EN中文

地理科学进展, 2023, 42(5): 982-997 doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.05.012

研究综述

中国行政区划研究30年：进展、启示与展望

孟贵,1,2, 王开泳,1,2,*, 王甫园1, 董瑶嘉1,2

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101

2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049

The research of administrative division of China in the past 30 years: Progress, implications, and prospect

MENG Gui,1,2, WANG Kaiyong,1,2,*, WANG Fuyuan1, DONG Yaojia1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

通讯作者: *王开泳(1980— )，男，山东滕州人，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事行政区划与空间治理。E-mail: wangky@igsnrr.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2022-11-10   修回日期: 2022-12-31  

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(42271252)
国家自然科学基金项目(42230510)
国家社科基金社科学术社团主题学术活动资助项目(22STA021)

Received: 2022-11-10   Revised: 2022-12-31  

Fund supported: National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271252)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230510)
National Social Science Foundation for Social Science Academic Societies Theme-based Academic Activities Funding Project(22STA021)

作者简介 About authors

孟贵(1995— )，男，安徽合肥人，博士生，主要研究方向为行政区划与区域发展。E-mail: menggui7957@igsnrr.ac.cn

摘要

行政区划是国家进行地方行政管理的基础单元，行政区划调整则关系基层社会治理体系和空间治理能力建设，是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的组成部分和重要抓手，对经济发展和区域治理产生长期影响。论文对近30年来(1992—2022年)中国行政区划研究的文献进行系统梳理和分析，从历史考证、模式类型、成效评估、影响因素和国内外对比等方面总结了中国行政区划研究的发展脉络与相关进展。研究发现，行政区划设置以服务国家发展战略为主要方向，相关研究与国家政策联系密切，相关政策的颁布实施会激发和拓展行政区划的研究，反过来研究成果又会推动区划政策的完善发展；行政区划研究经久不衰，具有较强的历史延续性，同时兼跨多个学科；发达国家行政区划实践经验和研究具有借鉴意义，但无法照搬到国内，中国行政区划研究要结合国情，辩证吸收，走出具有本土特色的调整道路。在推进国家行政区划治理体系和治理能力现代化进程中，应加强行政区划调整方案的评估论证，增强科学性与合理性；注重发挥多学科优势，丰富和完善行政区划调整的理论与方法研究，充分利用好行政区划手段，构建区域发展新格局，以全面提升国家空间治理效能。

关键词： 行政区划; 治理; 成效评估; 研究进展; 文献计量

Abstract

Administrative division is the basic supporting unit for a country to carry out local governance. The adjustment of administrative divisions is related to the grassroots social governance system and capacity building, and constitutes a part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, which has a long-term impact on economic development and regional governance. This article systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature on China's administrative division research in the past 30 years, and summarized the development status of China's administrative division research from the aspects of history, type of models, effectiveness evaluation, influencing factors, and comparison within China and internationally. The research found that the setting of administrative divisions serves the national development strategy, and the research is closely related to national policies. The promulgation and implementation of relevant policies stimulate the research of administrative divisions, and vice versa. The study of administrative division has a strong historical continuity and spans multiple disciplines. Drawing on the useful experience of developed countries, it also has very strong local characteristics. In the process of integration of administrative divisions into national governance system and governance modernization, scientific and practical research on the setting and adjustment of administrative divisions should be strengthened. We should give full play to the advantages of multiple disciplines, strengthen the theoretical and methodological research on the setting and adjustment of administrative divisions, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of national spatial governance.

Keywords： administrative division; governance; effectiveness evaluation; research progress; bibliometric

PDF (7043KB) 元数据 多维度评价 相关文章 导出 EndNote| Ris| Bibtex  收藏本文

本文引用格式

孟贵, 王开泳, 王甫园, 董瑶嘉. 中国行政区划研究30年：进展、启示与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2023, 42(5): 982-997 doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.05.012

MENG Gui, WANG Kaiyong, WANG Fuyuan, DONG Yaojia. The research of administrative division of China in the past 30 years: Progress, implications, and prospect[J]. Progress in Geography, 2023, 42(5): 982-997 doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.05.012

“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”是新时代背景下习近平总书记治国理政的又一重要科学论述[1]。作为上层建筑，行政区划包含空间、政策、组织和权力等多重资源属性，是政治结构在空间上的投影和国家进行地方治理的支撑单元[2]，具有空间和管理双重属性[3]。行政区划调整则构成了国家治理体系的重要组成部分，成为提高行政治理效能、促进区域空间重组和优化行政管理体制的有效手段，关系国家稳定、民族团结、人民生活和国土资源开发利用等多方面[4]。作为国家推动城镇化的重要工具[5-6]，行政区划调整合理与否直接影响区域经济的发展质量[7]，科学合理的行政区划调整不仅可以拓展中心城市发展空间、优化城市群空间布局，还可以完善区域城镇体系，为构建适合中国国情的空间治理体系提供基础支撑，越来越受到各级政府的重视[8-9]。

同时，行政区划调整与快速发展的城市化之间存在密切联系[10]。党中央也越来越重视优化行政区划设置工作，新时代的中国必将开启行政区划调整的新篇章[4]。十八届三中全会指出要将优化行政区划设置作为全面深化改革的重要工作部署；十九届四中全会提出“优化行政区划设置，提高中心城市和城市群综合承载和资源优化配置能力”；2022年《新型城镇化和城乡融合发展重点任务》与《关于加强和改进行政区划工作的意见》分别强调“要优化行政区划设置，慎重从严把握撤县(市)改区”和“行政区划设置和调整同国家发展战略、经济社会发展、国防建设需要相适应”等，集中反映了党中央和国务院对行政区划设置工作的高度重视，以及通过运用行政区划手段推行区域空间优化重组，进而激发经济发展活力的战略谋划。当前，优化行政区划设置已成为“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”的重大战略部署，行政区划调整已然成为中国空间治理的重要抓手，是实现区域空间治理的重要手段，成为健全空间治理体系的重要组成部分[9,11]。

