In recent years, machine learning models have been widely introduced into spatiotemporal travel behavior modeling and prediction research due to their superior predictive performance and flexibility, but their underlying research framework and technical routes are still unclear. This article reviewed the typical literature published in related fields from 2010 to 2022 to examine the impact of the application of machine learning algorithms on the spatiotemporal travel choice behavior research paradigm, summarize the key issues to be solved in the current application and the potential influencing factors and mechanisms that affect the effectiveness of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior modeling, and foresee the directions to be focused on in future research. The effective application of machine learning algorithms to the study of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior requires not only the support of model architectures and decision mechanisms that fit the decision scenarios, but also to overcome the inherent shortcomings of all learning processes and methods, and fully consider the impact of external research conditions on the simulation and prediction performance of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior. Existing machine learning models can already fit most spatiotemporal travel choice decision scenarios, and diversified and efficient machine learning algorithms will certainly give a strong impetus to the development of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior research. Limited model interpretability remains the fundamental reason why machine learning-based spatiotemporal travel behavior models are difficult to be widely trusted. Facing the opportunities and challenges of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior research in the era of big data, it will be an important development trend to fully integrate the respective advantages of machine learning algorithms and classical decision theories and models, while improving the simulation accuracy and model interpretability of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior.

The resilience of medical services reflects a region's medical response ability in the face of risks. The study of the spatial-temporal differentiation and driving forces of the resilience level of urban medical services can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of healthy China. Taking 287 cities of the prefecture level and above in China as research samples and integrating the concept of resilience, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system of the resilience of urban medical services, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving forces of the resilience of urban medical services in China from 2011 to 2021. The study found that: 1) The resilience level of urban medical services in China continued to increase year by year and overall, the spatial distribution showed a pattern of high in the coastal regions and low inland. There has been a trend towards a weakening of the regional differences, and some cities showed a certain degree of local polarization. 2) The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the resilience of urban medical services in China, which showed strong resistance and adaptability. 3) Based on the differences of dynamic factor combination, four medical service resilience driving models are identified: medical resource-oriented, fund-oriented, environment-dependent, and scientific research-dependent. 4) The resilience of medical services is influenced by many external factors. Population ageing is negatively associated with healthcare service resilience, while municipal sanitation capacity and the penetration rate of the Internet have a positive impact on the resilience of medical services. The paper analyzed the driving force model of the urban medical services resilience in China, which can provide practical reference for the construction and resilience improvement of medical services in different types of regions.

Digital empowerment for the deep integration of rural culture and tourism is an important initiative for the upgrading of rural industries and the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas in the context of the digital economy. Taking Wusi Village in Zhejiang Province as an example, this study applied the actor network theory to explore the process and mechanism of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment. The results show that: 1) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is a dynamic process in which multiple subjects participate and play with each other in three stages: initial exploration, rapid development, and deep integration. In the process of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village, the village committee continues to play a key role, the role of market players such as cultural and tourism enterprise is gradually increasing, and the degree of association of rural residents with the network of actors is gradually deepening. 2) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is driven by a dynamic circular mechanism consisting of the rural core system and the peripheral system as the integration basis, digital technology and digital platform as the integration support, governmental, societal, and local forces formed by the interaction of multiple actors as the integration actor, and the deep integration of the rural cultural and tourism resources, products, industries, factors, markets, and values as the integration content. 3) The high-level cyclic development of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment is the result of the release of strong effects of both the mechanisms of action and reaction of the integration support and integration actor, and that of the integration actor and integration content. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical experience for the high-quality development of rural digital cultural tourism, the upgrading of rural industries, and comprehensive rural revitalization.

