Green finance is also called environmental finance or sustainability finance. As an important kind of financial development, green finance focuses on the win-win situation between the environment and economic growth by supporting the environmental protection industry. On the other hand, the green low-carbon transformation development can form diversified green capital needs, which will induce financial institutions to adjust products and services structure, innovate green finance service models and application scenarios with ecological concepts, and this will promote the development of green finance. Therefore, the concept and practice of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation are highly consistent, and there is an inherent logic of coordination and mutual promotion. However, there is limited literature on the coupling and coordination relationship between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and the research on influencing factors needs more in-depth discussions. To reveal the status of coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, this study used the entropy method to measure the level of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and introduced the coupling and coordination degree model, geodetector, and ArcGIS technology to explore the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation based on the data of Hunan Province from 2013 to 2021. The results show that the coupling and coordination degree between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation in Hunan Province was on the rise year by year, and continued to improve over time. The status was transiting to a coordinated stage step by step. The coupling and coordination degree in various regions showed a relatively consistent trend with the entire province. The coupling and coordination degree exhibited spatial agglomeration characteristics and presented a green development pattern radiating from Changsha City to the surrounding areas. The spatial differentiation of the coupling and coordination degree was obvious, greater in the eastern region than the western region, and in the northern region than the southern region. However, the growth speed in the western and southern regions was higher than that in the eastern and northern regions. The geodetector test results show that the coupling and coordination degree was influenced by factors of economic development, financial development scale, green R&D investment, digital infrastructure, and regional openness. Among them, the explanatory power of green R&D investment and financial development scale was greater than other factors, and both of them were the driving factors for the coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation. The research may enable governments to clearly understand the integrated pattern of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, so as to provide a decision-making reference for the integrated development of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and a reliable theoretical basis for cultivating new quality productivity according to local conditions to promote high-quality development.

The world is undergoing unprecedented changes that have not been seen in a century, with an era of uncertainty and precarity beginning to emerge. Over the past 20 years, the concept of precarity has rapidly become a topic of great interest in Western human geography. This article first explained the basic connotations of precarity in terms of labor conditions, ontological experience, and class categories based on the classic literature of Western social science. It then reviewed the research trajectory of precarity in Western human geography and found that the geographical research on precarity exhibits a significant critical thinking approach. It focuses on the impact of structured environments of precarity on individuals and their responses within such environments, forming two main research threads: one is the study of precarity in labor conditions under specific historical circumstances, focusing on the structural mechanisms of precarious employment and the agency of the precariat; the other is the study of precarity as an ontological experience of human life, focusing on the impact of precarity caused by geopolitics and the politics of everyday urban life on residents and the political consequences that arise. Finally, the article suggests that research on precarity in the Chinese context can be carried out by integrating the economic situations of emerging economies, the new normal of the economy, flexible capital accumulation, and international politics. This article aimed to promote the field of human geography in China to extend into the realm of precarity, preparing for research in understanding social risks brought about by precarity and achieving long-term stable development of the social economic system.

Exploring the impact of urban morphology on the thermal environment is crucial for implementing sustainable urban planning and improving thermal conditions of cities. However, current research on the multiscale analysis of the heterogeneity in urban morphology's thermal environmental effects at the community scale is still insufficient, and the process of effectively integrating research findings into urban planning and management practices also faces numerous challenges. This study focused on the Nankai District, a typical high-density urban area in Tianjin Municipality, and used the building vector data and Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery to quantify urban morphology and land surface temperatures during the summer at the community scale. It integrated the multiscale geographically weighted regression and K-means clustering methods to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of urban morphology's impact on land surface temperatures and to perform cluster zoning. The results revealed that: 1) The summer land surface temperatures in Nankai District exhibited a high in the north and low in the south distribution with significant spatial autocorrelation, forming high-high and low-low aggregation patterns. 2) The multiscale geographically weighted regression model significantly outperformed ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models in fitting and explaining the relationship between urban morphology and land surface temperatures. 3) The impact of urban morphology factors on summer land surface temperatures showed multiscale spatial heterogeneity, with influences ranking from highest to lowest as follows: building density > normalized difference vegetation index > floor area ratio > building volume density, where building density and building volume density contributed to higher temperatures, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index and floor area ratio had a notable cooling effect. 4) Clustering based on the spatial heterogeneity of urban morphology indicators affecting summer land surface temperatures allowed the study area to be divided into three distinct regions, which enabled the formulation of differentiated planning strategies. The findings of this study provide a basis for optimizing community thermal environments. Moreover, effectively integrating multiscale geographically weighted regression and K-means clustering methods offers new perspectives and methodological frameworks for urban thermal environment research and related fields.