行政区划研究是一个随着时代变迁而发展且与之相适应的命题[1]。然而，国内对行政区划的研究起步较晚。1991年正式出版的第一部行政区划研究的论文集《中国行政区划研究》标志着行政区划被真正当作一门学科开始进行研究[12]，加之行政区划研究具有综合性、政策性、敏感性和高层次性等特点[13]，在一定程度上使得中国在较长一段时期的行政区划设置滞后于经济社会发展的需要，导致新兴小城市发展受阻，与新型城镇化道路存在明显偏差[14]，因而，亟需强化行政区划研究以满足新时代精细化社会治理的需要。基于此，本文运用文献计量软件对以“行政区划”为主题词检索到的1992年1月1日至2022年9月18日中国知网核心期刊、CSCD和CSSCI来源期刊的1543篇文献(其中剔除了部分简介、动态、书评等不相关的文献)进行统计和可视化分析，在对中国行政区划近30年来的研究热点进行系统化梳理之后，运用文献归纳法总结主题聚类，梳理行政区划研究的发展脉络，同时采取系统性综述方法归纳主要研究进展；最后结合时代背景，展望中国行政区划研究的未来发展趋势，以期为行政区划的优化设置及相关研究提供有益参考。

1 行政区划的概念属性与文献分析

1.1 概念属性

在概念方面，行政区划有广义和狭义之分，前者是指一切具有行政管理职能的区域，后者则是在综合考虑历史、地理条件和经济联系等的基础上，依据政权架构和职责履行的需要，国家对行政管理区域进行的划分与调整[12-13,15]，中国现行行政区划包括省级、地级、县级和乡级4个管理层级。行政区划调整则是依据国家经济、社会和政治等的发展需要，对管辖范围和行政级别进行的调整[16]。相应地，行政区划调整也有广义和狭义之别，广义的行政区划调整是指包括区域行政级别、行政区域范围、行政区划结构和层次等的变动，狭义的行政区划调整则是指行政区域范围的变动[17]。现有行政区划调整研究并没有严格区分广义和狭义概念的差异，研究对象以广义为主。行政区域、行政单位和行政建制是行政区划概念的3个重要构成单元[18]，每次行政区划调整可能涉及建制变更、行政等级变更、隶属关系变更、行政区域界线变更、行政机关驻地迁移、更名和命名等中的一种或几种类型[19]。

行政区划是大政国基，中国行政区划调整始终为中央政府所主导，服务于国家经济建设总目标[20]，成为实现行政区划设置科学化和空间布局优化的重要手段[21]，这也使得以往研究较多地关注行政区划的空间和管理属性[4]。作为空间资源、权力资源、政策资源和组织资源的集合体，当前行政区划的资源属性和资源效应愈发明显[1]。总的来说，行政区划调整具有推进权力资源的区域整合与优化重组、优化行政资源的空间配置以及实现要素资源的空间重构与优化配置等方面的作用[22]。发挥好行政区划调整在空间资源配置上的作用，既能够有效应对新时代以来中国社会经济发展带来的矛盾转变，还可以不断推进国家治理体系的完善及治理能力的现代化发展[23]。因此，在新的时代背景下，全面分析和研判中国近30年行政区划研究的发展脉络和重点，亦有助于发挥好行政区划在国家治理体系建设和构建区域发展新格局中的作用。

1.2 政策与文献数量分析

1992—2009年，中国行政区划研究的文献数量呈现波动快速上升趋势，并在2009年达到研究期内的峰值；2010—2022年，年均文献数量略有减少且呈现一定幅度的波动变化(图1)。此外，自1992年以来，中国行政区划政策随着相关政策文件的颁布实施和时代的变迁发展而不断调整与完善，早期关于行政区划设置与调整的政策文件颁布较少，近年来政策数量明显增加。结合行政区划研究发文高峰年份情况，绘制出行政区划政策与研究关系(图2)。

图1

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图1   1992—2022年行政区划研究文献与政策数量变化

注：文献检索日期为2022年9月18日。

Fig.1   Annual number of publications from the CNKI database and policies on administrative division research in China during 1992-2022


图2

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图2   1992—2022年行政区划政策与研究文献数量耦合情况

注：图中仅列出行政区划重要政策文件及对应年份的行政区划研究文献数量。

Fig.2   Coupling of administrative division policy with the quantity of research publications during 1992-2022


行政区划研究具有较强的政策导向性，行政区划政策的颁布实施会刺激相关研究的增加，科学严谨的研究也会对行政区划政策的完善发展产生一定的促进作用。具体来说，1994年中国实施分税制改革后，行政区划成为地方政府争取话语权、整合横向联系的资源池，影响着地方政府社会经济管理权限、政治资源获取能级、财税资源以及土地指标分配，并逐步形成了中国的行政区经济[24]。同时，1999年颁布的《关于地方政府机构改革的意见》和《关于调整地区建制有关问题的通知》引发了关于地方行政区划的优化调整[25⇓-27]、地级行政建制现状与改革[28]、农村城镇化进程问题等的思考与研究[29]，而这反过来又推动了2001年《关于乡镇行政区划调整工作意见》的实施。此外，尽管中央政府在2003—2006年几乎没有颁布行政区划方面的政策文件，但关于1949年以来中国省级行政区划调整特征的梳理与思考[30-31]、城市型政区改革思路的研究[32]、“行政区经济”现象的分析[33-34]等，又进一步促使中国行政区划政策体系得到完善发展，如2007年《关于行政区划管理的规定》提出“行政区划应保持稳定，必须变更时，应制订变更方案，逐级上报审批”；2009年《关于推进省直接管理县财政改革的意见》要求在2012年底全面推进省直管县财政改革等。1992—2010年，尽管行政区划的政策数量与政策内容变化较大，但关于行政区划的研究却呈现波动上升趋势。1999年《关于调整地区建制有关问题的通知》和《关于地方政府机构改革的意见》的颁布实施，是2000年行政区划研究数量增加的重要原因之一。特别地，这一时期关于撤县设区(市)科学性与合理性等的研究对2017年国家重启撤县设区(市)审批政策产生了重要的积极影响。2011—2022年，行政区划政策与研究呈现上下波动变化，在一定程度上反映了两者之间的相互影响。

