中国特色社会主义进入新时代,城乡发展不平衡、乡村发展不充分等问题日益突出,实施乡村振兴战略是解决人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间矛盾的必然要求。发展乡村旅游能够有力地契合和服务新时代国家发展战略,促进农业提质增效、农民增收致富、农村繁荣稳定,加快统筹城乡融合发展步伐,是实现乡村振兴的重要途径。系统梳理国内外乡村旅游引导乡村振兴的相关研究成果,针对内容深度相对薄弱、功能拓展比较泛化、时代特征不够显著等问题,把握新时代乡村旅游发展的新特点、新使命、新要求,充分考虑中国是一个发展中的经济大国、人口大国、农业大国的基本国情,构建了融合地理学、旅游学、经济学、社会学、管理学等相关学科理论的新时代中国乡村旅游引导乡村振兴的研究框架,归纳了乡村旅游引导乡村振兴的五个重点研究内容,即乡村旅游引导乡村振兴的学理和逻辑机理研究、乡村旅游引导乡村经济振兴的路径研究、乡村旅游引导乡村生态宜居的路径研究、乡村旅游引导乡村治理体系重构的路径研究、乡村旅游引导乡村振兴的政策体系研究。五个重点研究内容包括理论层面、实践层面和保障层面,在相互联系、相互影响、相互作用中共同促进城乡融合发展,实现乡村振兴的科学、持续、健康发展。掌握和运用科学的方法论,汲取科学方法论的智慧和营养,构建多方法综合集成的方法体系,确保数据采集的真实性和数据处理的科学性,是新时代乡村旅游引导乡村振兴研究的关键。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered the new era. Problems such as unbalanced development between urban and rural and inadequate development in rural areas have become increasingly prominent. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is an inevitable requirement for resolving the contradictions between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life. With the rapid advancement of new industrialization and new urbanization, China's rural tourism has entered the era of big tourism instead of small and medium tourism. The development of rural tourism can effectively pursue the development strategy of the country in the new era, promote agricultural quality and efficiency, increase farmers' income, make the countryside prosperous and stable, and speed up the development of urban-rural integration. Therefore, it is an important way to realizing rural revitalization. This paper has reviewed the related research on rural revitalization led by rural tourism at home and abroad. In addition, it has grasped the new characteristics, new missions and new requirements of rural tourism development in the new era. Considering the basic situation of China as a developing economic power, and a large agricultural country with a large population, this paper has constructed a research framework of rural revitalization led by rural tourism in China in the new era, which integrates theories of geography, tourism, economics, sociology, management and other related disciplines. It has summarized the five key research contents of rural revitalization led by rural tourism, which contains study on theory and logic mechanism of rural revitalization led by rural tourism, study on the path of rural economy revitalization led by rural tourism, study on the path of rural ecological livability led by rural tourism, study on the path of reconstruction of rural governance system led by rural tourism and study on the policy system of rural revitalization led by rural tourism. The five key research contents cover the theoretical, practical and safeguard aspects, promote the development of urban-rural integration through interconnection, mutual influence and interaction, and ultimately realize the scientific, sustained, and healthy development of the rural revitalization strategy. In the new era, the key of rural revitalization led by rural tourism is to master and apply scientific methodology, to learn the wisdom and nutrition of scientific methodology, to construct a method system for multi-method comprehensive integration, and to ensure the authenticity of data collection and the scientificalness of data processing.

基于长三角地区1663个3A级旅游景区数据，采用GIS空间分析技术与地理探测器方法，对长三角旅游吸引的城乡空间分异特征及影响因素进行了探究。结果表明：① 长三角旅游吸引物空间分布不均衡性显著，表现出“整体分散，核心集聚”的空间分布特征，“单核、多中心、层级化”的格局特征显著，集聚形态上呈现出明显的“核心-边缘”结构；② 城区吸引物集聚程度高于乡村地区，省域间城乡吸引物分布各有侧重，根据景区丰度指数可将长三角41市划分为“城乡双高型”“城区集聚型”“乡村集聚型”和“城乡双低型”4类旅游地；③ 长三角旅游吸引物城乡分异特征主要是由自然、经济、社会三大因素互相交织、共同作用的结果，但城乡吸引物的空间格局影响因素存在显著差异。

This article based on the data of 1663 3A tourist attractions in the Yangtze River Delta region, the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism attraction between urban and rural areas in the Yangtze River Delta region were explored by using GIS spatial analysis technology and geographic detector method. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of tourism attractions in the Yangtze River Delta is significantly unbalanced, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of ‘overall dispersion, core agglomeration’, the pattern of ‘single-core, multi-center, hierarchical’ is significant, and the agglomeration form shows an obvious ‘core-edge’ structure. 2) The degree of urban attraction concentration is higher than that of rural areas, and the distribution of urban and rural attractions between provinces has different emphasis. According to the scenic abundance index, 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta can be divided into four types: ‘Urban & rural double-high type’ ‘urban agglomeration type’ ‘rural agglomeration type’ and ‘urban & rural double-low type’. 3) The urban-rural differentiation of tourism attractions in the Yangtze River Delta is mainly the result of the interaction of natural, economic and social factors, but there are significant differences in the strength of the influencing factors of the spatial pattern of urban and rural attractions. The results will provide a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial structure of tourism attractions in the Yangtze River Delta, promoting the optimal allocation of regional urban and rural tourism elements, and promoting the balanced development of tourism integration.

Tourism’s relationship with income inequality is a hot spot in the academic community; however, few studies focus on how tourism shapes rural income inequality, despite its significant role in rural poverty alleviation. This article investigates the nonlinear effects of tourism on urban–rural income inequality and rural income inequality based on data from China’s provincial regions over the period 1995–2018, using the dynamic panel data approach. This study further examines the regional heterogeneity of such effects. The results demonstrate that for the national sample, there exists a significant cubic curve relationship between domestic tourism and rural income inequality. However, inbound tourism’s relationship with rural income inequality is not significant. Besides, there exists an N-shaped Kuznets curve between domestic or inbound tourism and urban–rural income inequality. The effects of tourism on rural income inequality and urban–rural income inequality vary significantly across the eastern, middle, and western regions. From east to middle to west, the significance of inbound tourism’s influence on income inequality decreases gradually. This study also highlights some critical theoretical and practical implications. Unlike prior studies, this article builds the first comprehensive research framework consisting of tourism, rural income inequality, and urban–rural income inequality.