New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces under the background of new scientific and technological revolution, which meet the requirements of high-quality development. Understanding its connotation and current situation is crucial to accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces and promoting Chinese style modernization. Based on the connotation and practical requirements of the new quality productive forces, this study used the WSR (Wuli-Shili-Renli) system methodology for reference, constructed the evaluation indicator system of the new quality productive forces, and explored the development process and spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the new quality productive forces in Chinese cities from 2008 to 2021. The results show that the level of new quality productive forces in China and its four regions presents a significant upward trend, and the intraregional differences are declining. There is a spatial heterogeneity in the level of urban new quality productive forces in China, showing a distribution pattern of "high in the east, medium in the central part, and low in the west and northeast". There are significant differences in the level of urban new quality productive forces at different administrative levels, different population sizes, and different levels of per capita GDP. The level of urban new quality productive forces in China has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, the local spatial relationships vary little, and the stable hotspots are distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. The level of independent innovation and human resources in the eastern and central regions is higher than that in the western and northeastern regions, while the development of digital technologies and emerging industries is significantly better in the eastern region than in other regions. By examining the change in the spatial and temporal patterns of China's urban new quality productive forces level, we hope to provide a decision-making reference for optimizing layout and accelerating development of the new quality productive forces.

Digital empowerment for the deep integration of rural culture and tourism is an important initiative for the upgrading of rural industries and the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas in the context of the digital economy. Taking Wusi Village in Zhejiang Province as an example, this study applied the actor network theory to explore the process and mechanism of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment. The results show that: 1) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is a dynamic process in which multiple subjects participate and play with each other in three stages: initial exploration, rapid development, and deep integration. In the process of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village, the village committee continues to play a key role, the role of market players such as cultural and tourism enterprise is gradually increasing, and the degree of association of rural residents with the network of actors is gradually deepening. 2) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is driven by a dynamic circular mechanism consisting of the rural core system and the peripheral system as the integration basis, digital technology and digital platform as the integration support, governmental, societal, and local forces formed by the interaction of multiple actors as the integration actor, and the deep integration of the rural cultural and tourism resources, products, industries, factors, markets, and values as the integration content. 3) The high-level cyclic development of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment is the result of the release of strong effects of both the mechanisms of action and reaction of the integration support and integration actor, and that of the integration actor and integration content. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical experience for the high-quality development of rural digital cultural tourism, the upgrading of rural industries, and comprehensive rural revitalization.

The digital economy is an important driver of the development of the tourism industry. In order to analyze the multidimensional transmission mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on the development of the tourism industry, this study used the panel data of 30 provinces (data of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are temporarily unavailable) in China's mainland from 2012 to 2019, and the panel benchmark regression model, the mediation effect model, and the spatial econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis. The results show that: 1) The digital economy played a significant role in promoting the development of the tourism industry. 2) Consumer demand, technological innovation, and institutional change were the important pathways of the digital economy affecting the development of the tourism industry. Among these three factors, consumer demand and technological innovation had a partial mediation effect, and institutional change had a masking effect. 3) Under the condition of a certain spatial weight, the digital economy had a spatial spillover effect on the development of the tourism industry, and the digital economy had a siphon effect on the development of the tourism industry in the adjacent areas of informatization, but had no obvious spatial spillover effect on the geographically adjacent areas. This paper can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for further deepening the integration of digital economy and tourism industry, and promoting high-quality development of the tourism industry.