综上所述，中国行政区划研究受党中央行政区划政策影响愈发明显，相关研究与国家政策交相呼应。行政区划政策的颁布与实施拓展了学者的研究思路，拓宽了行政区划研究的广度，促进了行政区划研究的深化发展；同时，相关研究成果也促进了行政区划政策的再调整，推动了行政区划政策的完善优化。

1.3 阶段划分与文献计量分析

国家行政区划政策的颁布实施影响着行政区划研究的方向和内容。根据1992年以来中国行政区划政策颁布情况以及研究文献数量的变化，将1992—2022年行政区划研究以10年为单位划分为3个阶段，分别为探索起步阶段(1992—2001年)、快速发展阶段(2002—2011年)以及深化研究阶段(2012—2022年)，这也与党的十四大到二十大的发展阶段相呼应。随后依次进行上述阶段的发文机构、发文作者和关键词共现分析，并分别用Adobe Photoshop和CiteSpace软件绘制出1992—2022年中国行政区划研究的作者、机构和关键词树状图(图3)和关键词共现图谱(图4)。

图3

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图3   1992—2022年中国行政区划研究作者、机构和关键词树状图

注：图中以不同树冠区分了3个阶段，且在树叶中标示了相应时期的关键词及其频次，树叶越大则表示关键词出现频次越高；机构和作者后面数字是相应阶段的发文总量，连线表示作者与机构之间存在附属关系。

Fig.3   Dendrogram of authors, institutions, and keywords of publications on administrative divisions in China during 1992-2022


图4

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图4   1992—2022年行政区划研究关键词共现图谱

注：图中关键词字号大小表示其出现频次的高低。字号越大，表示出现频次越高，反之，则越低。

Fig.4   Keywords co-occurrence map of administrative division research during 1992-2022


行政区划研究具有较强的延续性，核心学者推动了中国行政区划研究的发展，实现了由单个学术集体探索探究，逐步演变为多个核心团队相互协作的繁荣发展局面。具体而言，在探索起步阶段(1992—2001年)，行政区划研究主要以华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心的刘君德与汪宇明、复旦大学中国历史地理研究中心的周振鹤和北京大学城市与环境学系的邓忠泉等学者的研究为主，其中相关论文研究多涉及中国地级行政建制演变、改革思考与革新研究[35-36]，但研究力量较为薄弱，主题相对集中。在快速发展阶段(2002—2011年)，华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心继续引领中国行政区划研究，湖南大学政治与公共管理学院和中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所逐步发展成为这一阶段的重要研究团体。这些机构学者对行政区划的历史沿革[2,15,37]、制度创新[38-39]、经济影响[17,34]与城市化进程[13,40]等方面进行了深入研究。最后，在深化研究阶段(2012—2022年)，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所引领中国行政区划研究，并与华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心及南开大学周恩来政府管理学院组成了当前行政区划研究的核心力量，主要对行政区划调整区域效应与成效评估[6-7,41-42]、城市群建设[14,43]、空间治理探索[11,24]等方面进行了深入探讨。

2 研究进展与述评

基于文献计量和归纳法，将近30年来的行政区划研究总结为5个重点领域，分别为行政区划调整的历史考证与时空变动研究、模式类型与驱动机制、成效评估、影响因素和改革思路研究以及国内外行政区划调整对比与启示，既反映了中国行政区划研究内容的时间跨度之长、空间范围之广，也体现了研究层次之深和研究价值之大，具有重要的现实启示意义。

2.1 行政区划的历史考证与时空变动研究

行政区划作为一个融合地理、文化、历史和政治因素的概念[44]，有关其调整的历史考证层出不穷，对后来的学术研究与调整实践均具有重要参考价值。行政区划发端于春秋战国时期，秦代郡县制的出现标志着中国行政区划制度的正式确立[2]。“省制”改革始于金末元初，而“行省”制在元朝逐步发展成熟，此后中国地方行政区划格局及省的建制基本延续至今[41]。同时，区划边界遵行山川形便和犬牙交错的规律[45]，按照层级变化情况，可以将秦代至民国初年的地方行政制度发展分为3个阶段：第一阶段为秦汉魏晋南北朝时期，地方组织从两级制发展为三级制；第二阶段是隋唐五代宋辽金时期，重复两级制到三级制的循环；第三阶段是元明清到民国初年，从多级制逐步简化为三级制[46]。现今中国行政区仍以县为主，反映了政区制度具有很强的继承性[47]。尽管从郡县制到行省制，再到市县制度，行政区划交融于国家与地方、区域内和区际间的平衡协调、博弈整合之中，随着社会矛盾的变化而调整[48]，但总的来说，中国历代王朝政区的设置主要将能否保障国家长治久安、方便行政管理以及巩固边疆安全作为主要考虑因素。此外，关于行政区划历史考证的经验总结，张永理[49]在梳理自秦朝以来历代行政区划层级变迁发展脉络的基础上，提出应注意省直管县体制导致管理幅度过于宽泛带来的各种弊端。华林甫等[50]认为，在当前政区改革中可以将地级市分为4~5等，县级政区则可以统一分为上、中、初3等。

1949年后，中国行政区划调整较为频繁，有关调整主要体现在六大行政区的撤销和部分省级政区的撤并变动方面。行政区划调整成为应对社会经济结构转型带来的社会冲突和治理难题的关键[48]，先后经历了探索、加速和优化发展等阶段[4]，实现了从“切块设市”“省直管县”体制并行到“撤县设市”“市管县”体制并存，再到“撤县(市)设区”和“市管县”体制并行的发展转变[51]。其中，在20世纪50年代，行政区划自上而下调整频繁，如1952年在省、直辖市以上设立大行政区建制，每个大行政区管辖数个省(市)，随后又在1954年逐步撤销[37]。改革开放以来，党中央为促进工业化和城市化发展，将城市建制作为行政区划的调整重点，采取了切块设市、整县改市和多中心组合3种设市模式[18]；这一期间，位于东部沿海、经济发展速度较快的广东、江苏和山东等省份行政区划调整较为频繁，县级市的数量明显增多[52]。最后，撤县设市和撤县设区成为自2013年以来中国行政区划调整的主要内容，且主要发生在中西部地区[4,53]。

