Amidst economic globalization, commerce and trade have become increasingly interwoven with national security and foreign policy, emphasizing the growing interdependence of commerce, trade, and foreign policy in the 21st century. This trend has intensified in the 21st century, with the rise of multipolar economies and growing trade and technology conflicts, particularly between China and the United States, fueling interest in geoeconomic research. However, geoeconomic studies still lack clear theoretical and conceptual definitions as well as a complete qualitative analytical framework, posing challenges in supporting China's peaceful rise with a theoretical perspective. This study reviewed the current landscape of Western geoeconomic research, uncovering that: 1) the theoretical development of Western geoeconomics has evolved through two phases: germination and initiation; 2) three predominant schools have emerged: geostrategy, economic geography, and critical geography; 3) geoeconomics and geopolitics are deeply intertwined, rooted in "capitalistic logic" and "territorial logic", respectively; 4) extant empirical research spans various topics, including geoeconomic strategies, the application and impact of geoeconomic tools, and the discourse and conceptualization of geoeconomics. Finally, this article pointed out that geoeconomics is a tangible reality and represents a form of political geography driven by capitalistic logic, focusing on geopolitical spatial economics. It is dialectically integrated with geopolitics, serving both as a diplomatic policy practice and an analytical framework. Based on the coupling of existing research and China's contemporary context, this article suggests that future research in China should address geoeconomic resilience, the implementation and effectiveness of geoeconomic tools at varying scales, geoeconomic practices in smaller countries and third countries, geoeconomics from the perspective of urban regionalism, and the interplay between geoeconomic discourses and practices, to advance geoeconomic theories in China. This research is helpful to accurately and comprehensively understanding geoeconomics, grasping the development trends of Western geoeconomics, and better guiding the development of geoeconomics in China, so as to serve the implementation of "the Belt and rRoad Initiative" and the peaceful rise of China.

Seasonal cycle is the crucial intraannual climate pattern to be observed in global and regional agricultural practice. Under global warming, the global surface has witnessed a significant increase in temperature over nearly half a century. As a result, various parameters associated with surface air temperatures, such as the lengths, start dates, and end dates of the four seasons, also changed dramatically. This study examined the following aspects: 1) It summarized the three types of season definition methods, including astronomical, meteorological, and phenological methods; absolute and relative temperature threshold methods; and other methods characterized by regional geographic factors and specific weather phenomena. 2) This study conducted an analysis on the long-term seasonal variation characteristics in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the South China region during 1961-2015, using different seasonal division methods based on air temperature and analyzing the characteristics and differences in summer length calculated by different temperature indices. It also reviewed the characteristics of seasonal length changes in historical periods defined by different indicators and the future projected trends, and summarized the key reasons for seasonal length changes. 3) This study evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each seasonal division method from their fields of application and spatial applicability. Future research is prospected from the possible impact of data bias, the development of a commonly applicable index, and the mechanism of change under climate warming. The results of this study have clarified the differences of seasonal division methods, as well as the characteristics and causes of seasonal changes. This not only is beneficial for guiding agricultural production, but also provides reliable scientific information for addressing the climate change issue.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and increasing income, household energy consumption has become an important growth point of energy consumption in China. Grasping the spatiotemporal characteristics of household energy consumption and identifying the influencing factors and development trends of household energy consumption will help to accelerate the construction of a modern energy system, promote low-carbon energy transformation, and achieve the dual carbon goals. This study took household energy consumption as the research object and systematically explored its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics in China. Furthermore, it used the spatial econometric models, grey prediction, and scenario analysis to examine the influencing factors and development trends of household energy consumption. The study found that: 1) From the perspective of spatiotemporal characteristics, household energy consumption showed an upward trend from 1995 to 2021. Meanwhile, the gap in energy consumption between urban and rural households was gradually widening, but their per capita household energy consumption showed a trend of convergence. 2) From the perspective of proportion and structure, household energy consumption accounts for about one tenth of the total energy consumption, and the household energy consumption structure showed a trend of diversification and clean development. 3) From the perspective of influencing factors, energy intensity, population size, household size, education level, economic development, urbanization rate, and car ownership were important influencing factors for household energy consumption, but the degree of impact varied. 4) From the perspective of future trends, China's household energy consumption will continue to grow by 2040, and under the scenario of steady development, the growth rate is slower, indicating that the implementation of government policies and the popularization of green consumption concept among residents have a positive effect on controlling the growth of household energy consumption. Based on the results of this research, this article argued that the energy consumption structure should be adjusted by increasing the proportion of natural gas consumption, the energy consumption structure of rural households should be optimized, and the energy development policy should be further improved and the consumption concept of residents should be changed to control the excessive growth of household energy consumption.