In the context of new type urbanization and rural revitalization, multifunctional transformation provides an important path for rural sustainable development. Multifunctional rural development in turn unfolds a powerful entrée into understanding sustainable rural transformation. Employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches, we documented the study hotpots in rural multifunctionality in this review. Foremost, we systematically examined the definition and change of multifunctionality, and collected and analyzed a total of 1385 publications from both the CNKI and WoS databases with the help of the CiteSpace software. This paper provides a panoramic synthesis of the primary research topics related to rural multifunctionality, summarizing current advancements in evaluation measures, evolutionary processes, driving factors, and interactions among various functions, and ultimately delineating prospective research directions for future studies. Overall, The results reveal that the conceptual connotation of rural multifunctionality has been deepening with the transition of rural development from"productivism" to "post-productivism".The research paradigm has also evolved to emphasize interdisciplinary perspectives and the integration of multi-methodological approaches. Future research should further strengthen the integration of scales in assessing rural multifunctionality, the incorporation of diverse evaluation methods, and promote the expansion of social functions assessment, while conducting comparative studies across various regions involving multi-stakeholders. In particular, by summarizing patterns of multifunctional development and transformation under different developmental paths, researchers can extract the transformation and evolution patterns of various types of rural multifunctionality, as well as substantiating pathways for optimizing rural transformation and revitalization under different dominant functions.

A meticulous examination of land use transformation processes and mechanisms within typical suburban villages holds profound implications for the successful execution of rural revitalization strategies and the exploration of sustainable developmental paths. In this study, She Village in Jiangning District of Nanjing City was selected as an example, and literature research, participatory rural appraisal, and GIS spatial analysis methods were used to reveal its apparent and latent land use transition processes from a microscopic perspective in 1980-2020. The results illuminate the following key insights: 1) Within She Village, a substantial transformation in the quantitative composition and spatial arrangement of land use has unfolded. Notably, forested areas and arable land have experienced a persistent decline, while commercial, transportation, and public administration/public service land have shown consistent expansion. Industrial and mining land initially exhibited growth but subsequently witnessed contraction. 2) The land in She Village has experienced a multifaceted functional change. It transitioned from primarily an agricultural production base to an industrial production hub, and ultimately evolved into a tourism-centric locale. Simultaneously, the residential function of this land strengthened continually, albeit at the expense of an initial decline in its ecological function. The result is a complex amalgamation of multifunctional and compounded land uses. 3) The observed transformation of She Village's land uses is a product of the interplay among resource endowments, policy frameworks, market dynamics, and key land use stakeholders. Consequently, the village has evolved from its original identity as a space predominantly for livelihoods and production to one predominantly characterized by consumption. Suburban villages surrounding metropolitan areas have gone through three pivotal stages: agricultural development, industrial expansion, and tourism-oriented service growth. This evolution has engendered a deepening diversification of land use categories, intricate functional amalgamations, and a proliferation of diverse business enterprises. It is paramount to comprehend the synergistic influence of top-down governmental initiatives, intrinsic rural dynamics, and the urban sphere's radiating effects on land use patterns. This comprehension will be instrumental in advancing the initiative of new urbanization and promoting urban-rural integration, thoughtfully tailored to the specific conditions of each locality.

With the penetration of digitalization in the field of environmental activities, digital platforms that use gamification design to motivate daily pro-environmental behavior emerge. Based on the perspective of Nature 2.0 in human geography under the "digital turn", this study took Ant Forest as an example and adopted mixed qualitative research techniques including the walkthrough method, in-depth interview, and diary recording to explore the logic and function of platform gamification design, the spatiotemporal process of users' platform practice, and the construction of "human-platform-environment" relationship. We found that the Ant Forest platform attempts to motivate pro-environmental behavior in daily space through environmental protection in natural space based on gamified design. Ant Forest users embed platform practices in the small interstitial of their spatiotemporal activities, integrating them into their daily lives. The "human-platform-environment" relationship constructed by this process presents the characteristics of "connection" and "fracture". By narrowing the psychological distance between users and natural space, and mobilizing their support and participation in environmental protection, platform practice establishes a connection between users and environmental protection in natural space. However, the tendency of platform practices to follow the trend based on daily habits, rhythms, and considerations of everyday factors, as well as the contradictions inherent in the platform's gamified design, still lead to fracture between platform practices and the pro-environmental behavior of daily space. Through the discussion of this case study, this study expands the research content of human geography around digitalized environmental activities, highlights the outstanding value of combining spatial processes to understand this emerging phenomenon, and also inspires the academic community, policymakers, and managers to treat carefully the actual environmental significance of using gamification design on digital platforms to motivate pro-environmental behaviors.