总之，加强对行政区划设置及调整的历史考证，不仅有利于明晰行政区划的变迁历程，还可以推进行政区划调整的完善发展。新时代的中国正经历着百年未有之大变局，正在推进中国式现代化，构建国家治理体系，有必要从历史中继续汲取有益经验以加快完善中国的行政区划设置和空间布局，助力构建国内国际双循环格局，释放经济发展内生动力，激发经济发展活力。

2.2 行政区划调整的模式与驱动机制

行政区划调整模式和类型选择影响着区域治理成效和经济发展潜力。目前，关于行政区划调整的类型与模式尚没有严格的界定与区分，不同文献对此存在混用的情况。从行政层级来看，纪小乐等[43]按照行政级别将中国行政区划调整类型划分为县区级、普通地级市和地级以上3类。从细分的类型看，吴建民等[54]将中国自2000年以来县级行政区划调整类型细分为撤县(市)设区、撤县设市、行政区合并、增设行政区、边界调整、隶属变更和建制升格7种。魏衡等[55]将中国1980—2007年的行政区划调整细分为撤县设市、撤地设市与地市合并、撤县(市)设区、市辖区调整以及乡改镇与乡镇撤并、镇改街与村改居等几种类型。从调整模式看，吴金群等[56]将地级市行政区划调整的模式归纳为撤地设市、地市合并、市县(市)分治、市县(市)合治、县(市)升格和切块设市6种；市辖区行政区划调整模式包括撤县(市)设区、区县(市)合并、切块设市和区界重组4种；县级行政区划调整模式则包括切块设市、撤县设市和县级市边界重组3种。而朱建华等[52]将其划分为建制变更(核心)、行政区拆分、行政区合并、建制升格及新设立行政区5种模式。此外，李晓琳[24]将中国行政区划调整归纳为市制设置调整、市辖区调整、县以下调整和多种手段变相进行区划范围调整4种形式，具体又包括撤地(镇)设市、县改市和撤县(市)设区等多种方式。

总体来看，当前行政区划调整的模式与类型基本上是混用的，没有明确的界定和区别。一般来说，中国行政区划演变从特征和内容上来说主要包括建制变更、隶属关系变更、行政等级变更、边界调整、行政机关迁移和政区更(命)名6种。不同成果在进行类型和模式划分过程中，主要是服务于其选择的研究主题。不同类型行政区划调整的变动以及驱动机理的研究，多是从行政区经济[34]、政区位势[57-58]、内力外力[59]、尺度重构[8]等理论或视角来分析某一类或某一项行政区划调整的背后机理，关于行政区划调整的理论解释和驱动机理的研究仍需进一步加强和凝练。

2.3 行政区划调整的成效评估

行政区划调整与中国整体制度变迁具有较一致的发展脉络，是制度和需求共同作用的结果[60]，直接影响着资源配置效率、区域发展质量和公共服务水平等[61]。已有对行政区划调整的成效评估主要涉及空间、经济、社会、生态、城镇化等方面，评估方法主要以差分计量回归为主。受各城市复杂的社会经济因素影响，评估结果的一致性不尽相同[62]，但从整体上来说，行政区划调整发挥着拓展城市发展空间、促进城市化进程、增强经济发展活力、维护社会稳定等积极影响(表1)。“郡县治则天下安”。撤县设区作为调整空间布局、拓展城区规模的重要行政手段，演变成中国行政区划调整的主要政策工具，也是落实新时代区域调整部署的重要举措[63]，加之数据的易获取性，使得关于撤县设区的成效评估成为学者的研究热点[62]。

表1   行政区划调整的成效评估相关案例与方法比较

Tab.1  Comparison of relevant cases and methods for the effect evaluation of administrative division adjustment

成效评估评估对象调整类型方法/模型结果
空间影响2008—2010年沈阳市主城区市辖区优化调整城市空间布局优化效应评价模型和综合评价方法调整后，沈阳市城市空间布局逐步优化，但也存在明显的结构性问题[64]
1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年杭州市8个市辖区撤县(市)设区综合扩展系数、扩展速率和强度和全局莫兰指数调整后，杭州市拓展了城市发展空间，优化了建成区的空间分布格局[65]
经济影响2003—2018年全国284个设区市撤县设区固定多期差分模型调整后，对城市经济效率具有显著促进作用；在实施后的第4年显著促进城市经济效率提升[62]
1992—2015年全国1170个县(县级市)撤县设区多期双重差分模型调整后，打破了原有的行政壁垒，通过产业集聚效应提升了被撤县地区的经济发展水平[53]
2000—2017年中国250个地级市撤县设区双重差分倾向得分匹配(PSM-DID)调整后，显著提升了撤县设区所在地级市的经济发展质量[66]
1988—2010年青岛市政府驻地搬迁合成控制法政府驻地搬迁带来的经济增长效应具有滞后性，在第6年开始显现[67]
中国1990—2007年撤县(市)设区的样本撤县(市)区双重差分模型(DID)撤县(市)设区对城市经济增长具有约5年的短期促进作用，对经济长期发展则产生抑制作用[68]
社会影响1998—2011年江苏省撤县设区县撤县设区合成控制法调整后，显著降低了被撤并县的粮食产量[69]
中山市西区和南区居民撤镇设街；撤镇并街问卷调查与访谈调整后，非中心城区与中心城区之间在教育、养老和医疗等领域差距逐渐缩小[70]
生态影响2019年伊春15市辖区城区重组、区县合并定性分析调整后，保护了区域生态系统的完整性，强化了地方政府的生态治理能力[71]
城镇化影响2000—2004年中国撤县设区撤县设区PSM-DID调整后，显著提高了撤并县城的城镇常住人口的增长率[6]
2005—2017年中国撤县设区调整的85个城市撤县设区双重差分模型调整后，有效缓解了城市化发展失衡，且在地级市效果更明显[72]
其他2007—2018年长三角地区28个区划调整市(区/县)撤县(市)设区、市辖区合并和市辖区范围调整多期双重差分和三重差分法调整后，显著增强了被调整区的土地运营程度[42]
1997—2010年中国撤县设区改革县市的企业撤县设区PSM-DID符合集聚规律的县改区有助于促进企业家才能向生产经营活动配置[73]