We show that tourism to a World Heritage Area generates economic opportunities in nearby rural communities, sufficient to reverse migration to the city. To carry out this test, we used an isolated region with a simple economic structure and a newly declared WHA, and analyzed economic constraints, opportunities, and decision processes at the micro scale of individual households, through qualitative analysis of interviews and on-site audits. Tourism triggered a switch from accelerating decline of rural villages, with closing schools and abandoned buildings and farmland, to accelerating recovery and reinvigoration, with new ecolodges and adventure tours employing household members and other local residents. The switch was assisted by low-interest ecotourism loans. It has also generated new economic opportunities for women specifically, and these have created much greater social freedom and self-determination, now also accepted by men.

随着我国旅游业的兴起，人们越来越认识到旅游在消除贫困上的潜力和能力，然而，要让旅游真正朝着有利于消除贫困的方向发展，必须对旅游的发展方式加以调整，因地制宜地选择旅游扶贫的模式。本文构建了三江源地区各县贫困程度和旅游资源禀赋评价指标体系，定量测度了各评价区的贫困度和旅游资源禀赋综合得分，并采用四象限法划分出资高贫低、双高、双低、资低贫高4种旅游扶贫类型区，在此基础上，提出适用于整个三江源地区的旅游扶贫基本模式为政府主导模式，以及各类型区的旅游扶贫辅助模式，即资高贫低区的政企合作模式，双高区的项目推动模式，双低区的产业联动模式，资低贫高区的大区带动模式。

Nowadays, Poverty is one of the biggest challenges worldwide. As a developing country, China is committing itself to alleviating poverty over vast western regions and remote mountainous areas. Specific functions and potential of developing tourism industries on alleviating poverty has been increasingly recognized. However, developing tourism resources without considering corresponding socio-economic factors does not necessarily lead to successfully alleviating poverty. Only through appropriately adjusting the development mode for tourism industries and suiting existing measures to specific conditions on endowments, development stages, locations and other socio-economic factors involved for a specific area can poverty alleviation be really achieved in a rational and effective way. In this paper, the authors performed a study on the mode for poverty alleviation through developing tourism resources over the Sanjiangyuan region (the source regions of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River) in Qinghai province, a typical ethnic poverty area located in the south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This area administratively consists of 16 counties and 1 town, covering an area of 36.3 km² and having a population of 650,000, including 540,400 minorities. In year 2007, mean annual net income per capita of the rural residents in this region was 2, 267 RMB, which was only equal to a half of the national average. An evaluation index system about the degree of poverty and an evaluation model about the endowment of tourism resources for each county in the Sanjiangyuan region were developed in succession. The evaluation index system about the degree of poverty consists of 21 indices which primarily encompasses four major aspects, i.e., economy, resources, society and population. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was adopted to identify primary influencing factors for the evaluation system. Also, a weighting summation involved in the evaluation model was used to quantify the quantity and rank of tourism resources. In terms of the evaluation results, four sub-regions, i.e., rich in resources and low poverty degree (RL), rich in resources and high poverty degree (RH), deficient in resources and low poverty degree (DL), and deficient in resources and high poverty degree (DH), were subsequently categorized with a four-quadrant method. From the evaluation results and a qualitative analysis given in this paper, it was suggested that the mode in which the government plays a leading role in realizing the goals of eliminating poverty through developing tourism industries in the Sanjiangyuan region should be taken as the first priority. Supplementary modes for different sub-regions were also put forward. The mode for developing tourism resources through the cooperation between the government and enterprise is basically for the RL, following as the project-driven mode for the RH, the industry linkage mode for the DL, and the big region-driven mode for the DH.

面向快速城镇化进程中乡村地域日益复杂的人地关系,乡村重构成为地理学研究的重要前沿课题。乡村重构即行为主体通过优化配置和有效管理影响乡村发展的物质和非物质要素,重构乡村社会经济形态和优化地域空间格局的过程。本文在已有研究基础上,基于乡村地域系统的“要素—结构—功能”视角,从乡村重构的行为主体、价值取向和目标定位等方面进一步阐释了乡村重构的概念内涵,剖析了由诱发机制、支撑机制、约束/促进机制、引导机制、引擎机制构成的乡村重构作用机制框架。最后,基于政府行为对推动城乡资源要素优化配置和乡村重构的引领作用,认为有必要重构乡村社会经济的政府干预框架,并对未来中国乡村重构需进一步重点关注的研究内容展开探讨。

With its focus on the increasingly complicated human-environment relationship under the background of rapid urbanization, rural restructuring study has become an important frontier research area of geography. Rural restructuring is a process of reshaping the socioeconomic forms and spatial patterns in rural areas in respond to the changes of factors both internal and external of the system, by optimally allocating and efficiently managing the material and non-material elements of rural development. It aims at ultimately optimizing the structures and improving the functions within rural territorial systems as well as realizing the structural coordination and functional complementation between urban and rural territorial system. Based on the perspective of "elements-structure-function" of rural territorial system, this article first elaborated the concept of rural restructuring from the aspects of behavioral mainstream, value system, and targets. Then, a framework of rural restructuring mechanism was analyzed, which consisted of inducing mechanism, supporting mechanism, constraining/promoting mechanism, guiding mechanism, and driving mechanism. Furthermore, in view of the guiding role of governments in optimal allocation of critical resources and rural restructuring, this article argued that it is necessary to restructure the contours of state intervention in rural societies and economies. Finally, the research contents of rural restructuring in the future were prospected.