With the in-depth development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, intelligent manufacturing equipment has become an important force to promote the high-quality development of industry, and the study of its production and supply relationship is of great significance to optimize the distribution of new quality productivity.Based on the data of core enterprises and suppliers in China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from 2010 to 2023, this study explored the spatial change characteristics of production-supply relationships of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from three dimensions: production and supply linkage, production and supply network, and production and supply cluster by Pareto analysis and k-kernel analysis. The results are as follows: 1) The number and intensity of enterprise connections were increasing, and 700-1800 km was the general distance of production and supply connection of intelligent manufacturing equipment enterprises. The pattern of intercity production and supply links evolved from the shape of dual core radiation, triangle, to bow and arrow in China, and there were similarities and differences in the dominant flow of intercity production and supply links. The strong production and supply links between enterprises gradually shifted from intracity to intercity, and the number of export-oriented cities increased rapidly. 2) For more than a decade, the structure of the intercity production and supply network of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has become increasingly compact and complex. After 2015, the city hierarchy of the intercity production and supply network has moved from a "pyramid" to a flat structure. 3) The number of production and supply clusters of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has increased from 21 to 29. The production and supply cluster of the Yangtze River Delta has always maintained a leading position, the production and supply clusters of the Pearl River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Shandong Peninsula have developed steadily, and the status of the production and supply clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing region have significantly improved. The pattern of association of node cities within the clusters can be divided into five types: Single center, one core and multiple subordinates, two cores and multiple subordinates, multi-center, and low-level equilibrium, and the node association patterns within the clusters have showed spatiotemporal heterogeneity from 2010 to 2023.

In recent years, the rapid expansion of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has attracted widespread attention, and a number of studies have systematically analyzed the dynamics of changes in large lakes with areas greater than 1 km². However, the distribution and changes of smaller lakes and ponds formed due to permafrost degradation at the watershed scale have not yet been clarified. In this study, using optical and radar images, we systematically investigated the distribution and changes of lakes and ponds (< 1 km²) in the Three Rivers Source Region and their relationship with permafrost degradation, and for the first time examined the distribution of taliks at the bottom of the lakes and ponds. The results show that: 1) The total area of lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region in the 2020s (2020-2022) amounted to 917.03 km², and the total number of lakes and ponds was 61608. The Yangtze River source area had the highest number of lakes and ponds, reaching 48987, followed by the Yellow River source area with 12459, and the Lancang River source area had the smallest number of lakes and ponds. 2) Compared with the 1960s, the number of lakes and ponds smaller than 1 km² in the Three Rivers Source Region increased by 76% in the 2020s, and the total area increased by 13%. Although the expansion of lakes and ponds in the Yangtze River source area was obvious, some lakes and ponds in the Yellow River source area and the Lancang River source area experienced shrinkage. Of the lakes and ponds observed in the 1960s, 53% still existed in the 2020s. 3) Of the lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region, 80.9% have taliks at their bottoms in winter, including 78.2% in the Yangtze River source area, 90.8% in the Yellow River source area, and 98.7% in the Lancang River source area. In the permafrost zone, half of the lakes and ponds with taliks at their bottoms existed in the 1960s, and fewer new lakes and ponds have taliks at their bottoms in winter. Currently, the extent of floating-ice lakes and ponds is much larger than the extent of grounded-ice lakes and ponds, which may further accelerate the thawing of the underlying permafrost. The findings of this study can provide a basis for analyzing the state of permafrost degradation and contribute to understanding the links between permafrost degradation and the development of thermokarst lakes and ponds, as well as serve as basic data for the study of carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes and ponds in the plateau region.