新窗口打开| 下载CSV


综上分析，有关行政区划调整的成效评估主要集中在长时间序列的撤县设区这一类型，特别是对撤县设区的经济效益评估；对其他行政区划调整类型的成效评价相对不足，对行政区划调整的生态、空间等影响的评估相对有限，且研究方法多数以差分模型为主。因此，未来需要注意强化行政区划调整的综合效益评估，特别是在空间治理效能、行政管理效能和生态质量提升等方面，增加行政区划调整其他类型的成效评估并加强不同评估结果之间的对比分析，拓展现有行政区划调整评估方法，加强政区位势模型的论证与应用。

2.4 行政区划调整的影响因素与改革思路研究

行政区划调整是城市发展的导向标，也是最重要的政策性影响因素[74]。在从传统农业社会向现代工业社会快速转型中，中国的县数量在较快地减少，这是城市发展政策变化与区域发展战略转变等外部政策因素和经济发展水平与空间区位特征等内在因素综合作用的结果[61]，但也有观点认为外部环境是中国行政区划变迁的最主要动力[60]。此外，行政体制改革、城市发展战略和资源环境条件等因素是影响中国行政中心迁移的主要因素[61]。经济水平、交通条件、历史文化背景等因素是东北地区行政区划调整的主要动因[75]。同时，调节政府竞争、统筹区域发展、调整建制等是撤县(市)设区政策频繁实施的重要原因[76]。

行政区划调整是城市化快速发展阶段的制度性选择，但不能从根本上解决行政区经济问题[55]，继续采取粗放式的行政区划调整会加剧矛盾冲突[24]。一方面，从行政区划调整的原则来看，中国行政区划改革应秉承积极改革和维护稳定、提高行政效率和方便管理、自下而上与自上而下相结合等的调整原则[77]。范今朝[39]进一步指出，中国行政区划改革应注重以政治体制改革作为行政区改革的重要前提依据和发展方向。另一方面，建立并完善多级协调的城市行政管理和构建区域协作体系、降低社会公共资源与行政级别的联系强度并合理实施撤县设区政策应当成为未来中国行政区划调整政策的新要求[43]，且区域文化亦是必须高度重视的重要因素[78]。此外，省级层面的行政区划改革成为完善国家治理体系的重要支撑，创新市制和跨省区治理是省级行政区划改革的必由之路[79]。但现在尚不具备全面推行省直管县体制的条件，需要强化顶层设计改革，推动理性官僚制转型，以有序推进省直管县体制改革[80]。最后，行政区划调整要有因地制宜的思维，不同发展阶段的地区应有不同的调整思路。东部沿海城市应以城市地区管理体制创新作为改革的重点，根据城市自身发展阶段，制定不同的行政区划体制模式[39]。边疆省份行政区划调整敏感性较强，应以边疆安全和社会稳定为根本性指导原则，坚持推进少数民族区域自治与行政区划调整协调并行[81]。也有观点认为，未来不一定需要完全依赖行政区划调整来促进空间经济协调发展，而是发挥好市场配置资源的决定性作用[82]。

综上所述，行政区划调整是一定时期经济社会、历史文化和生态环境等多因素综合作用的必然选择，反过来行政区划的每次调整又会对城市及区域的社会经济发展与生态环境产生重要影响。因此，新时期应该将预防和保障区域治理安全、优化和提高区域管理效率以及推进政区精准化治理作为行政区划研究的主线，并强化行政区划调整触发条件和驱动机理的研究，使行政区划调整服务好国家经济社会发展之大局。

2.5 国内外行政区划对比与经验借鉴

尽管中国的行政区划调整主要由政府决定，西方国家以双方自愿和公民投票为基础进行调整[10]，但深入了解西方发达国家行政区划调整的理论与实践，可以为中国行政区划调整提供有益借鉴与参考[83]。总体而言，国内外对比研究主要集中在行政区划设置[84]、区划体制特征与比较[85⇓⇓⇓-89]、演变规律分析[90⇓-92]等，并最终落脚于改进中国行政区划设置的经验总结[93⇓⇓-96]等方面。首先，发达国家行政区划调整的研究多是与城市化进程相结合。发达国家大城市管理可以总结为“强市弱区”“多头分散”和“都市一体化管理、区级政区相对分权”3种模式[86]。其次，通过国内外对比可以为中国行政区划设置和改革提供政策依据，如中国在政区改革过程中主要以省直管县、市管县和撤县设市等形式为主，美国以县市合并为主要方式，日本则采取市、町和村合并政策[89]。熊竞[87]对比了国内和国外的市制模式，他认为中国市制的突出问题在于“市制广域化”。最后，通过国内外对比可以为中国行政区划优化设置提供有益参考，如发达国家经济的重心位于以特大型的国家化城市为中心的都市圈，因此中国应该增设直辖市，建立“都市联盟”，进而形成以直辖市为中心的都市圈[32]。王开泳等[93]通过对20世纪发达国家行政区划调整的经验进行系统性总结，进一步提出中国适时推进行政区划调整、创新调整模式与运作机制、理顺行政管理体制和加大公众参与力度的必要性。相较于日本的二级制和韩国的三级制扁平化的层级结构，中国则是以四级制为主，因而适当减少行政管理层级、优化行政管辖幅度并合理设置城市型政区是中国未来空间治理和城镇化发展的选择[84]。总之，加强国内外行政区划调整的比较研究，并注意借鉴发达国家城市化进程中改革的经验，可以在一定程度上提升行政区划治理能力，促进中国城市化进程与现代化发展。

