PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY

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Characteristics of water vapor and its moist static energy budget in rainy midsummer years in North China

LI Haoyu, WANG Lijuan, JIANG Zhihong

PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2026, 45(3): 673-682. DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2026.03.016

Fig.4 (a) Vertical profiles of climatological MSE $h -$ and vertical velocity anomalous ω' in rainy midsummer years in North China, (b) Budget of the MSE equation

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Fig.1 Spatial pattern and normalized PC time series for the first EOF mode of the midsummer precipitation in North China during 1991-2020
Fig.2 (a) Budget of moisture in rainy midsummer years in North China, (b) Anomalies of vertical integrated vapor flux and its divergence, and (c) Longitude-height cross section of wind field anomalies, specific humidity anomalies, and vertical velocity anomalies averaged over 35°-43°N
Fig.3 Spatial distribution and variation of water vapor channel height of the main water vapor channels at 1500 m in rainy midsummer years in North China
Fig.5 Spatial distribution of the decomposition of the horizontal advection of climatological moist enthalpy by anomalous winds terms $- V' ∇ h M -$ in rainy midsummer years in North China
Fig.6 (a) Vertical profiles of horizontal advection of climatological dry enthalpy by anomalous wind $- V →' ∇ h C p T -$ , and horizontal advection of climatological latent heat by anomalous wind $- V →' ∇ h L v q -$ ; (b) The 300 hPa winds anomalies, climatological temperature, and meridional temperature gradient; and (c) The 600 hPa winds anomalies, climatological specific humidity, and meridional specific gradient in rainy midsummer years in North China
Fig.7 (a) Vertical profiles of climatological vertical velocity $ω -$ , (b) Vertical profiles of $h'$ , $C p T'$ , $L v q'$ , and $g z'$ averaged over North China in rainy midsummer years

模态框（Modal）标题

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