In the process of rapid urbanization, the imbalance of human-environment relationship caused by the emigration of rural population has exacerbated the problem of rural hollowing out. It is of great practical significance to measure the hollowing out of the countryside and put forward strategies to rectify the problem by focusing on rural revitalization. Taking Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province as an example, this study used population transfer rate to measure the hollowing level of villages and used the entropy weight TOPSIS method to evaluate the development potential of villages. Combining these two methods, this study identified the type of village development and put forward the differential remediation strategies of hollowing villages. The results show that: 1) Baiquan County's rural hollowing level is 0.6529, and the degree of hollowing is severe. The hollowing at the township level is moderate and high, and the villages are dominated by high and heavy hollowing. Rural population loss is mainly due to the uneven development of urban and rural areas, few rural employment opportunities, low level of rural social security, among other factors. 2) The average development potential of villages in Baiquan County is 0.2279, the overall level is low, and the spatial distribution difference is significant. The development potential of villages around the county seat and along the main transportation routes and major rivers is generally higher than the villages in remote areas. The level of industrial development (0.5026) is significantly higher than that of civilization (0.2703) and ecological environment (0.1472), and low levels of governance (0.0317) and affluence of residents (0.0482) have become shortcomings of village development potential. 3) Villages of Baiquan County can be divided into four types—I: high potential low hollowing, II: high potential high hollowing, III: low potential low hollowing, and IV: low potential high hollowing. Overall the county is dominated by high potential high hollowing, and the development of southern villages is better than the rest of the county. In the future, village development should be guided by the rural revitalization strategies, with a shift of focus towards categories I and II, as well as southern villages and towns. The villages should improve homesteads, ecological land, cultivated land, and other related systems to promote their internal structure adjustment; cultivate cooperatives, family farms, and other new types of management, so as to explore the planning and upgrading of characteristic industries; build a new system of "central town-central village-rural community-village" to enhance urban-rural interaction and promote factor aggregation and resource sharing; and increase environmental regulation, enhance social security, and attract the return of talents, thus realizing village hollowing governance and rural revitalization in the county.

Music geography is an interdisciplinary subject between geography, musicology, culture studies, and other disciplines. Compared with the well-established music geography in Western countries, music geography in China is still in the embryonic phase. This study attempted to provide a literature review for the progress of music geography research outside China by having a close look at its origin, development paths, essential debates, frameworks, and approaches, based on an in-depth bibliometric analysis. First, this study found that international research on music geography has extended its scope from the perspective of cultural geography to an interdisciplinary discourse and received great attention from economic geography, political geography, and urban geography. Second, the core themes of international music geography research can be generally classified into five branches: music regions and cultural diffusion, industrial clusters and networks, temporal-spatial phenomena and influences of music performance, music-based identity and cultural politics, and music geography as a special urban soundscape. In terms of theories and approaches, international music geography research can be divided into four main branches: cultural geography, geopolitics, economic geography, and urban geography, which are respectively influenced by the non-representational theory of new cultural geography, popular geopolitics and the relational turn of economic geography, and other important trends. Lastly, this article proposed that there is a great necessity to pay more attention to music research by Chinese geographers as it serves as an ideal case and instrument to inquire into geographical issues such as local identity, authenticity, and sense of place, local-global connections, creative production networks, temporary projects, urban planning, and social well-being.