3 启示与展望

3.1 研究启示

(1) 行政区划研究要服务于国家发展战略，且研究与国家相关政策交相呼应

改革开放以来，特别是进入21世纪后，随着国家发展战略的深入推进以及持续快速的工业化与城镇化进程，城市空间扩展需求同步增加，行政区划调整的需要和频次也在持续增强。有关行政区划调整的研究与国家行政区划政策紧密联系，政策为研究提供了方向指导，研究促进了政策的调整完善。对涉及国家战略、城市群、城镇化、边境海防的重点区域进行调整是全方位提升国家空间治理能力的重要途径[82]。国家自上而下进行的行政区划设置与调整正是通过行政手段，实现国土、政治和行政权力的空间再配置，进而服务于国家发展战略的实施。因此，需要进一步结合国家战略需求开展行政区划研究，如主体功能区战略背景下城市设置思路、新型城镇化战略背景下的撤县设市、京津冀协同发展战略背景下各地区的行政区划调整与总体部署等。同时，强化政区设置的实践应用，诸如新型城镇化试点背景下创新行政管理、节约行政成本的设市模式的总体设计、不同层级的行政区划总体规划方案的编制、各类行政区划调整方案的评估论证、与城市总体规划修编相协调的政区设置等，以使得行政区划研究成果更好地服务于国家战略，促进社会经济发展。

(2) 行政区划研究需要鉴古知今、立足国情，强化本土特色

行政区划具有较强的可变性和历史继承性，当今中国的政区正是由历史政区改造发展而来[97]。坚持党的领导、服务经济发展、处理好标准化和多元化之间的关系是中国行政区划的宝贵经验[98]。从历史轨迹中探寻行政区划的变迁逻辑，发掘行政区划调整的动因，并在现实中把握好政策变迁的规律，可以为行政区划优化调整提供参考和借鉴[99]。因此，行政区划调整的历史考证成为了行政区划调整研究的重要组成部分，上可追溯到秦汉时期县的分等制度[50]、春秋时期的县级政区[100]，下至当前关于撤县(市)设区与省直管县等的研究，都对当前行政区划调整与完善起着重要作用。特别地，受政策、环境、行动者及其相关关系等的影响，尽管撤县设市政策在实施过程中存在明显的人为干扰特征[101]，甚至在政策效果上导致了“假性城市化”[102]，但在加快经济一体化发展、推动城市化进程和缓解土地资源紧张等方面发挥着重要作用[63]。现阶段应辩证地看待该政策，将其作为一个有力的政策工具来推动新时代中小城市发展[23]。此外，关于发达国家的行政区划调整的研究，有利于借鉴其中有益的城镇化建设经验，但行政区划调整的背后也存在着较大的国情差异和地域差别。因此，行政区划调整也应具有相应的本土特色，充分考虑到中国的基本国情和地域分异，对国外经验进行辩证吸收，这有利于突破大都市区治理困境[103]，绘制新时代背景下具有中国特色的行政区划设置新蓝图。

(3) 行政区划研究跨多学科，地理学研究一直发挥引领作用

近30年来，中国行政区划研究力量不断增强，研究主题也在不断丰富。相关研究主要涉及地理学、历史学、政治学、管理学和经济学等多个学科，但不同学科的学者之间互动较少，局限于在单个学科内进行研究，缺乏学科之间的交流与融合。具体而言，行政区划调整的历史考证主要以历史学和地理学学科的研究为主，行政区划调整的成效评估则以经管类的学者研究居多，也有部分地理学者运用经济学计量方法进行行政区划调整政策的评估；此外，关于行政区划调整的影响因素、改革思路以及国内外对比等，以地理学学科的研究居多，政治学、经济学和管理学等学科起着补充研究作用，共同推动着中国行政区划研究的发展。综上所述，中国的行政区划研究应该充分借鉴多学科的研究成果，开展跨学科的交流与合作，以推动行政区划研究的理论和方法更加多元化和科学化。

3.2 研究展望

(1) 行政区划研究需融入国家治理体系和治理能力现代化进程，支撑国家重要发展战略

行政区划优化设置已经上升为党中央的重大战略部署。在推进行政区划制度体系建设过程中需要注意健全多元主体参与机制。同时，加强顶层设计和系统研究，推动行政区划调整作为国家自上而下式改革的重要抓手，在这一过程中如何实现县域治理与行政区划调整的有效结合，是未来研究的重点。当前国内外形势正发生剧烈变化，如何使得行政区划与国家发展战略相协调，如优化城市设置以适应主体功能区和区域协调发展战略、完善撤县设市(区)以服务城镇化发展等，对行政区划的优化设置提出更高的要求。因此，需要从现实需求和应用层面上不断探索和优化行政区与功能区协调的规划途径，为提升中国区域发展战略及空间治理政策的精准性提供科学依据，进而支撑国家重要发展战略的实施。

(2) 加强行政区划设置科学性与合理性的研究，提升空间治理效能

行政区划设置深刻影响着城市布局和结构，关系着空间治理成效和发展秩序，对区域优化重组和均衡发展起着重要作用[9]。已有关于行政区划设置与调整的评估结果表明，尽管大多数调整对当地的经济社会和生态环境等产生积极作用，但仍有部分产生了阻碍作用。因此，加强行政区划调整的触发条件、驱动机制和治理成效的研究，是提升行政区划调整科学性与合理性的重要保障。此外，为解决好国家不同空间尺度面临的地域功能与地方行政不协调问题，需要系统分析行政区划调整与地方治理体系和治理效能提高之间的关联性，进而有效提升国家空间治理效能。