Ali Prefecture of Xizang, China is located in the middle and western sections of the China-India border, where the high altitude, continuous mountains, and crisscrossing valleys pose many restrictions on military activities. It was in this region that Chinese Xizang fought against Jammu's invasion from 1841 to 1842. The result of this war is closely related to the current border dispute between China and India. From the perspective of military geography, the military geographic pattern of Ali region underwent significant changes in the late Qing Dynasty. The three locations of Dongti, Chushule, and Shibuqi became the frontline of the military confrontation. At the beginning of the war, the Jammu army quickly passed through these three key locations and carried out a surprise attack. Xizang's army was forced to exchange space for time, and stroke a heavy blow to Jammu's army in Duoyu, recovering all lost territory. During the war, the main bases of operation of the Xizang army were located in the direction of Gorkha (Nepal). When they arrived in Leh, they were already over 2000 km away from their base. The Xizang army's attack was clearly unsustainable based on the analysis of time and distance factors. Thereby, the previous military structure of core-periphery was dramatically reversed, forming a new military geographic situation. When the Xizang army's attack exceeded its "peak", their situation shifted from advantaged to disadvantaged, forcing them to withdraw from Ladakh. This article aimed to reveal the relationships between wars and military geographic environments through military geographic analysis, and then identify key areas for war preparation and implementation, which is of great significance for the current national defense construction. Finally, the article put forward three recommendations for border security and national defense construction in the Ali region.

Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) is considered a key driver of innovation and economic development in the knowledge economy era as an industry that provides knowledge and technology services. With the rise of the knowledge economy and the advanced industrial structure in the 1990s, scholars in China and internationally began to focus on the spatial distribution of KIBS and the process of knowledge diffusion, as well as its significant role in promoting industrial integration, regional innovation, and economic transformation. Since the twenty-first century, rapid economic globalization has propelled the application research of KIBS in geographical fields such as national and regional innovation, industrial clusters, and innovation networks. Under the new situation of globalization and the new research paradigms of economic geography, research on the integration of KIBS and various research paradigms of economic geography, the mechanism of impact of KIBS on the new information technology revolution and new quality productivity, the mechanism of impact of KIBS on industrial upgrading and regional transformation from the perspective of global-local interaction, global-local production network, and multiscale innovation space reconstruction are relatively insufficient. Based on the current research progress, the authors reviewed the key publications on KIBS in the field of geography in China and internationally, summarized the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of KIBS publications, and used the bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace 6.2.R6 to make a visual analysis of research hotspots in this field. We systematically summarized the research hotspot content and research trend of KIBS. Combined with the new situation of globalization and the major strategic issues of China's economic geography research, we put forward the prospect of KIBS geographical research focusing on KIBS and regional development transformation under the new trend of globalization, KIBS and new quality productivity, global-local innovation centers, KIBS and global-local innovation networks from the perspective of global-local interaction, and KIBS and multiscale innovation spatial coupling.

Accurately grasping the patterns of population dynamics within cities can help promote coordinated regional development and optimize the spatial structure of society. Most of the existing studies focus on the total population and distribution changes at the macro scale, but lack of attention to the process of population dynamics caused by intracity relocation, and its measurement methods and characteristics are yet to be explored. Based on cell phone signaling big data and taking Wuhan City as an example, this study carried out an empirical analysis by constructing a three-dimensional indicator system of scale-direction-movement for population dynamics, applying cluster analysis to analyze the characteristics of population dynamics at the neighborhood scale caused by intracity relocation, and exploring the comprehensive characteristics of population dynamics changes and differentiation patterns. The results show that: 1) Population dynamics from the central city to the suburban areas have the scale characteristics of highly active→moderately active→inactive, directional characteristics of roughly balanced in and out→seriously imbalanced, and dynamic/static characteristics of static-oriented→dynamic-oriented. 2) There are five comprehensive types of population dynamics in the Wuhan metropolitan area, of which the highly active-growth-dynamic type and the highly active-loss-weak dynamic type are mainly interspersed in the core areas of the central urban area and the suburban area clusters; the moderately active-slight loss-weak dynamic type is mainly distributed in the periphery of the above two types; and the inactive-slight growth-strong dynamic type and the inactive-balance-dynamic type are distributed at the edge of the central urban area and the suburban area clusters. 3) The comprehensive types of population dynamics within the Wuhan metropolitan area have a core-periphery nested structure: The spatial differentiation of population dynamics between the central urban area and the peri-urban areas is mainly related to location and the quality of the living environment; within the central urban area, the spatial differentiation of population dynamics between the central city and peri-urban areas is mainly related to location and the quality of the living environment; the spatial differentiation within the central city and peri-urban areas is mainly related to the development and type of industries. This study expanded the theory and methods of the study of population migration and population change, and provides a reference basis for optimizing the social and spatial structure of urban society, and for fine-tuning the policy of residential space supply.