New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces under the background of new scientific and technological revolution, which meet the requirements of high-quality development. Understanding its connotation and current situation is crucial to accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces and promoting Chinese style modernization. Based on the connotation and practical requirements of the new quality productive forces, this study used the WSR (Wuli-Shili-Renli) system methodology for reference, constructed the evaluation indicator system of the new quality productive forces, and explored the development process and spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the new quality productive forces in Chinese cities from 2008 to 2021. The results show that the level of new quality productive forces in China and its four regions presents a significant upward trend, and the intraregional differences are declining. There is a spatial heterogeneity in the level of urban new quality productive forces in China, showing a distribution pattern of "high in the east, medium in the central part, and low in the west and northeast". There are significant differences in the level of urban new quality productive forces at different administrative levels, different population sizes, and different levels of per capita GDP. The level of urban new quality productive forces in China has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, the local spatial relationships vary little, and the stable hotspots are distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. The level of independent innovation and human resources in the eastern and central regions is higher than that in the western and northeastern regions, while the development of digital technologies and emerging industries is significantly better in the eastern region than in other regions. By examining the change in the spatial and temporal patterns of China's urban new quality productive forces level, we hope to provide a decision-making reference for optimizing layout and accelerating development of the new quality productive forces.

The increasingly important intercity elements flow and the unique urban administrative system in China lead to regional organizations such as urban agglomerations possessing both networked and hierarchical characteristics. Taking the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as an example, this study comprehensively considered spatial continuity, connectivity, and the evolution of the Yangtze River Delta's integration trend to divide the region into the central layer and the peripheral layer. Using a multi-level exponential random graph model (ML-ERGM), it dissected the coexistence of the network and hierarchical structures in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration network from the perspective of business connections. It also examined the formation mechanism of this pattern from the structural aspects of basic structural effects and complex structural effects, as well as external factors such as urban economic scale, intercity transportation accessibility, intercity physical distance, and administrative boundary effects. The research findings are as follows: 1) The intercity connection network of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration exhibits an overall hierarchical structure and shows a noticeable "capital attraction effect" in terms of intercity connection strength. 2) The intercity connection network in the Yangtze River Delta is significantly driven by structural effects, with specific dynamics including the closure of the central layer, the transmission in the peripheral layer, and interlayer expansion. 3) Urban economic scale is an important influencing factor on the intercity connection network. In addition, a convenient transportation network, close geographical distances, and being located within the same province can all promote intercity business connections, but their effects on different layers of the network are heterogeneous. The results of this research can provide some scientific support for the optimized development of the Yangtze River Delta intercity connection network.

In recent years, under the background of a series of national development strategies and the transformation of economic geography patterns, the connections between cities, towns, and rural areas in China have become increasingly close, bringing about a more diversified population distribution than before. However, there are still few studies that simultaneously involve the spatial analysis of cities, towns, and rural areas, as well as the evolution patterns and underlying mechanism of population distribution in regions with different levels of development. Based on the data of the sixth and seventh national censuses (provincial data of Jiangsu Province), this study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of city, town, and rural population distribution and revealed the influencing factors of the comprehensive attraction of city-town-rural areas to the floating population in Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2020. The results show that: 1) In the past 10 years, Jiangsu Province maintained a population spatial distribution pattern of dense in the south and sparse in the north, but the changes in the size of the resident population and floating population have shown noticeable geographical differences, which is manifested in the continued high growth rate of resident population in south Jiangsu, but the high growth rate of floating population is concentrated in central and north Jiangsu. 2) In the past 10 years, the high-value area of the ratio of floating population to resident population was still concentrated in south Jiangsu. The proportion increased in all cities and some towns in central and north Jiangsu, as well as slightly in some rural areas in south Jiangsu. 3) Comprehensive exploration of changes in the population distribution of the city-town-rural areas has found that although the trend of common growth of resident population in the three types of space was not obvious, the ratio of floating population to resident population in more than half of counties and cities showed the characteristics of city-town-rural area common growth. The increase in the comprehensive index of city-town-rural area attraction to floating population in central and north Jiangsu exceeded that of south Jiangsu. 4) Public affair investment of the government and regional industrial development had a significant positive impact on the comprehensive attraction of city-town-rural areas to floating population, which had a stronger effect in economically developed areas and areas with stronger industrial base. In contrast, advanced industrial structure only had a positive effect in south Jiangsu. Based on the correlation between the change in population distribution and the level of regional urbanization, as well as the analysis of its spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors in city-town-rural areas, this study put forward specific suggestions for the urban-rural integrated development of the population in different counties and cities.