新型城镇化和乡村振兴两大国家战略有机结合并进行城乡共治是实现城乡融合的关键。通过分析新型城镇化和乡村振兴研究文献,认为新型城镇化与乡村振兴战略结合应聚焦两大战略的共生效应,科学评价城乡耦合程度,明确城乡融合的时空格局,提炼两大战略的耦合机制。要实现城乡融合,需要深入探究新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略的结合点和时空差异,以问题为导向进行学科交叉,从空间、经济、社会3方面入手,厘清城乡在行政管理、土地、户籍和社会保障制度间的关系,倡导多维制度联动改革,从国家、省域、城市、县域、乡镇到社区,通过多尺度整合,重构城乡融合的理论,激发以社区为核心的基层治理活力,进而创新中国城乡共治的模式。

It is the key to achieving the aim of rural-urban integration that combine the two national strategies of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization, and carry out collaborative governance of urban and rural areas. By analyzing the progresses of the studies on the new-type urbanization and rural revitalization, it is pointed out that the coupling of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization strategy should clarify the symbiosis effect of two strategies, and scientifically evaluate the coupling degree of urban and rural areas, then discover the spatio-temporal pattern of rural-urban integration. In order to realize rural-urban integration, it is necessary to explore the combination and spatio-temporal differences of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization strategies. According to conducting interdisciplinary methods to study the relations among the urban and rural administrative management system, the land system, the household registration system as well as the social security system, this article advocates multidimensional system reform from three perspectives of space, economy and society. Reconstructing the theory of rural-urban integration will be based on a whole analysis from the national, provincial, city to community scales. Community-centered governance is significant for rural-urban integration.

城乡要素流动贯穿城乡发展全过程，是构建城乡能否实现融合发展的核心，探究城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合发展的作用机制，能够为城乡融合发展破局提供科学指导。论文基于TOPSIS模型对全国292个城市的城乡融合发展水平进行评价，采用普通最小二乘法(OLS)和地理加权回归(GWR)模型探究城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合的影响机制。研究结果表明：① 中国城市层面的城乡融合发展水平存在较大空间分异特征，达到深度融合水平的多为经济发达城市。相较而言，东部地区的城乡融合发展最为平衡。② 全局上看，土地要素与人才要素的流动对城乡融合发展的影响最为显著，且两者驱动作用为负；局部上看，各城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响具有明显的地域差异性。③ 土地要素流失使乡村失去了生产要素和发展空间，而人才要素无有效路径回流至乡村，使其限制了城乡融合；政府投资促进实体要素集聚并降低要素流动成本，城乡产业实现分工协作、功能互补，信息要素有效流动降低其他实体要素配置成本并提高配置效率，这益于城乡融合。

The flow of urban and rural elements runs through the entire process of urban and rural development and is the core of achieving urban and rural integration. Exploring the mechanism of influence of urban-rural element flow on urban-rural integrated development can provide a scientific guidance for breaking the plight of urban-rural integrated development. Based on the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model, this study evaluated the development level of urban-rural integration in 292 cities across China, and used the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to explore the impact mechanism of urban-rural element flow on urban-rural integration. The results show that: 1) There are large spatial differences in the level of urban-rural integrated development at the city level in China. Most of the cities that have reached the level of deep urban-rural integration are economically developed. In general, the eastern region has the most balanced urban-rural integration. 2) Overall, the flow of land elements and population elements has the most significant impact on the urban-rural integrated development, and the driving effects of the two are negative. Locally, the influence of the flow of various urban-rural elements on the urban-rural integrated development has obvious regional differences. 3) The loss of land elements of the countryside causes loss of production elements and development space in these areas, and the lost talents have no effective way to return to the countryside, which limits urban-rural integrated development. Government investment promotes the agglomeration of elements and reduces the cost of element flow, urban and rural industries achieve division of labor and complement each other in functions, and the effective flow of information elements reduces allocation costs and improves allocation efficiency of other elements, which are beneficial to urban-rural integration.

城市与乡村始终是一个不可分割的有机融合体,高质量的新型城镇化过程就是城乡融合发展与乡村振兴过程。“城市病”因乡村病而生,“乡村病”也因城市病而生,“城市病”与“乡村病”同病相连,互为病因,复合叠加形成“城乡病”,根治“城市病”必须通过乡村振兴,根治“乡村病”也必须通过新型城镇化。本文在对国内外城乡融合发展研究综述的基础上,从理论层面分析了城乡病理病根及对立格局,解析了城乡融合发展的主控要素、驱动机制、城乡融合发展的规律性和持续性,构建城乡融合发展测度试验系统,提出了城乡多融合发展的三角模式,验证了中国城乡融合发展正处在城镇化后期城多乡少的高度融合阶段,未来将迈入城镇化终期城多乡少的深度融合阶段。从政策层面分析了中华人民共和国成立以来国家有关城乡发展政策的演进路径,总体经历了从城乡二元发展、城乡协调发展、城乡统筹发展、到城乡一体化发展、再到城乡融合发展的政策演进过程,这些政策对推动新型城镇化和乡村振兴发挥了重要指导作用。从路径层面建议合并召开中央城乡工作会议,合并编制《国家城乡融合发展规划》,实施城乡深度融合发展战略,把新型城镇化与乡村振兴同时作为解决城乡病、提升城乡发展质量的两种不同手段,创新城乡融合发展理论与方法,构建评估体系定量评判城乡融合发展程度,建设美丽城市和美丽乡村。推动新型城镇化与乡村振兴向高度同步化、深度融合化和共荣化方向发展,同步提升城市发展质量和乡村发展质量,同步实现城市现代化和乡村现代化。