China's overseas industrial parks (COIP) are important means for implementing the Belt and Road initiative and vital strategic support for the new development pattern of "dual circulation", and have attracted increasingly more attention from the academic community. To explore the research progress of COIP, this study used the CNKI and Web of Science as data sources and the CiteSpace and VOSviewer visualization software to examine the number and distribution of publications, and identify the research teams and research hotspots of COIP research. It further elaborated on the research progress of COIP from the perspectives of economy and trade, institution and culture, geopolitics, layout and planning, and ecological environment, revealing the current problems of research in COIP and future research priorities. The main conclusions are: 1) The overall number of publications in COIP research shows a trend of first increasing and then declining, which can be divided into three stages: slow growth, rapid rise, and decline. 2) The overall research on COIP has undergone a transformation from a corporate perspective to an industrial park perspective, and then to a development perspective, mainly exploring the development models and characteristics, location choices, spatial planning, institutional culture, and ecological environment of COIP. 3) Research directions for further exploration of COIP may include promoting research on the resilience of COIP, expanding research on the relationship and scale of COIP, strengthening research on the relationship between geo-setting and high-quality development of COIP, and increasing research on the spatial layout of global COIP, as well as research on promoting green, low carbon, and sustainable development of COIP.

Scene theory provides a new theoretical perspective for deepening research of cultural and tourism integration. This study used the scene theory as a theoretical analysis tool, summarizing the research value of cultural and tourism scenes, proposing the theoretical connotation and logic of cultural and tourism scenes, and identifying the research direction of cultural and tourism scenes. The research findings are as follows: 1) The research value of cultural and tourism scenes is reflected in placing the cultural and tourism industries in the same dynamic and complete system, and the differentiated scenes formed are conducive to implementing heterogeneous cultural and tourism integrative development strategies. 2) The theoretical connotation of cultural and tourism scenes includes four parts: First, concrete substance is an important foundation for the existence of cultural and tourism scenes. Second, the unique cultural value is contained in cultural and tourism scenes. Third, cultural values are the core components of cultural and tourism scenes. Last, the construction of cultural and tourism scenes becomes the driving force for culture and tourism integration. 3) The theoretical logic of cultural and tourism scenes is formed by the interaction of three dimensions: local originality, symbolic perception, and value expression. 4) Future research on cultural and tourism scenes should focus on the theoretical connotation and contemporary value of cultural and tourism scenes, the expression of cultural value in cultural and tourism scenes, the pattern recognition and operation mechanism of cultural and tourism scenes, and the application of digital technology in cultural and tourism scenes. The research can provide a theoretical basis and scenario application reference for promoting the development of culture and tourism integration.