The resilience of medical services reflects a region's medical response ability in the face of risks. The study of the spatial-temporal differentiation and driving forces of the resilience level of urban medical services can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of healthy China. Taking 287 cities of the prefecture level and above in China as research samples and integrating the concept of resilience, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system of the resilience of urban medical services, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving forces of the resilience of urban medical services in China from 2011 to 2021. The study found that: 1) The resilience level of urban medical services in China continued to increase year by year and overall, the spatial distribution showed a pattern of high in the coastal regions and low inland. There has been a trend towards a weakening of the regional differences, and some cities showed a certain degree of local polarization. 2) The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the resilience of urban medical services in China, which showed strong resistance and adaptability. 3) Based on the differences of dynamic factor combination, four medical service resilience driving models are identified: medical resource-oriented, fund-oriented, environment-dependent, and scientific research-dependent. 4) The resilience of medical services is influenced by many external factors. Population ageing is negatively associated with healthcare service resilience, while municipal sanitation capacity and the penetration rate of the Internet have a positive impact on the resilience of medical services. The paper analyzed the driving force model of the urban medical services resilience in China, which can provide practical reference for the construction and resilience improvement of medical services in different types of regions.

Since the appearance of the "re-materializing" approach in human geography, the subjectivity of material has been reappraised in the research framework of geography of migration. This reflection helps establishing a new research paradigm that combines mobility and materiality to explain the increasingly complex migration situation in the world. Although the concept of "material turn" first appeared in the literature of social sciences, there is limited research that systematically reviews how geography of migration engages with the materialist approach. Therefore, we intended to examine the current research trends, theoretical debates, and research frontiers in geography of migration, and then construct a theoretical framework that foregrounds the interactive relationship between migration and material. This article first examined the philosophical theory of Western material research, finding that the "material turn" trend was originally rooted in Western materialism, new materialism, and body phenomenology. Second, through the quantitative analysis of the migration-related literature in geography, we found that the research engaging "material turn" in the past 10 years mainly focused on four research hotspots: 1) migration infrastructure; 2) migration material culture; 3) immigrants' bodies, emotion, and politics; and 4) more-than-human migration geography. Focusing on the key research on material theories, this article summarized the current insights in Western and Chinese geography of migration to systematically explain the agency of material during the migration process, which may shed light on the importance of material in mediating the relationship between immigrant and place. Finally, this article constructed a theorical model around the relationship of "migrant-material-place", and further put forward the research prospect of establishing Chinese localized immigration theory. The research on "material turn" not only helps to guide new theoretical trends in geography of migration, but also promotes the place integration of international and intraregional immigrants in China.

Along with the rapid transformation of urban-rural relations in China, capital has become an important factor in reorganizing urban-rural elements and promoting the transformation and reconstruction of rural space in urban fringe areas. It is important to clarify its intervention mechanism to complement the interpretation of the dynamics of rural spatial reconstruction. This study constructed an analytical framework of the interaction between capital circulation and rural spatial transformation from the perspective of urban-rural interaction, and took Gangtou, a typical village in the urban fringe area of Guangzhou City, as an example to deeply analyze the stage characteristics of rural spatial transformation and its capital intervention mechanism in the Pearl River Delta urban fringe area. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The spatial transformation of Gangtou Village has gone through three stages since the 1980s: initial hollowing out under the urban-rural market circulation of rural residents' capital with intergenerational alternation, urbanization and deep hollowing out under the intervention of industrial and commercial capital and limited urban-rural market circulation of surplus value, and initial fleshing out under the transformation of idle rural space by state-owned capital without land acquisition. 2) Capital promotes the spatial transformation of the countryside and the full penetration of the primary to tertiary industries by investing in coordinating the network of rural equity relations to directly transform the space and investing in infrastructure to improve the development environment. The countryside, on the other hand, can induce continuous capital injection by enhancing accessibility and accelerating the integration and restoration of natural and historical cultural resources. 3) Capital intervention realizes urban-rural capital transfer and promotes urban-rural interaction by revitalizing idle space and stimulating rural land and other surplus values. However, the existing capital interventions have strong policy welfare attributes and do not fully characterize shift in the rural-urban flow of surplus value, and the risks of weakening the main status of rural residents, low integration of urban-rural interaction subjects, and the "de-realization of capital" still exist.