Scene theory provides a new theoretical perspective for deepening research of cultural and tourism integration. This study used the scene theory as a theoretical analysis tool, summarizing the research value of cultural and tourism scenes, proposing the theoretical connotation and logic of cultural and tourism scenes, and identifying the research direction of cultural and tourism scenes. The research findings are as follows: 1) The research value of cultural and tourism scenes is reflected in placing the cultural and tourism industries in the same dynamic and complete system, and the differentiated scenes formed are conducive to implementing heterogeneous cultural and tourism integrative development strategies. 2) The theoretical connotation of cultural and tourism scenes includes four parts: First, concrete substance is an important foundation for the existence of cultural and tourism scenes. Second, the unique cultural value is contained in cultural and tourism scenes. Third, cultural values are the core components of cultural and tourism scenes. Last, the construction of cultural and tourism scenes becomes the driving force for culture and tourism integration. 3) The theoretical logic of cultural and tourism scenes is formed by the interaction of three dimensions: local originality, symbolic perception, and value expression. 4) Future research on cultural and tourism scenes should focus on the theoretical connotation and contemporary value of cultural and tourism scenes, the expression of cultural value in cultural and tourism scenes, the pattern recognition and operation mechanism of cultural and tourism scenes, and the application of digital technology in cultural and tourism scenes. The research can provide a theoretical basis and scenario application reference for promoting the development of culture and tourism integration.

Urban vitality stands as a pivotal driver underpinning the healthy and sustainable evolution of cities, exerting a direct influence on people's welfare, corporate advancement, and urban competitiveness. Adopting an urban organism viewpoint, we draw inspiration from the "vitality triangle" conceptual model and selected specific evaluation indicators from the three key aspects of growth metabolism, diversity, and mobility. The evaluation indicator system consists of six pivotal dimensions: population, economy, society, governance, environment, and external links. We assessed the vitality levels of 290 cities in China at the prefecture level and above by integrating a variety of data, including points of interest, social platforms, nighttime lighting, Baidu Index, population migration, corporate information, environmental monitoring, land use, population census, and statistics. The study revealed that high-vitality cities are mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region, followed by urban agglomeration areas and provincial capitals. Low-vitality cities are widely distributed in the Northeast region, while cities in the North China Plain area generally exhibit moderate to low levels of vitality. China's urban vitality scores adhere to a power law distribution, accentuating the dominance of a limited subset of cities functioning at heightened vitality levels, while the majority of urban centers demonstrate relatively subdued vitality levels. Cities with large population sizes tend to be more vibrant. Development across the six dimensions showed synergistic effects, displaying spatial variation and agglomeration. Based on dimension scores, Chinese cities fall into five types: high overall vitality, moderately high overall vitality, moderately low overall vitality, government-oriented vitality, and environment-oriented vitality. This research represents a significant contribution to the framework of urban vitality studies, offering a guidance for the advancement and high-quality development of urban vitality in Chinese cities in the post-pandemic context.

In recent years, machine learning models have been widely introduced into spatiotemporal travel behavior modeling and prediction research due to their superior predictive performance and flexibility, but their underlying research framework and technical routes are still unclear. This article reviewed the typical literature published in related fields from 2010 to 2022 to examine the impact of the application of machine learning algorithms on the spatiotemporal travel choice behavior research paradigm, summarize the key issues to be solved in the current application and the potential influencing factors and mechanisms that affect the effectiveness of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior modeling, and foresee the directions to be focused on in future research. The effective application of machine learning algorithms to the study of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior requires not only the support of model architectures and decision mechanisms that fit the decision scenarios, but also to overcome the inherent shortcomings of all learning processes and methods, and fully consider the impact of external research conditions on the simulation and prediction performance of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior. Existing machine learning models can already fit most spatiotemporal travel choice decision scenarios, and diversified and efficient machine learning algorithms will certainly give a strong impetus to the development of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior research. Limited model interpretability remains the fundamental reason why machine learning-based spatiotemporal travel behavior models are difficult to be widely trusted. Facing the opportunities and challenges of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior research in the era of big data, it will be an important development trend to fully integrate the respective advantages of machine learning algorithms and classical decision theories and models, while improving the simulation accuracy and model interpretability of spatiotemporal travel choice behavior.