Urban ventilation corridors play a critical role in mitigating the heat island effect and air pollution and the construction of low-carbon cities. This research utilized a variety of data, including meteorological data, basic geographic information data, and satellite remote sensing data, to calculate urban ventilation indicators in the main urban area of Hefei City. Four scenario evaluation systems were established based on different combinations of indicators, including ventilation potential coefficient (VPC), VPC + high temperature (LST), VPC + haze (PM_2.5), and VPC + high temperature (LST) + haze (PM_2.5). Subsequently, we employed the least-cost path model to construct ventilation corridors and used Pearson correlation models to assess ventilation efficiency under various scenarios. The findings revealed that: 1) We proposed and validated a new paradigm for constructing ventilation corridors—constructing ventilation corridors based on a composite index evaluation system consisting of the VPC and climatic indicators (LST/PM_2.5/LST+PM_2.5). The VPC was determined by sky view factor and roughness length indicators, while the selection of climate environmental indicators was based on specific climate environmental issues faced by the city. 2) The main urban area of Hefei City experiences dominant southeast winds in the summer and northeast winds in the winter. Areas with high values of sky view factor and roughness length indicators are concentrated outside and inside the second ring road, respectively. High LST values are observed in Jingkai District and Baohe District, while high PM_2.5 concentration values are found in the old urban area, Baohe District, Xinzhai District, and Yaohai District. 3) The paradigm proposed in this study for constructing the ventilation corridor demonstrated high efficiency. Specifically, under the VPC+LST+PM_2.5 paradigm, the coefficients of correlation between wind speed level in the ventilation corridor and LST, as well as PM_2.5 concentration, were -0.75 and -0.85, respectively. These absolute values were higher than the correlation coefficients of -0.68 and -0.82 obtained from the traditional paradigm based on building form indicators for the ventilation corridor. 4) The main urban area of Hefei City featured a two-tiered ventilation corridor management system, designated as "1+7". This structure permitted the implementation of tailored control strategies within the primary and secondary regulatory zones. This study aimed to provide strategic guidelines for improving urban climate resilience at the built environment level.

The digital economy has become the first driving force for the innovation-driven development of the cultural and tourism industry. Based on data from 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2021, this study found that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry, the conclusion that remains valid after robustness tests. The digital economy has been a more significant driving factor within Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, between large cities and between large and small and medium-sized cities, and between the core areas and between core and non-core areas. There is no significant correlation between the national smart tourism pilot cities and non-pilot cities in terms of high-quality synergistic development of the digital economy and the cultural and tourism industry. Mechanism tests showed that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry through channels such as promoting cultural and tourism product innovation and enhancing market potential. Further research found that the development of the digital economy in the Shanghai metropolitan area has narrowed the gap in the development of the cultural and tourism industry in various cities, while the existence of the "digital divide" in non-metropolitan areas has exacerbated the imbalance in the cultural and tourism industry. The conclusions have important implications for various types of subjects to cultivate the digital economy as a new force for the development of the cultural and tourism industry, and thus optimize the spatial pattern of high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry enabled by the digital economy.

Under the backdrop of the National Fitness and Healthy China strategy, fitness facilities, as the spatial carrier of the sports-built environment, play a significant role in enhancing the health levels and well-being of urban residents. This study used the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and multilevel linear models to explore the age-stratified characteristics of residents' fitness habits and the spatial features of accessibility to commercial and public sports facilities. The study further revealed the differential impact of accessibility on satisfaction levels across different age groups, proposing policy recommendations for healthy urban planning. The findings indicate that: 1) The elderly group has the lowest proportion of non-exercisers, exhibiting a higher demand for low intensity and moderate-low intensity physical activities, while the youth group shows a polarization with higher proportions of non-exercisers and individuals engaging in moderate-high intensity activities. 2) There is a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the accessibility of the two types of facilities, with communities around those with higher public facility accessibility having fewer nearby options, and closer proximity to commercial fitness facilities, with accessibility increasing as the number of facilities grows. 3) The accessibility of fitness facilities has a significant positive effect on satisfaction, with public facility accessibility having a more substantial impact, and the reduction of satisfaction caused by educational level, health status, marital status, household registration is more significant in the elderly group. 4) The accessibility of both types of fitness facilities is more critical for the youth and elderly groups, with public facility accessibility having a lesser impact on the middle-aged group, and the effect of commercial fitness facility accessibility being insignificant.