(3) 强化行政区划调整的理论和方法研究，发挥多学科优势

虽然已有研究取得较为丰富的成果，但关于行政区划调整的理论与方法研究仍较为欠缺，应加强政区位势模型等行政区划评估理论与方法的创新与运用，拓宽行政区划调整成效的评估内容。同时，如何更为科学准确地将地理学的空间分析方法、历史学的辩证思维、经济学的计量分析工具等运用到行政区划调整研究之中，是在学科融合背景下必须要考虑的问题。当前，关于行政区划调整方案的科学性与合理性缺少评判方法和理论参考，对于区域和城市治理的综合成效评估同样有待深入研究。因此，亟需通过地理学、历史学、经济学和政治学等学科的交叉融合，发挥好多学科优势，进而构建评价行政区划调整成效的理论与方法，保障行政区划调整手段的合理运用，充分发挥行政区划的资源优化配置作用，推进区域空间结构优化重组、激活区域经济要素和提升区域发展效能。

参考文献

王开泳, 陈田, 刘毅.

“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的理论创新与应用

[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(2): 195-206.

DOI:10.11821/dlyj020181380      [本文引用: 3]

行政区划是国家治理体系和组织结构的基本形式,也是中央政府统治和管理全国各地的有效手段,是事关国家政治、经济和社会发展全局的重大战略问题。就“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的论断进行多视角的分析,提出“行政区划资源论”这一全新的理论解读。分别从空间、权力、行政和政策角度探讨行政区划的资源属性,并从行政资源的空间配置、生产要素的优化配置、权力资源的空间整合、空间资源的优化重组和政策资源的空间载体等多个角度剖析行政区划的资源效应,最后提出应当将“行政区划资源论”这一新论断积极应用至主体功能区规划、空间规划、空间治理体系建设等实践领域,完善目前行政区划设置和调整的思路与要求,建立健全与国家发展战略及综合配套改革相适应的行政区划体系和管理框架。

[Wang Kaiyong, Chen Tian, Liu Yi.

New discussion and reflection on "Administrative divisionitself can be seen as a resource"

Geographical Research, 2019, 38(2): 195-206.]

DOI:10.11821/dlyj020181380      [本文引用: 3]

Administrative division is the basic form of national governance system and organizational structure, an effective means for the central government to govern and manage all parts of the country, as well as a major strategic issue concerning the overall national political, economic and social development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the administrative divisions have been adjusted many times in China. The resource effect produced by the adjustment of administrative divisions has certain regularity and particularity. Generally speaking, administrative divisions are the basic means of national administration and increasing governance capacity. The adjustment and policy making of administrative divisions in different periods are based on the needs of social and economic development and national stability and security at that time. The control policies and key points of administrative divisions in different periods are different. The resource effects of administrative divisions in different periods show certain regularities, such as variability and flexibility in the early years of the founding of new China, reversibility and restraint in the period of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), and policy and regulation in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the adjustment of administrative divisions was characterized by disorder and conservatism. After 2000, the adjustment of administrative divisions has developed towards scale and rationalization. Since 2010, the administrative divisions have become standardized and rationalized. From the perspective of economic development, the administrative divisions in China are not balanced enough to take strategic steps of new urbanization, therefore it is difficult to meet the needs of fine social governance in the new era. This paper makes a multi-angle analysis on the argument that administrative division itself can be seen as a resource, and puts forward a new theoretical interpretation of the theory of administrative division as resources. Then it discusses the resource attributes of administrative division from the perspectives of space, power, administration and policy respectively, and analyzes the resource effect of administrative division from several aspects, such as the spatial allocation of administrative resources, the optimized allocation of production factors, the spatial integration of power resources, the optimized reorganization of spatial resources, and the spatial carrier of policy resources. Finally, it is proposed in the paper that the new theory of administrative division resources should be applied to the construction of strategic spatial planning and spatial governance system of major function oriented zoning, the ideas and requirements of current administrative division should be improved, and the administrative division system and management framework which are compatible with the national development strategy and comprehensive supporting reform should be established and improved.

王开泳, 陈田.

行政区划研究的地理学支撑与展望

[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(4): 688-700.

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201804008      [本文引用: 3]

行政区划研究一直是人文—经济地理学的重要研究领域,与政治地理学、历史地理学、城市地理学具有非常密切的关系。行政区划本身也是一种资源的新论断,对于重新认识和发挥行政区划在空间治理和优化区域发展格局的作用具有非常重要的意义。在回顾总结行政区划研究历史的基础上,梳理了行政区划研究的发展脉络,分析了新时期政区设置的背景和影响因素发生的重大变化,如城镇化进程改变了人口经济集聚的空间格局,自然地理格局对行政区划设置的影响日益减小,交通通讯条件的改善为扩大管理幅度创造了条件。结合空间治理的新需求提出了新时期的行政区划研究应把握3条主线,分别是优化和提高区域管理效率、预防和保障区域治理安全和推进政区精准精细化管理。从推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化出发,提出行政层级和管辖幅度的优化可以提高空间治理效率;缩小经济强省和面积大省的管辖幅度可以保障空间治理安全;合理的管辖幅度和基层政区的优化设置有助于加强空间治理的精准化和精细化。科学合理的行政区划调整可以让空间治理更好的发挥作用,为构建适合我国国情的空间治理体系提供基础支撑。

[Wang Kaiyong, Chen Tian.

Geographical prospects of spatial governance through a review on administrative divisions

Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(4): 688-700.]

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201804008      [本文引用: 3]

Administrative division research has become one of the most important parts in human-economic geography, which is closely related with studies on political geography, historical geography, and urban geography. The new argument that administrative division itself can be seen as a resource, which is of great significance to understanding and exerting the effect of administrative divisions in spatial governance and optimization of regional development pattern. Based on the review of the development of administrative division research, three predominant directions should be centered in the future research, that is, optimizing and enhancing regional management efficiency, protecting regional governance security and improving precision management of administrative regions. Starting from the modernization of national governance and governance capacity, the important research direction of administrative divisions was discussed in three points: (1) the optimization of managerial hierarchy and scope of jurisdiction can improve spatial governance efficiency; (2) dividing a large-scale and economically developed province into small part can guarantee spatial governance security; (3) reasonable scope of jurisdiction and establishment of grass-roots administrative divisions can enhance spatial governance precision. Appropriate adjustment of administrative divisions have helped to improve spatial governance, and provided a policy support for building a spatial governance system suitable to China's national conditions.