A multi-scale quantitative analysis of the factors that influence the spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services is an important breakthrough in revealing the mechanisms of ecosystem service evolution and promoting sustainable regional development. Existing studies focus on determining the scale of research from the administrative division or watershed level, and lack scientific and sound scale division methods. Taking the Shiyang River Basin as the study area, this study evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of four ecosystem services—food supply, carbon sequestration, water production, and wind and sand control. Wavelet analysis and the optimal parameters-based geographical detector model were used to determine the optimal scale and the main influencing factors at different scales for studying the spatiotemporal changes of ecosystem services. The results show that: 1) The four ecosystem services (food supply, carbon sequestration, water production, and wind and sand control) in the basin all showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020. Food supply services increased the most, by 138.3%, while carbon sequestration, water production, and wind and sand control services increased by 0.97%, 7.6%, and 9.5% respectively. 2) According to the wavelet square difference main cycle of the four ecosystem services, six characteristic scales of influencing factors were constructed from 2000 to 2020 and from 2010 to 2020, and seven from 2000 to 2010, respectively. 3) With the increase of scale, the effect of the influencing factors on the temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem services gradually increased, and the main influencing factors at different scales were significantly different. Food supply and carbon sequestration services were mainly affected by human factors on a small scale and natural factors on a large scale. Water production service was always affected by natural factors at different scales. With the increase of scale, the influence of human factors on the wind and sand control service was significantly enhanced. 4) The increasing trend of q-values of various interaction factors in the process of increasing scale is different and among these, the interaction between the human factors of carbon sequestration and wind and sand control services is significantly enhanced. This study addressed the inadequacies of the traditional multi-scale sequence construction method through wavelet analysis, which can provide a reference for optimizing regional ecosystem structure and making multi-level ecosystem management decisions.

Alluvial fans are common deposition landforms at the outlets of mountain streams (gullies). Maturely developed and stable alluvial fans are favorable sites for work and daily life in mountainous areas, but they are also potentially prone to debris flows and flash floods. The study of the geomorphic characteristics and development causes of alluvial fans can help to prevent and control geohazards and to rationally utilize soil and water resources, which has important scientific value and practical significance. Taking alluvial fans in the Parlung Tsangpo Basin, southeast Tibet as case samples and combining Google Earth, remote sensing images, and field surveys, we statistically analyzed the geomorphic characteristics, spatial differences, and main types of the regional alluvial fans, preliminarily examined the causes for their spatial diversity, and discussed the changes of the regional alluvial fans under the influence of climate change. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) The alluvial fan area fluctuates sharply in comparison with the slope in the Parlung Tsangpo Basin, and the mainstem alluvial fans are in general smaller and steeper than those developed in major tributaries; the alluvial fans of the three tributaries show a trend of increasing in area (in median values) from the upstream to the downstream (that is, fan areas of Quzong < Bodui < Yigong), while the slope shows a tendency of decrease; the fan area is weakly correlated with the contribution basin area, the fan slope is negatively correlated with the basin area and positively correlated with the ruggedness of the basin, and there are obvious differences in the fitting relationships between the alluvial fans of the four analyzed areas and the morphometric parameters of the basins. Alluvial fan-basin morphology parameters in the four analyzed areas shows obvious differences in the fitting relationships. 2) The morphological characteristics of the three types of fans in the basin, namely, fans formed by flood, debris flow, or colluvial processes, are quite different, and their links with the basins from which they originate are different, as shown by the fact that the correlation between the debris flow fans and the basin morphology parameters is the strongest, while that of the colluvial fans is very weak. 3) Fan development is affected by factors such as precipitation, sediment supply, dominant dynamic processes and the role of the main river, among others. Under the influence of climate change (for example, warming, increased heavy rainfall events, and so on), new alluvial fans are constantly created in the basin and the size (or even type) of the original alluvial fans is changing.