Urban and rural areas are always an inseparable organic integration, and the high-quality new urbanization is the process of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. "urban disease" and "rural disease" are connected with each other, and are the causes of each other, which are known as "urban and rural diseases". The radical cure of "urban disease" and "rural disease" requires rural revitalization and new urbanization. Based on the review of the research on urban-rural integration development at home and abroad, this study analyzes the pathological roots and opposition pattern of urban and rural areas from the theoretical level, explores the main controlling factors, driving mechanism, sustainability and four-stage regularity of urban-rural integration development, constructs the measurement test system of urban-rural integration development, and puts forward the triangular model of urban-rural multi-integration development. It is known that the urban-rural integration development in China is in the high integration stage of more towns and less villages in the late urbanization, and will enter the deep integration stage of more towns and less villages, namely the final stage of urbanization. This study explores the policy evolution path of urban-rural integration development in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. China has generally experienced the policy evolution process from urban-rural coordinated development to the integration of urban-rural development and then to urban-rural integration development, and played an important guiding role in promoting new urbanization and rural revitalization. From the path level, it is suggested that the Central Urban and Rural Work Conference should be jointly convened, the National Urban-Rural Integration Development Plan should be jointly compiled, and the strategy of deep integration of urban-rural development should be implemented. The new urbanization and rural revitalization should be used as two different means to solve urban and rural diseases and improve the quality of urban and rural development. The theory and method of urban-rural integration development should be innovated, and the evaluation system should be constructed to quantitatively evaluate the depth of urban-rural integration development and build beautiful cities and beautiful villages. We should promote the development of new urbanization and rural revitalization in the direction of high synchronization, deep integration and co-prosperity, as well as improve the quality of urban and rural development and realize urban and rural modernization in a comprehensive way.

城乡一体化对中国乡村振兴和城市—区域可持续发展的有效落实有重要意义,但当前快速城镇化发展进程中涌现了一批收缩型城市,其城乡一体化发展有什么特征、城市收缩是否对城乡一体化产生影响、产生什么样的影响等,成为新时期推进全民共同富裕目标研究中的核心科学问题。论文据此基于“城镇发展带动—产业发展与投入城乡协调—推进基本公共服务均衡和城乡收入差距缩小”的“动力—路径—目标”对城乡一体化内涵进行界定、构建评价指标体系,并以东北三省为例,从收缩城市与非收缩城市、收缩城市不同发展阶段、不同发展类型视角,对2010—2019年期间的城乡关系展开实证分析。结果表明：① 东北三省城乡一体化发展情况整体呈上升趋势,但整体发展水平较低且内部空间分异明显。② 城市收缩对城乡一体化发展表征出较为明显的影响,收缩城市的城乡一体化水平整体较非收缩城市要低、城乡二元结构特征更为明显。③ 收缩城市的城乡一体化发展水平存在收缩类型、收缩发展阶段的差异性：其城乡一体化水平由收缩初期阶段向收缩后期阶段逐渐降低,收缩类型上表征出资源依赖型收缩城市<综合型收缩城市<虹吸型收缩城市<区位制约型收缩城市的发展特征。故此得出收缩城市源于发展要素被“空间剥夺”而对城乡一体化发展产生影响,收缩城市的涌现不利于区域协调、城乡一体化融合发展,东北振兴中应充分考虑收缩城市的可持续发展问题。

Urban-rural integration has great significance for the effective implementation of rural revitalization and urban sustainable development in China, but shrinking cities have emerged in the process of rapid urbanization. Characteristics of urban-rural integration development of shrinking cities and the impact of urban shrinkage on urban-rural integration have become one of the core scientific issues to be addressed in the current research on promoting the goal of common prosperity in China. This study constructed an evaluation indicator system based on the definition of urban-rural integration, with the driving force-pathway-goal of "urban development driven-coordination of urban and rural investment-promoting the balance of basic public services and narrowing urban-rural income gaps". It took the three northeastern provinces as examples and conducted an empirical analysis of urban-rural relationship in 2010-2019 from the perspective of shrinking cities and non-shrinking cities, different development stages, and different development types of shrinking cities. The results show that: 1) The overall development of urban-rural integration in the three northeastern provinces showed an upward trend, but the development level is still low and the internal spatial differentiation is obvious. 2) Urban shrinkage has an obvious impact on urban-rural integration, and the overall level of urban-rural integration in shrinking cities is lower than that of non-shrinking cities. Urban and rural dual structure is more obvious in shrinking cities. 3) Urban-rural integration development level shows differences in cities of different shrinkage types and shrinkage development stages. The level of urban-rural integration decreased gradually from pre-shrinkage stage to post-shrinkage stage, and resource-dependent shrinking cities < comprehensive shrinking cities < "siphon" shrinking cities < location-constrained shrinking cities. Therefore, this study concluded that shrinking cities are affected by the "spatial deprivation" of development factors on urban-rural integration development. The emergence of shrinking cities is not conducive to regional coordination and the integration of urban and rural development, and the sustainable development of shrinking cities should be fully considered in the revitalization of Northeast China.

打造高品质旅游集聚地并构建多站点景区游览环线是推进全域旅游发展的重要突破口。论文基于2006&#x02014;2018年288个城市评选的最高级别景区&#x02014;&#x02014;&#x0201c;5A&#x0201d;景区的数据,将&#x0201c;5A&#x0201d;景区划分为自然类、人文类、综合类3类,借助ArcGIS、Stata等工具探索了&#x0201c;5A&#x0201d;景区的空间分布特征,并利用动态空间面板模型定量探讨了高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响及其空间效应。研究发现,首先,中国&#x0201c;5A&#x0201d;景区存在&#x0201c;东中集聚、区域失衡、禀赋不一&#x0201d;的空间分布特征,综合类景区数量严重不足。其次,高级别景区能显著推动本城市的旅游发展,并存在显著的空间合作与空间竞争效应。其中,同省邻近城市的高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响表现为空间竞争效应,且主要表现为对同类型景区间的竞争,竞争范围为0~400 km;跨省邻近城市的高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响表现为空间合作效应,且主要表现为不同类型景区间的合作与互补,最优合作范围为200~400 km。最后,对比各省域内部景区空间分布发现,同一省域内城市多以自然类或人文类&#x0201c;5A&#x0201d;景区中的某一类景区为主,即同一省域内部可能存在针对同类景区的同质化竞争问题。研究结论将为旅游资源的空间配置和空间优化提供经验证据。