The rate of climate change exhibits differences at daily and seasonal scales and is characterized by non-uniform warming. Particularly in the mid to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the rate of warming at night surpasses that during the day, and the rate of warming in winter exceeds that in summer. Accurately assessing the impact of non-uniform warming on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems represents a significant challenge in the field of global change research. This article, through a literature review, systematically analyzed the effects of non-uniform warming in winter, changes in snow metrics, and variations in photoperiod on the phenological characteristics of spring vegetation. It also discussed factors such as species specificity, geographic location heterogeneity, and seasonal compensation effects. The research indicated that seasonal changes in temperate regions have a significant impact on vegetation phenological cycle, but existing studies have shortcomings in observation experiments, mechanism understanding, and model simulation. Although controlled experiments are helpful for studying the effects of meteorological factors on vegetation, they may not fully reflect the natural conditions. Remote sensing monitoring provides a macroscopic perspective, but its data accuracy is limited by many factors, and it is difficult to capture subtle phenological changes. Ground observations provide valuable information for climate science, but the distribution of observation sites is sparse and the data uncertainty is large. In terms of the mechanism of impact, the interactions of light, temperature, and water and their effects on phenology are not fully understood, and the carry-over lag effect between seasons is not well understood either. In terms of model simulation, it is difficult to parameterize the plant phenology model, the study of parameter thresholds is insufficient, and the influence of other biotic and abiotic factors is not fully considered. These challenges limit the accuracy of predictions of plant phenological changes. Therefore, future research is needed to develop novel observational experimental methods to accurately distinguish plant responses under different environmental conditions and to validate model predictions under more natural conditions. This includes improving warming experiments, accounting for the effects of nighttime warming, and encouraging research based on global field observations. It is also necessary to strengthen the understanding of the mechanism of influence of non-uniform warming, especially the light, heat, and water requirements of spring phenology, and the complex effects of winter and spring warming on leaf phenology. In addition, research should focus on fall phenological processes and the risk of late spring frost. In terms of modeling, non-uniform warming and its associated impacts need to be incorporated into models to improve the ability to predict the response of temperate ecosystems to climate change. This includes precise measurements of the onset of ecological dormanism in trees, combined with physiological studies, and consideration of seasonal climate change effects on carbon sequestration and cycling in terrestrial ecosystem models. At the same time, the impact of seasonal snowfall should be considered and the understanding of photoperiodic effects should be deepened to assess the potential impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ecosystems, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the impacts of climate change on vegetation at the seasonal scale.

Rhythmmanalysis, as an important theory in geographic research, has received extensive attention in the international academic community, but has not yet been fully emphasized in the Chinese academic community. This article first defined the connotation of Henri Lefebvre's concept of rhythm, and explained the theoretical connotation and inner connection of polyrhytmia, arrhythmia, eurhythmia, dressage, and isorhythmia in the theory of rhythm analysis; second, it systematically reviewed the rhythm research of the international geography community in the dimensions of the subject, the place, and the mobility. The article further discussed the deep insight of rhythm analysis in understanding the interactions between human activities and geographical space. Third, the article explored two theoretical perspectives of rhythm analysis—a localized time and a temporalized place—and explained the differences and connections between them in terms of research focus. Ultimately, rhythmanalysis, as a humanistic research method, pays attention to the comprehensive development of individuals, offering new theoretical perspectives and research methodologies for issues such as life rhythm, cultural rhythm, and ecological rhythm within the context of contemporary China. The article posits that the localization and modernization of the theory of rhythm analysis will provide a scientific guidance for the theoretical innovation of human geography practice in China, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of society and the comprehensive development of human beings.

