, tourists have the deepest perception of learning cognition (4.026), followed by aesthetic experience (4.033), cultural cognition (3.884), and emotional experience (3.801). 2) The results of the structural equation model show that cultural cognition, emotional experience, aesthetic experience, and learning cognition of educational tourism tourists in Xidi and Hongcun all have a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of these tourists. In terms of the magnitude of path coefficient, cultural cognition is the primary factor affecting the satisfaction of educational tourism tourists, with a path coefficient of 0.510; emotional experience is the second most influential factor, with a path coefficient of 0.340; aesthetic experience and learning cognition rank third and fourth, with path coefficients of 0.224 and 0.212 respectively. 3) The model has good cross-sample stability. Three nested models were obtained by gradually adding parameter constraints to the benchmark model, and the results show that the chi-square increment and fitting index are generally good, which further supports the research hypothesis. The research results can provide decision-making reference for the scientific development of educational tourism products in Xidi and Hongcun and the high-quality development of educational tourism industry in traditional ancient villages.

High tide flooding (HTF)—a kind of minor coastal flooding that usually occurs near the high tide level, becomes more frequent under climate change. It has a certain impact on the coastal socioeconomic system and natural environment, and is a hot issue in low-lying coastal cities. This article examined the definition of HTF, and systematically summarized the main progress of HTF research in terms of its drivers, impacts, risk assessment, and frequency forecasting. In the future, it is recommended to strengthen the research on the drivers, risk assessment, and forecast of HTF frequency. These include extensive monitoring of HTF, quantifying the role of interactions between factors leading to HTF, comprehensively assessing HTF risk, and accurately predicting HTF frequency. All these works will finally contribute to the disaster prevention and mitigation of HTF in coastal cities.

Urban-rural economic circulation is an important part of the macro economic circulation in China. Optimizing urban-rural economic circulation is a fundamental project for building a new development pattern. This study analyzed the connotation of urban-rural economic circulation from four dimensions: supply and demand relationship, industrial linkage, factor flow, and circulation carrier, and constructed an evaluation index system, taking 2010-2020 as the study period and the Jianghan Plain as the case study area. It comprehensively applied the entropy weighting method and the obstacle degree model to reveal the characteristics of change of the spatiotemporal pattern of urban-rural economic circulation in the study area, and explored the path of its optimization. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the level of urban-rural economic circulation in the Jianghan Plain region was low but continued to grow unevenly. The composite and sub-dimensional indices (supply and demand relationship, industrial linkage, factor flow, and circulation carrier) of urban-rural economic circulation grew from 0.2164, 0.0616, 0.0534, 0.0641, and 0.0373 to 0.4095, 0.1308, 0.0850, 0.0990, and 0.0947, with an average annual growth rate of 8.92%, 11.24%, 5.93%, 5.45%, and 15.35%, respectively. 2) During the same period, the urban-rural economic circulation in the study area generally showed a low level of aggregation, regional differences increased slightly, and the spatial coefficient of variation increased from 0.2055 to 0.2126. The high-value areas of supply and demand relationship and circulation carrier index of the urban-rural economic circulation gradually aggregated to the main transportation arteries and the urban areas along the routes, and the spatial coefficient of variation decreased from 0.3166 and 0.5665 to 0.2636 and 0.4705, but the industrial linkage and factor flow spatial distribution characteristics were not as distinct. 3) The obstacle degree of urban-rural economic circulation in the study area showed a decreasing trend year by year, and the sub-dimension obstacle degree ranked as industrial linkage (28.20%) > circulation carrier (27.89%) > factor flow (23.98%) > supply and demand relationship (19.93%), and the top four indicator obstacle degree ranked as night-light index (11.23%) > proportion of built-up area (10.79%) > output value of agricultural services (10.65%) > loan balance of financial institutions per unit of GDP (9.82%). 4) The optimization of the urban-rural economic circulation in the Jianghan Plain region can be divided into three types and six sub-districts, including single obstacle type, double obstacle type, and triple obstacle type, and according to the different types of obstacles in each district, the appropriate development strategies for the optimization of the urban-rural economic circulation were proposed respectively. The results of this study can provide some theoretical guidance and practical inspiration for the development of urban-rural economic circulation in the new era.