Building high-quality tourist clusters and creating multi-site scenic tour routes and loops are important breakthroughs in promoting the development of global tourism. Based on the data of "5A" scenic spots—the highest-level scenic spots—selected from 288 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2018, this study divided these sites into three categories: natural, humanistic, and comprehensive. With the help of ArcGIS and Stata, this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of the "5A" scenic spots and quantitatively analyzed the impact and spatial effects of high-level scenic spots on tourism development of cities by using a dynamic spatial panel model. The study found that: First, "5A" scenic spots distribution showed spatial imbalance, agglomerated mainly in the eastern and central regions. Resource endowments differ great across regions, and the number of comprehensive scenic spots is seriously insufficient. Second, high-level scenic spots can significantly promote the development of tourism in cities, and have significant effects of spatial cooperation and spatial competition. Specifically, high-level scenic spots in adjacent cities of the same province have a spatial competitive effect on the cities' tourism development, and the main competition range is 0-400 km; while high-level scenic spots in adjacent cities across provinces have a spatial cooperation effect on the cities' tourism development, and the optimal cooperation range is 200-400 km. In the meantime, competition mainly occurs between the same type of scenic spots, and cooperation mainly occurs between different types of scenic spots. Finally, comparing the spatial distribution of scenic spots within each province, this study found that the scenic spots in the same province are mainly natural or humanistic "5A" scenic spots, which means that there may be competition between similar scenic spots within the same province due to their homogeneity. The conclusions of this research provide empirical evidence for the spatial allocation and spatial optimization of tourism resources.

城市为旅游发展提供支撑,其韧性水平对区域旅游发展具有重要的影响。论文利用长三角城市群各地区2004&#x02014;2018年的面板数据,在定量测算城市韧性的基础上,借助空间面板杜宾模型揭示城市韧性对旅游经济的空间溢出效应。结果显示：长三角各地区城市韧性水平空间差异显著,但总体上韧性水平呈现上升趋势。城市韧性与旅游经济之间存在较强的空间相关性,城市韧性对旅游经济具有显著的空间溢出效应(&#x003c1;=0.444,P&lt;0.01)。其中,城市经济韧性和城市生态韧性对旅游经济具有正向溢出效应,城市社会韧性和城市工程韧性对旅游经济具有负向溢出效应。未来城市旅游发展需要关注城市韧性水平,注重城市韧性的空间溢出效应,避免虹吸效应,同时还需要加强长三角城市群区域间交流合作,促进旅游经济高质量发展。

Cities provide support for tourism and their resilience level has an important impact on regional tourism development. Based on the panel data of various regions of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2004 to 2018 and the quantitative assessment of urban resilience, the spatial spillover effect of urban resilience on tourism economy was revealed by using the spatial panel Durbin model. The results show that the spatial difference of urban resilience level is significant, but the overall resilience level is on the rise. There is a strong spatial correlation between urban resilience and tourism economy, and urban resilience has a significant spatial spillover effect on tourism economy (ρ=0.444, P<0.01). Among the resilience dimensions, urban economic resilience and urban ecological resilience have positive spillover effects on tourism economy, while urban social resilience and urban engineering resilience have negative spillover effects on tourism economy. In the future, the development of urban tourism needs to pay attention to the level of urban resilience and its spatial spillover effects, and avoid the siphon effect. It is also necessary to strengthen regional exchanges and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration to promote the high quality development of tourism economy.

旅游开发提高非物质文化遗产的自我生存能力,使其摆脱濒危的困境,是非物质文化遗产保护与利用的重要方式。本文对非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发研究进行梳理,在此基础上,构建了非物质文化遗产资源旅游开发价值评价指标体系,即由资源禀赋条件、可展示与体验性、遗产地旅游发展条件3个方面的要素组成,并以非物质文化遗产资源富集的苏州为例,对省级以上非物质文化遗产进行了评价,共评出三级旅游资源3项、二级旅游资源16项、一级旅游资源29项。主要结论为：产品衍生性、展示适宜性、是否具备可观赏性、遗产保护情况决定了非物质文化遗产资源是否能够成为旅游资源;可展示与体验性决定了非物质文化遗产旅游资源的旅游开发价值水平高低。手工艺类、民俗类非物质文化遗产具有较高的旅游开发价值,民间文学、传统体育游艺与杂技和传统医药的旅游可开发性较差。本文构建的非物质文化遗产旅游开发价值评价体系可为旅游地进行非物质文化遗产资源筛选和旅游开发提供科学依据。

Tourism development is an important way to protect and utilize intangible cultural heritage resources. This study defined the concept of intangible cultural heritage resource tourism development, discussed the characteristics of intangible tourism resources, and formed the indicator system of intangible cultural heritage resource development potential based on characteristics of the resources, including resource endowment, possibility for visual display and experience, tourism development conditions in the heritage site, and other factors. Indicators of the evaluation include value of the heritage, cultural influence of the heritage, inheritance status, innovation ability, product derivation, tourist experience, visual display, target group attracted, and other influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage resource development. A total of 28 indicators and indices were selected and organized into five levels, including target, comprehensive evaluation, element evaluation, factor evaluation, and evaluation indicator, and they were weighted. The three comprehensive evaluation indices are experience (with a weight of 0.4211), tourism development conditions in the heritage site (with a weight of 0.3504), and resource endowment (with a weight of 0.2285), indicating that visual display and experience of resources is the most important factor influencing the potential of intangible cultural heritage resource tourism development. For the operationalization of the indicator system, a resource scoring table was put forward. Taking Suzhou City as an example, intangible cultural heritage resources of the provincial level and above were evaluated, among which three were classified as level three tourism resources, 16 as level two tourism resources, and 29 as level one tourism resources, and 41 are without value for tourism development. The results show that derivative products, suitability for visual display, level of appeal, and heritage protection situation produce an effect on whether the intangible resources can become tourist resources; comprehensive evaluation decisively influences the potential of tourism resources for tourism development. Intangible cultural heritage of handicraft and folk custom are of high tourism development potential and intangible cultural heritage resource of folklore, traditional sports and entertainment, acrobatics and traditional medicine are of low tourism development potential. Empirical research proves that the intangible cultural heritage resource tourism development potential indicator system developed in this research is useful and can provide scientific support for tourism destinations to assess intangible cultural heritage resources and develop tourism.