The establishment of a dry port system is a crucial means for coastal ports to enhance the efficiency of inland cargo circulation and the competitiveness of the supply chain. This study used the theories of port system evolution and push-pull theory to comprehensively analyze the development mechanism of dry ports. It constructed a suitability evaluation indicator system for the selection of dry port sites and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of dry port sites in the hinterland of the Fujian coastal port group, exploring the optimization path for the spatial organization of the dry port system. The results indicate a significant spatial disparity in the suitability of potential dry ports in the hinterland of the Fujian coastal port group. Coastal cities and inland provincial capitals exhibit relatively high suitability, while moderately suitable cities are concentrated in the central and eastern parts of the hinterland. Cities with lower suitability levels are primarily located in the central part of Hubei Province and the western part of Hunan Province. The dry port system in the hinterland of the Fujian coastal port group consists of regional and local dry ports, supplemented by general logistics centers, interconnected through three main transportation channels: the North Line, the Middle Line, and the South Line. Ultimately, enhancing the inland collection and distribution system, optimizing the spatial layout of dry ports, and promoting the joint construction and sharing of facilities are crucial directions for the future spatial organization optimization of the dry port system in the hinterland of the Fujian coastal port group.

China's overseas industrial parks (COIP) are important means for implementing the Belt and Road initiative and vital strategic support for the new development pattern of "dual circulation", and have attracted increasingly more attention from the academic community. To explore the research progress of COIP, this study used the CNKI and Web of Science as data sources and the CiteSpace and VOSviewer visualization software to examine the number and distribution of publications, and identify the research teams and research hotspots of COIP research. It further elaborated on the research progress of COIP from the perspectives of economy and trade, institution and culture, geopolitics, layout and planning, and ecological environment, revealing the current problems of research in COIP and future research priorities. The main conclusions are: 1) The overall number of publications in COIP research shows a trend of first increasing and then declining, which can be divided into three stages: slow growth, rapid rise, and decline. 2) The overall research on COIP has undergone a transformation from a corporate perspective to an industrial park perspective, and then to a development perspective, mainly exploring the development models and characteristics, location choices, spatial planning, institutional culture, and ecological environment of COIP. 3) Research directions for further exploration of COIP may include promoting research on the resilience of COIP, expanding research on the relationship and scale of COIP, strengthening research on the relationship between geo-setting and high-quality development of COIP, and increasing research on the spatial layout of global COIP, as well as research on promoting green, low carbon, and sustainable development of COIP.

Urban affordable housing communities are often located in suburbs, and these large communities have increasingly become focal points in urban social geography research due to the unique social, economic, and cultural attributes of their residents, the impact of affordable housing communities on residents' employment, lifestyle, and behavioral patterns, as well as the urban social-spatial issues such as residential spatial differentiation and resource distribution disparities induced by the construction of affordable housing. To address the deficiencies in relevant existing studies, including the lack of big data, comprehensive samples, and multi-dimensional, small-scale analyses, this study selected Daishan, the largest affordable housing area in Nanjing City, as the research object. Using 21 residential communities (groups) within the area as spatial units, and utilizing mobile user profiles and questionnaire survey data, combined with social, spatial, behavioral, and perceptual factors, this study investigated the social-spatial characteristics and issues of large affordable housing districts on urban outskirts. The findings reveal that the Daishan area exhibits characteristics such as aggregation of vulnerable groups, insufficient service facilities, heavy commuting burdens, and weak community belonging. While the social space across the area is relatively homogeneous, residents of communities with high concentration of public rental housing have the poorest economic conditions. Conversely, areas with better environmental and residential quality tend to house high-income young professionals. Future development in the area must pay attention to potential risks such as the perpetuation of poverty, community decline, and social discrimination. By integrating big data and conventional data sources to explore social spaces on a fine-grained spatial scale, this approach effectively compensates for the deficiencies of traditional data sources, such as socioeconomic statistics and sample questionnaire survey. This enables a nuanced exploration of urban social-spatial phenomena, providing detailed and authentic insights into the complexities and issues within social spaces.