Analyzing the intrinsic relationship between the function and value of arable land and the construction of a livable, workable, and beautiful countryside, and systematically diagnosing the degree of synergy of multifunction and value of arable land are of great practical significance for rural hollowing governance, and for comprehensively advancing rural revitalization. Based on the characteristics of arable land resources in typical areas of the main grain-producing region of China, this study explored the level of coupling and coordination of multifunction and value of arable land in Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2020 and its functioning mechanism from the perspective of multifunctionality and value coupling of arable land using the comprehensive evaluation model, coupling and coordination model, exploratory spatial analysis, and geographically-weighted regression method, and put forward the differentiated governance paths to solve the problem of rural hollowing accordingly. The research found that from 2005 to 2020: 1) The multifunctional coupling and coordination degree of arable land in Liaoning Province rose steadily, showing a pattern of better in the northwest than in the southeast, with some room for improvement. 2) The value coupling and coordination degree of arable land in Liaoning Province was in a steady state, forming a pattern of high in the core and low in the two wings, with large differences between cities. 3) The coupling and coordination degree of arable land multifunction and value in Liaoning Province demonstrated a low-speed growth, and the spatial clustering effects of the two were slowly increasing, with a good synergistic relationship being established on the whole. 4) The influence of the multifunctionality of arable land on its value in Liaoning Province was characterized by significant heterogeneity, that is, non-synchronous trends of change, non-equilibrium spatial and temporal differentiation, and path dependence of the dynamic correlation between the two. The purpose of this study was to analyze the coupling and coordination of the functions and values of arable land to explore the path of rural hollowing governance, promote the synergistic development of people-land-industry on the countryside of the main grain-producing region, and provide references for consolidating the foundation of food security and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

Since the advent of scholarship initiated by John Brian Haley on the nexus between map and "knowledge-power", research in this domain has proliferated significantly. Nevertheless, extant studies predominantly emphasize the perspective of the original map creators, neglecting an examination of the map dissemination process from the perspective of the general map user. Utilizing the city planning map of Qingdao, purportedly crafted by German in 1910, as a case study, this study employed georeferencing techniques and a comparative analysis of map contents to elucidate the underlying urban planning truth and the historical intricacies hidden behind the map's representation. The results indicate that in the 1950s, some specific map users, who were also specialized urban and rural planning scholars, replicated and reconfigured a contemporary city map produced by German in 1910 and an urban planning map created by Japanese in 1915, resulting in the generation of an entirely new map. Consequently, this distorted map representation has engendered a totally new "historical reality" that subverts people's cognition and challenges the initial map interpretation, facilitated by the extensive propagation of authoritative textbooks. The interplay between the inherent values and ideologies of a specific social class as map users and the map representation in their participation process was further discussed. In essence, this study augmented and nuanced Haley's discourse on map power from the perspective of map users, while also contributing a novel dimension to the cartographic historical analysis, specifically focusing on urban planning maps.