乡村人口与土地利用方式变革压力下,构建恢复力已成为保障区域社会—生态系统可持续发展的有效举措。以陕西省米脂县高渠乡为研究区,从社会、经济、制度、生态4个维度,运用熵权TOPSIS法对黄土丘陵沟壑区20个乡村的社区恢复力进行测度,探讨了2015—2019年社区恢复力的时空演变;利用障碍度模型分析了社区恢复力关键影响因子作用机制,并通过比较当前关键影响因子所处维度,将社区划分为不同类型,实现社区的分类治理。结果表明：①（① “四会”指村民议事会、红白理事会、道德评议会、禁毒禁赌会。） 研究期间社区恢复力由0.171提升到0.318,其中经济恢复力上升较为明显,制度、生态恢复力呈小幅提高,而社会恢复力则表现为下降;社区恢复力空间分异更加显著,呈现为“中部高、边缘低”的分布格局。② 研究期末社区恢复力关键影响因素中,经济维度有养殖业发展水平、种植业发展水平、农业产业化带动农户数、农民人均收入;制度维度为基层领导平均受教育年限、公平性管制、村民参与决策机会;社会维度为乡村公共空间比例、流动人口比例;生态维度为“三田”面积占比。③ 通过当前社区恢复力关键影响因子各维度障碍度大小排序,依次识别经济、制度、社会、生态恢复力低值区,最终将高渠乡20个乡村社区划分为3类,结合不同类型乡村社区的特点提出相应对策建议,以期为精准化、差异化管理提供决策参考。

Under the pressure of rural population and land-use change, the building of resilience has become an effective measure to ensure the sustainable development of regional social-ecological systems. Taking Gaoqu Township in Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province as the research area and using entropy weight TOPSIS method, this research measured the community resilience of 20 villages in the loess hilly-gully region from four dimensions of society, economy, institution, and ecology. The spatiotemporal change of community resilience from 2015 to 2019 was discussed; the impact mechanism of key influencing factors of community resilience was analyzed by using the obstacle degree model, and the dimensions of the current key factors were compared to divide the case study communities into different types for differentiated governance. The results show that: First, community resilience increased from 0.171 to 0.318 during the research period. Economic resilience increased significantly, institutional and ecological resilience increased only slightly, while social resilience decreased. The spatial variation of community resilience became more significant and shows a distribution pattern of "high in the middle and low in the peripheries". Second, the key influencing factors of community resilience at the end of the research period include the development level of animal husbandry and cropping, the number of farming households participated in agricultural industrialization, and per capita income of farmers in the economic dimension; the average years of education of local leaders, fairness in governance, and farmers' opportunity of participating in decision making in the institutional dimension; the proportion of rural public space and the proportion of migrant population in the social dimension; and the proportion of the area of irrigated land, terrace, and dammed land in the ecological dimension. Third, according to the obstacle degree ranking of the dimensions of the key influencing factors, the low-value communities of economic, institutional, social, and ecological resilience are identified successively. Finally, the 20 rural communities in Gaoqu were divided into three types, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward according to the characteristics of the different types of rural communities, aiming to provide a reference for the decision making of precision and differentiated management.

探索韧性和效率的相互作用关系和协同演化特征,对中国海洋渔业经济可持续发展研究具有科学参考价值。以2000&#x02014;2019年中国沿海11个省份为研究区域,采用熵值-Topsis模型、超效率SBM模型分别测度中国海洋渔业经济韧性与效率,并通过哈肯模型刻画二者的协同演化特征。结果表明：① 海洋渔业经济效率作为协同演化的序参量,主导中国海洋渔业经济可持续发展,随着中国海洋经济向高质量转型,韧性作用愈加突显;② 海洋渔业经济韧性与效率协同演化时空差异显著,两极分化格局依旧存在,区域间合作不足,协同演化呈现由初级阶段向高级阶段、单极化向多极化格局演化的趋势;③ 整体上中国海洋渔业经济韧性与效率协同演化呈现正向效应,但政策选择、产业结构等因素使得天津、上海协同演化存在偏向效应,形成海洋渔业经济水平低但协同值高的错配发展;④ 研究期内协同演化呈现波动上升的特征,采用聚类分析将协同演化分为四类,高级协同阶段（0.824~0.964）为山东、福建,较高级协同阶段（0.784~0.823）为天津、上海、浙江及广西,中级协同阶段（0.502~0.771）为辽宁、江苏、广东和海南,初级协同阶段（0.411）为河北。韧性和效率的协同作用表明中国海洋渔业经济发展需培育内生动力,在既有产业基础、技术水平下构建多元化产业体系,在维持经济高效运转的前提下,加强经济韧性,推动海洋渔业经济可持续发展。

Exploring the interaction and synergistic evolution characteristics of resilience and efficiency provides important reference for promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery economy. Taking 11 coastal provincial-level regions of China from 2000 to 2019 as the study area, entropy-Topsis model and super-efficiency SBM model are used to measure China's marine fishery economic resilience and efficiency respectively, and the Haken models are used to describe their synergistic evolution characteristics. The results show that: (1) Marine fishery economic efficiency, as the order parameter of synergistic evolution, dominates the sustainable development of China's marine fishery economy. With the high-quality transformation of China's marine economy, the role of resilience is becoming more and more prominent. (2) There is a significant spatio-temporal difference in the synergistic evolution of marine fishery economic resilience and efficiency, the polarization pattern still exists, the inter-regional cooperation is insufficient, and the synergistic evolution tends to evolve from the primary stage to the advanced stage and from single polarization to multi-polarization. (3) On the whole, the synergistic evolution of China's marine fishery economic resilience and efficiency shows a positive effect, but the synergistic evolution of Tianjin and Shanghai has a bias effect due to the factors such as policy choice and industrial structure, resulting in a mismatch development with low economic level but high coordination value of marine fishery economy. (4) During the study period, the synergistic evolution showed the characteristics of fluctuation and rise, and the synergistic evolution was divided into four types by cluster analysis. Shandong and Fujian were developing in the high-level synergistic stage (0.824-0.964); Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Guangxi were in the higher-level synergistic stage (0.784-0.823); Liaoning, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Hainan were in the intermediate synergistic stage (0.502-0.771); and Hebei was in the primary synergistic stage (0.411). The synergistic effect of resilience and efficiency shows that China should cultivate a endogenous power, construct a diversified industrial system under the existing industrial foundation and technological level, and strengthen economic resilience on the premise of maintaining economic and efficient operation, to promote the sustainable development of marine fishery economy.