Administrative division is the basic supporting unit for a country to carry out local governance. The adjustment of administrative divisions is related to the grassroots social governance system and capacity building, and constitutes a part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, which has a long-term impact on economic development and regional governance. This article systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature on China's administrative division research in the past 30 years, and summarized the development status of China's administrative division research from the aspects of history, type of models, effectiveness evaluation, influencing factors, and comparison within China and internationally. The research found that the setting of administrative divisions serves the national development strategy, and the research is closely related to national policies. The promulgation and implementation of relevant policies stimulate the research of administrative divisions, and vice versa. The study of administrative division has a strong historical continuity and spans multiple disciplines. Drawing on the useful experience of developed countries, it also has very strong local characteristics. In the process of integration of administrative divisions into national governance system and governance modernization, scientific and practical research on the setting and adjustment of administrative divisions should be strengthened. We should give full play to the advantages of multiple disciplines, strengthen the theoretical and methodological research on the setting and adjustment of administrative divisions, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of national spatial governance.

The transformation and development of urban waterfront space is the key way to promote the optimization of urban space and the adjustment of industrial structure, which has become the main part of the current international urban renewal and redevelopment efforts, and a large number of relevant studies have emerged. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the existing studies. Taking the relevant publications in the Web of Science and Science Direct databases from 1988 to 2020 as the analysis object, this study systematically examined the research results of the transformation and development of urban waterfront space abroad, summarized and analyzed the research contents and main conclusions from the aspects of the transformation process, mode, motivation and mechanism, and effect. The results show that international studies on the transformation and development of waterfront space mostly used qualitative methods to carry out descriptive analysis of cases, the research themes have shifted from paying attention to practical needs to exploring underlying academic issues and gradually diversified, and the research perspective increasingly emphasizes humanism and the concept of equality. Finally, considering the international research experience and domestic reality, this study proposed that in the future, China should change the research perspective and research object, pay attention to the comparative study of multiple cases in different regions, reveal the transformation process of urban waterfront space, simulate the transformation mechanism of urban waterfront space, and comprehensively evaluate the transformation effect of urban waterfront space, so as to optimize and improve the research system of urban waterfront space in China.

Hydrological models are an important scientific tool for understanding the basic theory of hydrology disciplines, analyzing hydrological processes, and studying hydrological cycle mechanisms. The uncertainty analysis of simulation results is a prerequisite for improving the reliability of a model and for conducting an effective hydrological regime forecast. Parameter uncertainty is one of the important factors that affect the uncertainty of simulation results from hydrological models, and the analysis of model parameter uncertainty and its impact factors has important practical significance for hydrological forecasting. The current parameter uncertainty analysis methods can be roughly divided into three categories: parameter sensitivity analysis, parameter optimization, and parameter regionalization method that consider the parameter estimation in ungauged catchments. This?article reviewed the current development of technique and operation status of parameter sensitivity analysis for hydrological models, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different analysis methods. We also identified the potential development direction of future research on the method of uncertainty analysis of hydrological models, that is, to strengthen the study of the systematic method of uncertainty analysis for hydrological models with the help of multidisciplinary theories and technical methods.

Multi-hazard risk assessment is the basis for formulating integrated risk governance strategies. Through examining the risk assessment practices in China and internationally, this study selected five authoritative global risk assessment reports, including the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, Global Climate Risk Index, The Index for Risk Management Report, World Risk Report, and World Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk, to compare their objectives, contents, models, and results of assessment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The five risk assessment reports have different focuses in terms of objectives, and four of them regularly publish new reports to analyze the dynamic process of change that facilitates the identification of risks through continuous risk assessment. 2) The methods characterized by the synthesis of risk elements is easy to apply, but it is necessary to further improve the applicability of indicators and adopt more intuitive and practical risk representation methods. 3) The Belt and Road initiative countries have slightly higher risk levels than the global average. In the future, we need to deepen the research on the integrated risk assessment method of multi-hazards, strengthen the practice of natural disaster risk assessment in China, and explore the disaster risk management system of regional linkages. 4) On the whole, the five risk assessment reports all have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the future, we can combine the concepts of "multi-hazard additive losses" and "disaster chain losses" to enrich the models and methods, indicator system, and result representation of integrated risk assessment.