Urban vitality stands as a pivotal driver underpinning the healthy and sustainable evolution of cities, exerting a direct influence on people's welfare, corporate advancement, and urban competitiveness. Adopting an urban organism viewpoint, we draw inspiration from the "vitality triangle" conceptual model and selected specific evaluation indicators from the three key aspects of growth metabolism, diversity, and mobility. The evaluation indicator system consists of six pivotal dimensions: population, economy, society, governance, environment, and external links. We assessed the vitality levels of 290 cities in China at the prefecture level and above by integrating a variety of data, including points of interest, social platforms, nighttime lighting, Baidu Index, population migration, corporate information, environmental monitoring, land use, population census, and statistics. The study revealed that high-vitality cities are mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region, followed by urban agglomeration areas and provincial capitals. Low-vitality cities are widely distributed in the Northeast region, while cities in the North China Plain area generally exhibit moderate to low levels of vitality. China's urban vitality scores adhere to a power law distribution, accentuating the dominance of a limited subset of cities functioning at heightened vitality levels, while the majority of urban centers demonstrate relatively subdued vitality levels. Cities with large population sizes tend to be more vibrant. Development across the six dimensions showed synergistic effects, displaying spatial variation and agglomeration. Based on dimension scores, Chinese cities fall into five types: high overall vitality, moderately high overall vitality, moderately low overall vitality, government-oriented vitality, and environment-oriented vitality. This research represents a significant contribution to the framework of urban vitality studies, offering a guidance for the advancement and high-quality development of urban vitality in Chinese cities in the post-pandemic context.

In the process of rapid urbanization, regional human-environment relationships in rural areas have become increasingly complex, and these areas are facing the challenge of integrating limited resources to realize industrial transformation and development. From the perspective of the factor-structure-function transformation of the rural territorial system, this study elucidated the conceptual connotation and driving force of rural industrial restructuring. On this basis, it classified the typical patterns of rural industrial restructuring according to the development direction of the dominant industries, with a specific focus on Guangxi. The study then proceeded to construct the guarantee mechanism for rural industrial restructuring. The following four main conclusions were reached: 1) Rural industrial restructuring can be comprehended as the process of optimizing spatial layout, extending the industrial chain, and enhancing the industrial system through industrial cultivation, adjustment, upgrading, and transformation. This process is grounded in the integration of the basic factors of industrial development—such as labor, land, and capital—in the context of local development conditions and external market environment. Rural industrial restructuring is characterized by the diversification of subjects and business forms, aiming to achieve both the benign and balanced development of rural industries internally and the value output externally. 2) In the practice of industrial restructuring, external driving forces and endogenous development forces of the rural territorial system interact with each other to jointly promote the coupling and coordination of various factors related to industrial development. 3) Rural industrial restructuring comprises five typical patterns, including the specialization of agricultural production, the industrialization of traditional culture, the tourism-driven development, the agglomeration of manufacturing, and service-oriented commerce and logistics. 4) In terms of policy, emphasis should be placed on guiding the concentration of key factors of production in rural areas by breaking down institutional barriers; building modern rural industrial systems by optimizing the industrial structure and improving the industrial layout; and improving the benefit linkage mechanism by adhering to the principle that the central position of farmers should not be compromised. Through a comprehensive approach, an institutional arrangement can be made for promoting rural industrial restructuring and facilitating the revitalization of rural industries.

Geocooperation between neighboring countries globally facilitates forest conversion and land use change across border zones especially in the tropics. Compared with the disturbance of specific tropical forest types, research on border forest disturbance and its mechanism of response to geocooperation between countries still lags behind. Geoeconomic cooperation and competition among the countries of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and their neighbors (including Bangladesh, China, India, and Malaysia) as well as major extraterritorial powers have developed over three decades. However, the COVID-19 pandemic delayed geoeconomic cooperation and border development. A pressing question is whether the process of border forest disturbance was affected accordingly. With the Sentinel-2 10 m 2017-2021 land cover products, forest disturbance process in the 13 border zones between MSEA and their neighbors from two driving mechanisms of agricultural expansion and built-up area enlargement were examined using GIS spatial analysis, including forest conversion flow and kernel density. The main conclusions are: 1) Forest is the dominant land cover type in all border zones of MSEA and their neighbors, followed by cropland and rangeland, and built-up area is critical in the surrounding areas of border ports. 2) Forest disturbance represented the primary form of border land cover and landscape changes, with the area accounting for nearly 50%. Changes in cropland and rangeland have contributed to agricultural land expansion (90%) and built-up area growth (10%). 3) Agricultural land expansion and built-up area enlargement of port areas were the principal and secondary driving mechanisms of border forest disturbance, respectively. The former contributed to over 70%, while the latter accounted for 3% of the changes, yet showing an increasing trend year by year and notable national differences in direct and indirect effects on border forest disturbance. 4) The COVID-19 pandemic weakened forest disturbance in all border zones, particularly in Cambodia and its border with Laos, exhibiting synchronous and asynchronous effects on the slow-down of forest disturbance on both sides of the borders.