Under the background of the new type urbanization, accurately grasping the changes in family migration patterns is of great significance for understanding the pattern of change of migration in China and promoting high-quality development of urbanization. Based on the data from the 2012 and 2018 China Migrant Dynamic Survey and related statistics of cities, this study analyzed the characteristics of family migration and influencing factors by using descriptive analysis and multi-level regression models. The results show that: 1) The average size of migrant population households is increasing, and family migration has been and will continue to be the dominant form of migration for a significant period of time. 2) Changes in the patterns of family migration have mainly manifested in the decline in semi-family migration and the emergence of complete family migration, demonstrating a trend of continuity. 3) Over time, the process of family migration has become more complex, and the reunion of the migrant population's family members requires more batches of migration; the larger the family size and the more complete the family migration is, the more batches of migration are required to achieve family reunion. The modeling results show that the characteristics of both the destination areas and the migrant population at the individual level affect family migration patterns. Individual and family characteristics of the migrant population and their mobility characteristics have always been important factors that influence family migration; at the city level, the influence of the level of urban socioeconomic development has undergone an important shift from insignificant to positively significant over time. In addition, complete family migration has always been affected by the conditions of the urban housing market and the level of public services, while semi-family migration has been mainly influenced by the rank of the city in the urban hierarchy.

The study of administrative center relocation integrates perspectives from a wide range of fields, including geography, history, economics, politics, and environmental studies. Exploring the historical development and future trends of administrative center relocation is crucial for enhancing the scientific, normative, and effective setting of administrative divisions and for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. This study systematically analyzed relevant Chinese and international publications through a comprehensive literature review and bibliometric analysis, elucidating the conceptual attributes, thematic evolution, main research findings, and future development trends of administrative center relocation research. The study found that the motivations for relocating administrative centers are deeply rooted in supporting national strategic development. There is an interactive relationship between research findings and national policies, effectively promoting the deepening and expansion of the field of administrative division studies. The historical continuity and interdisciplinary nature of research on administrative center relocation provide rich perspectives and methodologies for the study. Given the differences in the stages of socioeconomic development and administrative systems between international and Chinese contexts, international experiences imply that China needs to adopt a dialectical approach based on its specific national conditions to develop a research path with distinctive Chinese characteristics. This involves critically analyzing international case studies and adapting the lessons learned to fit China's unique sociopolitical and economic landscape. In the process of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, it is essential to strengthen the evaluation of the effects and underlying mechanisms of administrative center relocation. This includes a thorough scientific assessment of relocation plans, focusing on their feasibility, potential benefits, and risks. By employing effective administrative division measures, regional sustainable development can be promoted, and the efficiency of national spatial governance can be enhanced. The conclusions of this study can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for research on the relocation of administrative centers in China, promoting in-depth academic research and methodological innovation in this field.

When selecting investment locations, evaluating a region's or country's investment environment is crucial for enterprises. However, existing research often falls short of meeting the current practical needs of businesses. To address this gap, we conducted a field research and developed a comprehensive indicator system to assess Vietnam's investment environment across six key dimensions: factor endowment, infrastructure, industrial development, market conditions, financial environment, and institutional context. Based on this framework, we categorized Vietnam's investment environment, analyzed the key regions for investment and priority investment areas, and proposed four specific investment strategies. The study yielded vital findings: 1) Vietnam's investment environment across multiple dimensions—factor endowment, infrastructure, industrial development, market conditions, financial environment, and institutional context—generally falls within average to medium levels. There is a notable spatial distribution pattern where some areas show high local values, but the overall investment environment remains relatively poor. 2) The investment environment in Vietnam exhibits a clear spatial imbalance. Provinces such as Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Hai Phong, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, and Ba Ria-Vung Tau stand out, ranking above the national average. 3) Vietnam's investment environment can be categorized into five types: priority investment zones, key investment zones, general investment zones, potential investment zones, and cautious investment zones. The spatial distribution of these zones aligns with Vietnam's key economic regions, which are in the north and the south. 4) Investment preferences vary by region. The northern critical economic zone develops industries like electronics, machinery manufacturing, and new energy. In contrast, the southern critical economic zone focuses on industries such as textiles and garments, food processing, and high-tech sectors. This research provides a scientific basis for enterprise investment decisions in Vietnam, fosters China-Vietnam economic and trade cooperation, and supports the long-term development of a resilient China-Vietnam community with a shared future.