In the process of rapid urbanization, regional human-environment relationships in rural areas have become increasingly complex, and these areas are facing the challenge of integrating limited resources to realize industrial transformation and development. From the perspective of the factor-structure-function transformation of the rural territorial system, this study elucidated the conceptual connotation and driving force of rural industrial restructuring. On this basis, it classified the typical patterns of rural industrial restructuring according to the development direction of the dominant industries, with a specific focus on Guangxi. The study then proceeded to construct the guarantee mechanism for rural industrial restructuring. The following four main conclusions were reached: 1) Rural industrial restructuring can be comprehended as the process of optimizing spatial layout, extending the industrial chain, and enhancing the industrial system through industrial cultivation, adjustment, upgrading, and transformation. This process is grounded in the integration of the basic factors of industrial development—such as labor, land, and capital—in the context of local development conditions and external market environment. Rural industrial restructuring is characterized by the diversification of subjects and business forms, aiming to achieve both the benign and balanced development of rural industries internally and the value output externally. 2) In the practice of industrial restructuring, external driving forces and endogenous development forces of the rural territorial system interact with each other to jointly promote the coupling and coordination of various factors related to industrial development. 3) Rural industrial restructuring comprises five typical patterns, including the specialization of agricultural production, the industrialization of traditional culture, the tourism-driven development, the agglomeration of manufacturing, and service-oriented commerce and logistics. 4) In terms of policy, emphasis should be placed on guiding the concentration of key factors of production in rural areas by breaking down institutional barriers; building modern rural industrial systems by optimizing the industrial structure and improving the industrial layout; and improving the benefit linkage mechanism by adhering to the principle that the central position of farmers should not be compromised. Through a comprehensive approach, an institutional arrangement can be made for promoting rural industrial restructuring and facilitating the revitalization of rural industries.

Territory is the key concept in political geography, and territorial trap is one of the most classical theories in political geography. This article systematically reviewed the literature on territorial traps, summarized the origin, development, and research progress of the territorial trap theory, and discussed its significance in Chinese political geographical studies. The theory of territorial trap proposed by Agnew is based on three geographical assumptions: the "trinity" of territory-state-sovereignty, the "dichotomy" of domestic-foreign, and the state as a social container. The territorial trap theory refutes the existing state-centric view of territory and emphasizes various effective forms of sovereignty besides the state's territory, such as extraterritorial sovereignty, graduated sovereignty, and social sovereignty. The extensive application of the territorial trap theory reflects its strong explanatory power in global governance, non-traditional security, cross-border migration control, cross-border resource protection, cross-border water politics, and so forth. This article argued that territorial issues should be understood from the complex interaction between territorial control and effective sovereignty and the perspectives from the center and periphery, and be examined by combining rationality and historical emotion. It has important implications for China to effectively resolve territorial issues, promote the realization of the Belt and Road Initiative, and establish the "community with a shared future for mankind".

Suburban villages with superior ecological endowments can often realize rural development by virtue of landscape resources and spillover effect of big cities. But due to the rapid urbanization and urban "siphon effect", suburban villages often experience hollow problems such as labor emigration and industrial decay. Taking Yangjiamen, a traditional village in the Songshan Scenic Area, as a case study site, and based on the actor network theory, this study analyzed the process and mechanism of rural transformation by means of semi-structured interviews and participatory observation, and examined how endogenous impetus promoted rural revitalization. The results show that the case study village went through three stages of development: rural resources concentrated in the hands of rural sages, diversified industrial development feeding back to rural residents, and government-led enterprise-resident participation in diversified development, and experienced the change of rural sage→government-led→diversified governance of social networks. The dynamic mechanism changed from endogenous forces to endogenous development forces combined with external forces. This process has promoted the transformation and development of rural population, land, industry, and society, and realized the revitalization of talents, industries, organizations, culture, and ecology. This study provides some theoretical reference and practical guidance for rural revitalization in suburban hollow villages with superior ecological resource endowments.

Music geography is an interdisciplinary subject between geography, musicology, culture studies, and other disciplines. Compared with the well-established music geography in Western countries, music geography in China is still in the embryonic phase. This study attempted to provide a literature review for the progress of music geography research outside China by having a close look at its origin, development paths, essential debates, frameworks, and approaches, based on an in-depth bibliometric analysis. First, this study found that international research on music geography has extended its scope from the perspective of cultural geography to an interdisciplinary discourse and received great attention from economic geography, political geography, and urban geography. Second, the core themes of international music geography research can be generally classified into five branches: music regions and cultural diffusion, industrial clusters and networks, temporal-spatial phenomena and influences of music performance, music-based identity and cultural politics, and music geography as a special urban soundscape. In terms of theories and approaches, international music geography research can be divided into four main branches: cultural geography, geopolitics, economic geography, and urban geography, which are respectively influenced by the non-representational theory of new cultural geography, popular geopolitics and the relational turn of economic geography, and other important trends. Lastly, this article proposed that there is a great necessity to pay more attention to music research by Chinese geographers as it serves as an ideal case and instrument to inquire into geographical issues such as local identity, authenticity, and sense of place, local-global connections, creative production networks, temporary projects, urban planning, and social well-being.