The analysis of individual behavioral patterns within the context of behavioral and social shifts provides a detailed perspective for studying human-land relations. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the relationship between behavioral decisions and space, overlooking the impact of space on the psychological and cognitive dimensions of human beings. The "neural turn" emphasizes the relationship between the human mind and space, utilizing neural mechanisms to investigate the interactions between human perception, emotion, behavior, and space. In this study, we integrated the research paradigms of behaviorism geography into the framework of neural turn. We develop a closed- loop human- behavioral- spatial approach of "cognition-decision-feedback". Based on the theory of space-behavior interaction, we emphasized the role of the human brain's perception of the environment, learning from experiences, and comprehensive decision-making abilities in reconstructing cognition and reshaping preferences. Furthermore, we analyzed the feedback process of "space- people" from the perspectives of actors and their spatial behaviors. Taking the Wangjing area of Beijing as an example, the study utilizes in-depth interviews and activity log analysis methods to interpret the daily activities of typical cases. The results demonstrate that the framework effectively explains the interaction between individuals' short-term behaviors and space, as well as the intermediate roles of spatial mapping, spatial preferences, and behavioral decision-making in individuals' interactions with space.

Innovation is an important driving force for regional development. Since the 1980s, scholars in geography and related disciplines have paid great attention to the relationship between innovation and regional development, and have carried out a wealth of research on regional innovation. In the early stage, regional innovation research took regional innovation system as the main research approach and explored the spatial aggregation mechanism and regional characteristics of innovation activities. In the 21st century, however, with the deepening of economic globalization and the prominence of global challenges in the fields of climate, environment, and energy, regional innovation research has shown a diversified trend in theory and research objects. Although scholars have theoretically reviewed regional innovation research, they have not paid sufficient attention to the changes in the socioeconomic background and theories of regional innovation research. To fill this gap, this article comprehensively comprehended the socioeconomic background, research propositions, and main research topics of regional innovation research paradigm change since the 1980s, revealing the evolution of regional innovation research that shifted from closed to open region precondition and from static to dynamic and transformative analysis, indicating the contribution of other perspectives such as technological innovation system, evolutionary economic geography, and transition studies, and suggesting the importance of global knowledge and the normative turn in regional innovation research. Moreover, after summarizing the current progress, this article proposed that future regional innovation research needs to pay more attention to multi-scalar and comparative regional innovation research and focus on the negative side and the role of the state in regional innovation activities.

Urban-rural population mobility is an important driving force in changing and shaping new urban-rural relations. Along with the deepening of urban-rural integration in China, a new trend of urban-rural population mobility has emerged, namely, the counter-stream of rural-urban migration (urban-rural migration and rural population reflux), an important social phenomenon that is driving the connection and development of rural societies. The evolution and reconstruction of rural social space as a spatial carrier under the interaction between people and industries present new characteristics, and exploring the reconfiguration process of rural social space by counter-stream of rural-urban migration in the context of the complexity of the "people-land-industry" pattern in the Chinese countryside is of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding the dilemmas and opportunities faced by "urban-rural China" at the present time. In this study, we started from the core research fields of urban-rural population mobility and rural reconstruction, rural industrial development and rural social space evolution, and rural social space reconstruction process and effect, and used VOSviewer to explore the related literature in China and internationally, to condense the achievements and bottlenecks that need to be solved in the current research focusing on the theme. This study then looks forward to the theoretical analytical framework, process rules, function mechanism, and place effects of the counter-stream of rural-urban migration in reconstructing the rural social space, aiming to re-conceptualize and re-interpret the phenomenon of the counter-stream of rural-urban migration in China in the new era, to decipher the demographic problems of urban-rural integration and in-depth development, and to provide a scientific basis and support for narrowing the imbalance of urban-rural development and realizing urban-rural co-prosperity.