运用哈肯模型对影响中国区域经济协同发展的驱动因素进行实证研究,以发现控制区域经济系统演化的序参量。分析了区域经济协同发展的内涵及基本特征,从区域比较优势(RCA)、区域经济联系(RER)和区域产业分工(RID)三个方面解析了区域经济协同发展的驱动因素;运用协同学中的哈肯模型对1992-2001年、2002-2011年20年间中国29省市经济协同发展驱动因素进行分阶段序参量识别,结果表明：中国区域经济协同发展的序参量由1992-2001年的RCA转变为2002-2011年的RCA和RID,表明中国进入协同发展新阶段;后10年（2002-2011年）与前10年（1992-2001年）相比,呈现出以下特征：市场分割程度降低,协同发展环境得到优化;区域经济协同发展从初级阶段跃升至中级阶段;中西部地区后发优势逐步显现,三大地区梯级差异缩小。

In recent years, regional economic pattern in China is transforming from single growth pole to multi growth poles, which means that regional economic synergistic development in China has reached a new level and related research on synergistic development has raised wide attention. Meanwhile, as the basic theory of regional economic synergistic development, synergetics is credible in explaining economic problems and Haken model, an important model of synergetics, is of interdisciplinary innovation and great applicability. Thus. Haken model is used to discuss the driving forces of regional economic synergistic development in China, aiming at finding the order parameter of systematic evolution. <br/>Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the connotation and characteristics of regional economic synergistic development and explains the driving factors from three aspects: regional comparative advantage (RCA), regional economic relation (RER), and regional industrial division (RID). Secondly, Haken model is used to find the order parameter from the three above-mentioned driving forces of regional economic synergistic development in China based on the panel data of 29 provinces in the last two decades (1992-2001 & 2002-2011). Model results show: the order parameter of regional economic synergistic development in China has changed from RCA in the first stage to RCA&RID in the second stage, reflecting better regional economic synergistic development; moreover, several characteristics are shown in the last decade (2002-2011) according to the comparison of the observed two decades: regional economic relation has been intensified and market segmentation has improved, indicating superior environment of regional economic synergistic development; regional economic synergistic development level in China has risen from primary level to intermediate level; the advantage of backwardness in central and western regions of China has been intensified gradually, also, the gradient difference of the three regions has been reduced.

基本公共服务与经济耦合协调度发展是包容性增长的重要内容。论文运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和核密度估计方法,研究粤港澳大湾区2009&#x02014;2019年基本公共服务与经济发展耦合协调的时空特征。结果表明：① 基本公共服务与经济发展综合水平均呈现波动上升趋势,但具有明显的阶段性特征,且二者发展不完全同步。② 基本公共服务与经济发展耦合作用强,协调性逐渐改善,但耦合协调等级没有发生跃迁,始终为勉强耦合协调类型,形成外围低中心高的空间格局。③ 11个城市耦合协调亚类型异质性明显,外围的江门、惠州、肇庆均属于经济发展滞后型。分区域看,经济发展滞后型主要分布在研究区西部(澳珠中江),基本公共服务滞后型主要集中在研究区东部(深港莞惠)和中部(广佛肇)。④ 低值区耦合协调度呈上升趋势,高值区城市之间的差异性在逐渐缩小,高值区与低值区城市间形成了两极分化现象。该成果能为相关部门在制定粤港澳大湾区经济与基本公共服务建设协调政策时提供理论依据。

Coordinated development of basic public services and the economy is an important part of inclusive growth. Based on entropy method, coupled coordination degree model and Kernel density estimation method, this paper studies the spatio-temporal characteristics of coupling coordination between basic public services and economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2009 to 2019. The results show that: 1) The comprehensive level of basic public services and economic development shows an upward trend of fluctuation, but with obvious stage characteristics, and the development of the two is not completely synchronous. 2) Basic public services and economic development have a strong coupling effect, and their coordination is gradually improved. However, there is no transition in the level of coupling coordination, which is always a kind of forced coupling coordination, forming a spatial pattern of low peripheral and high center. 3) The oupling coordination subtype heterogeneity of 11 cities is obvious, and the peripheral Jiangmen, Huizhou and Zhaoqing all belong to the lagging type of economic development. From a regional point of view, the lag of economic development is mainly distributed in the West, while the lag of basic public services is mainly concentrated in the East and the Middle. 4) The coupling coordination degree of the low value area shows an upward trend, the difference between the cities in the high value area is gradually narrowing, and the polarization phenomenon is formed between the cities in the high value area and the low value area. The results can provide a theoretical basis for relevant departments to coordinate policies for economic and basic public services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