Against the background of the current high degree of urban-rural spatial reconfiguration, the new constructed characteristics of happiness and its urban-rural heterogeneity of humans, which are the actors and ultimate target of development, are of great significance to the balanced and effective enhancement of the dividends of happiness in China's urban-rural development. This research introduced capital as a tool into the study of happiness in human geography, and used data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to design an analytical framework for the construction of happiness by multidimensional capital from the three dimensions of economy, culture, and society. The Probit regression model was used to empirically analyze and explore the constructed characteristics of happiness and its urban-rural differences in the context of high mobility in 2018 from the perspectives of level and structure. The results show that: 1) Chinese residents' happiness was at a high level and relatively balanced between urban and rural areas, and the constructs of urban and rural residents' happiness are diversified under the "level" perspective, that is, the basic effect of economic capital, the transformative effect of cultural capital, and the strong sensitivity of social capital contributed to the enhancement of happiness in urban and rural areas. 2) Having considered the integrity of capital "structure" and ecological niche, the impact of multidimensional capital on the construction of happiness has evolved from one-way enhancement effect to uncertainty and structuralized characteristics, especially the strengthening or missing effects caused by the dominant or deficient local ecological niche, which makes the capital dimension more complex in the construction of happiness. 3) There were significant urban-rural differences in the response strength of residents' happiness to various dimensions of capital, among which social capital showed the strongest sensitivity and the most significant urban-rural differences in the construction of happiness, which indicates that China's current new-type urbanization process should pay attention to the reproduction mechanism and effect of urban-rural social capital. The results of the study are conducive to revealing the modern and local characteristics of the happiness construct in China, and provide a basis for balanced and effective policy formulation to enhance the happiness of Chinese urban and rural residents.

Since the appearance of the "re-materializing" approach in human geography, the subjectivity of material has been reappraised in the research framework of geography of migration. This reflection helps establishing a new research paradigm that combines mobility and materiality to explain the increasingly complex migration situation in the world. Although the concept of "material turn" first appeared in the literature of social sciences, there is limited research that systematically reviews how geography of migration engages with the materialist approach. Therefore, we intended to examine the current research trends, theoretical debates, and research frontiers in geography of migration, and then construct a theoretical framework that foregrounds the interactive relationship between migration and material. This article first examined the philosophical theory of Western material research, finding that the "material turn" trend was originally rooted in Western materialism, new materialism, and body phenomenology. Second, through the quantitative analysis of the migration-related literature in geography, we found that the research engaging "material turn" in the past 10 years mainly focused on four research hotspots: 1) migration infrastructure; 2) migration material culture; 3) immigrants' bodies, emotion, and politics; and 4) more-than-human migration geography. Focusing on the key research on material theories, this article summarized the current insights in Western and Chinese geography of migration to systematically explain the agency of material during the migration process, which may shed light on the importance of material in mediating the relationship between immigrant and place. Finally, this article constructed a theorical model around the relationship of "migrant-material-place", and further put forward the research prospect of establishing Chinese localized immigration theory. The research on "material turn" not only helps to guide new theoretical trends in geography of migration, but also promotes the place integration of international and intraregional immigrants in China.

With the rapid development of cities and the improvement of citizens' environmental awareness in China, tensions and conflicts caused by "Not In My Backyard" (NIMBY) facilities have increased. How to plan NIMBY facilities properly has become an essential issue for promoting environmental justice and social harmony. We obtained the geographic data of the NIMBY facilities in the main urban area of Guangzhou City from the Planning Cloud Platform. Using Python coding, we also collected housing price data from major real-estate brokerage companies. Kriging interpolation was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the NIMBY facilities. We used both ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression to investigate the relationship between the locations of NIMBY facilities and housing prices in their surrounding areas. Results show that the distribution of NIMBY facilities in the main urban area of Guangzhou is spatially consistent with the distribution of low-income neighborhoods. The NIMBY facilities are mainly distributed around neighborhoods with lower housing prices. The impact of NIMBY facilities on the housing prices of surrounding neighborhoods is related to the type and location of NIMBY facilities. The feature of NIMBY facilities in the urban peripheries negatively impact housing prices. In the core urban area, however, good location, infrastructure, and public services have, to some extent, canceled out the negative impacts of NIMBY facilities on housing prices. The impact of stigma related NIMBY facilities on housing prices is significantly lower than that of pollution, high safety risk, and psychological distress related NIMBY facilities. This study provides scientific guidelines for urban NIMBY planning.