基于长三角一体化和区域协调发展的国家战略,在测度2001—2016年长三角地区41个城市的城镇化协调水平后,运用泰尔指数、重心轨迹、热点分析和空间计量模型等方法,分析长三角地区城镇化协调发展的空间特征及形成机理。结果表明：① 长三角地区城镇化协调水平总体差异呈波动下降趋势,省内差异不断缩小但省域间的差异在不断扩大;长三角地区城镇化协调水平整体呈东高西低的分布态势,西北—东南方向的城镇化协调发展动态演化格局变化不大,历年重心较为稳定,但空间关联范围和离散程度呈扩大趋势。② 从空间的集聚特征来看,长三角地区城镇化协调水平有显著正向空间自相关性,热点区渐向经济比较发达的上海、苏南、浙北等地区集聚,冷点区稳定分布在皖北、皖南和浙南。③ 影响城镇化协调发展空间特征的各因素均显著为正,经济发展水平仍然主导着区域城镇化协调发展,人口集聚效应对邻近城市城镇化协调水平提升更加明显,充分发挥城镇化高协调区对低协调区的带动作用,实现长三角地区均衡发展。

Based on the national strategy of Yangtze River Delta economic integration and regional coordinated development and after measuring the urbanization coordination level of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2001 to 2016, this study analyzed the spatial characteristics and formation mechanism of the coordinated development of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta by using the methods of Theil Index, center of gravity track, hotspot analysis, and spatial econometric model. The results show that: 1) the overall difference of urbanization coordination level in the Yangtze River Delta is fluctuating and decreasing, and intra-provincial differences are shrinking while the difference between the provinces is expanding; the spatial distribution of the coordination level of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta is generally higher in the east and lower in the west. The pattern of coordinated development of urbanization has experienced little change in the northwest-southeast direction and the center of gravity is relatively stable over the years, but the spatial correlation scope and dispersion degree are expanding. 2) According to the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the coordination level of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta. The hotspots are gradually converging to the economically developed areas such as Shanghai, Southern Jiangsu, and Northern Zhejiang. The cold spots are stably distributed in Northern Anhui, Southern Anhui, and southern Zhejiang. 3) All factors that affect the spatial characteristics of coordinated development of urbanization are significantly positive. The level of economic development still dominates coordinated regional development of urbanization. Population agglomeration is more obvious for the improvement of the level of coordinated development of urbanization of neighboring cities. Giving full play to the driving role of the highly coordinated area of urbanization will realize the balanced development of the Yangtze River Delta.

低碳经济是长三角高质量一体化发展的内在要求。针对2000&#x02014;2017年长三角地区经济增长与碳排放时空关联、异速增长关系及影响因素的研究发现：（1）长三角地区经济增长与碳排放具有正向关联,关联强度总体呈&#x0201c;V&#x0201d;型波动变化。2000&#x02014;2008年高关联强度区相对集中分布于苏南、苏北及浙中等地区,2009&#x02014;2017年空间关联强度明显下降,大体呈&#x0201c;南低北高&#x0201d;分布。（2）长三角地区经济增长与碳排放异速变化以经济扩张弱型为主,大部分地区经济增长与碳排放异速关系实现由正转负。（3）地理探测器诊断第二产业比例、第三产业比例、城市化和人口密度是驱动长三角地区经济增长与碳排放异速变动的主要因子。（4）多尺度地理加权回归表明人口密度显著负向影响长三角地区经济增长与碳排放异速变化,投资强度和财政支出强度起到抑制作用,城市化和消费水平表现出先促进后抵消作用,第二产业与第三产业占比及固碳水平则起到先抑制后促进作用。

Low-carbon economy is the inherent requirement to achieve high-quality integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal correlation, allometric growth relationship, and driving forces between economic growth and carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2017. The findings show that: (1) There exists a positive correlation between economic growth and carbon emissions in the study area, and the overall correlation intensity presents a "V-shaped" fluctuation. From 2000 to 2008, the areas with high correlation intensity were relatively concentrated in Southern Jiangsu, Northern Jiangsu and Central Zhejiang. From 2009 to 2017, the spatial correlation intensity decreased significantly, and generally presented a spatial pattern of "low in the south and high in the north". (2) The allometric variation between economic growth and carbon emissions is dominated by weak economic expansion, and the allometric relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in most areas has turned from positive to negative. (3) The geo-detector diagnoses that the proportions of secondary and tertiary industries, as well as urbanization and population density are the main factors driving the allometric variation between economic growth and carbon emissions. (4) Multi-scale geographical weighted regression shows that the population density has an significantly negative impact on allometric variation between economic growth and carbon emissions, investment intensity and the intensity of fiscal expenditure have an inhibitory effect, urbanization and consumption level show the effect of first promoting and then offsetting, while the proportions of secondary and tertiary industries, and the carbon sequestration ability show the effect of first inhibition and then promotion.

为探究中国在东南亚地区的海外耕地投资活动规律,利用文献资料法、空间分析法和灰色关联分析法,从空间分布和影响因素两方面进行分析。结果表明：（1）中国海外耕地投资项目多位于中南半岛,且有沿边分布特点;（2）中国在东南亚海外耕地投资意向项目、合同项目的空间分布相似性较高,而生产项目与前两者存在差异;（3）中国海外耕地投资受地缘经济、地缘文化、资源基础和地缘政治的影响且受影响程度依次减弱,其中年均进出口总值、年均中国对外直接投资存量等指标对中国企业的投资选择具有显著影响。东南亚地区作为当前中国海外耕地投资的重要区域,强化同东南亚国家间的经济、文化交流,对中国企业顺利开展海外耕地投资活动具有重要促进作用。

The paper uses the literature data, spatial analysis and grey correlation analysis to examine the spatial distribution and influencing factors of China's overseas farmland investment activities in Southeast Asia. The results show that: (1) China's overseas farmland investment projects are mostly distributed in the Indo-China Peninsula along the border of China. (2) The spatial distribution of China's overseas farmland investment intention projects and contract projects in this region is similar, while that of the production projects is different from the other two types of projects. (3) China's overseas farmland investment is affected by geo-economy, geo-culture, resource conditions, and geo-politics, and the degree of impact decreases in succession. Indicators such as the average annual total import and export value and the average annual stock of China's foreign direct investment have a significant impact on the choices of Chinese investment companies. Southeast Asia is an important area for China's overseas farmland investment, therefore strengthening economic and cultural exchanges with Southeast Asian countries will play an important role in promoting the smooth development of overseas farmland investment activities carried out by Chinese companies.