罗震东.

改革开放以来中国城市行政区划变更特征及趋势

[J]. 城市问题, 2008(6): 77-82.

[本文引用: 1]

[Luo Zhendong.

On the characteristics and trend of the change of urban administrativeregion division in China since the reform and opening up

Urban Problems, 2008(6): 77-82.]

[本文引用: 1]

张可云, 李晨.

新中国70年行政区划调整的历程、特征与展望

[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2021(1): 118-128, 2.

[本文引用: 5]

行政区划是国家权力分配和政策制定的基础，是行政管理的基本空间单元。行政区划调整是否得当，不仅影响国家的治理体系与治理能力现代化，更关系到国家稳定、民族团结、经济发展和社会进步。新中国成立后的70多年间，中国的行政区划调整经历了四个时期：探索时期、加速时期、调整时期和优化时期。行政区划调整的主要特征是：不同时期行政区划调整的主导目标不同、同一时期不同区域行政区划调整的重点不同、行政级别越高的政区调整频率越低、行政区划调整的空间尺度不断细化以及行政层级调整趋向扁平化。进入新时代后，中国行政区划的调整要注重完善行政区划管理的法律法规、完善城镇型政区的设置标准、探索不同的设市模式、完善行政区划调整的评估机制以及明确行政区划管理的主体并赋予其必要的权威。

[Zhang Keyun, Li Chen.

The course, characteristics and prospect of administrative division adjustment in 70 years of China

Social Science Journal, 2021(1): 118-128, 2.]

[本文引用: 5]

殷洁, 罗小龙.

从撤县设区到区界重组: 我国区县级行政区划调整的新趋势

[J]. 城市规划, 2013, 37(6): 9-15.

[本文引用: 1]

[Yin Jie, Luo Xiaolong.

From turning county into district to district restructuring: A new trend in County-level administrative division adjustment in China

City Planning Review, 2013, 37(6): 9-15.]

[本文引用: 1]

唐为, 王媛.

行政区划调整与人口城市化: 来自撤县设区的经验证据

[J]. 经济研究, 2015, 50(9): 72-85.

[本文引用: 3]

[Tang Wei, Wang Yuan.

Administrative boundary adjustment and urbanization of population: Evidence from city-county merger in China

Economic Research Journal, 2015, 50(9): 72-85.]

[本文引用: 3]

王贤彬, 聂海峰.

行政区划调整与经济增长

[J]. 管理世界, 2010(4): 42-53.

[本文引用: 2]

[Wang Xianbin, Nie Haifeng.

Administrative adjustment and economic growth

Management World, 2010(4): 42-53.]

[本文引用: 2]

张践祚, 李贵才, 王超.

尺度重构视角下行政区划演变的动力机制: 以广东省为例

[J]. 人文地理, 2016, 31(2): 74-82.

[本文引用: 2]

[Zhang Jianzuo, Li Guicai, Wang Chao.

Dynamic mechanism of administrative division adjustment under the context of scale rescaling: The case of Guangdong Province

Human Geography, 2016, 31(2): 74-82.]

[本文引用: 2]

王开泳, 陈田.

“十四五”时期行政区划设置与空间治理的探讨

[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2020, 35(7): 867-874.

[本文引用: 3]

[Wang Kaiyong, Chen Tian.

Discussion on administrative divisions adjustment and spatial governance in 14th Five-Year Plan Period

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020, 35(7): 867-874.]

[本文引用: 3]

谢涤湘.

快速城市化时期的行政区划调整研究

[J]. 现代城市研究, 2009, 24(4): 82-87.

[本文引用: 2]

[Xie Dixiang.

Fast urbanized time administrative regionalization adjustment research

Modern Urban Research, 2009, 24(4): 82-87.]

[本文引用: 2]

林拓, 申立.

行政区划优化: 与国家治理同行

[J]. 经济社会体制比较, 2016(4): 77-86.

[本文引用: 2]

[Lin Tuo, Shen Li.

Administrative division optimization: Together with national governance

Comparative Economic and Social Systems, 2016(4): 77-86.]

[本文引用: 2]

刘君德, 舒庆.

论行政区划、行政管理体制与区域经济发展战略

[J]. 经济地理, 1993, 13(1): 1-5, 42.

[本文引用: 2]

[Liu Junde, Shu Qing.

On administrative division, administrative management system and regional economic development strategy

Economic Geography, 1993, 13(1): 1-5, 42.]

DOI:10.2307/140171      URL     [本文引用: 2]

张京祥, 范朝礼, 沈建法.

试论行政区划调整与推进城市化

[J]. 城市规划汇刊, 2002(5): 25-28, 79.

[本文引用: 3]

[Zhang Jingxiang, Fan Chaoli, Shen Jianfa.

On administrative division adjustment and urbanization promotion

Urban Planning Forum, 2002(5): 25-28, 79.]

[本文引用: 3]

顾朝林, 王颖, 邵园, 等.

基于功能区的行政区划调整研究: 以绍兴城市群为例

[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(8): 1187-1201.

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201508001      [本文引用: 2]

本文构建了基于功能区的行政区划调整研究框架。首先,运用功能区思想,以大城市地区的街道或乡镇为空间单元,采集相关的自然、历史、文化、产业、客流和信息流数据,进行要素功能区的分析,准确获取不同层次相互依赖的功能空间单元,使城市在空间上充分适应和支撑多变的社会经济环境,为城市的多样性提供充分的弹性空间依据。其次,在城市基层单元的要素功能区的基础上,进一步采用因子分析和聚类分析方法,进行城市功能区的划分,可以为行政区划调整提供基于城市功能区有机的空间组织科学依据。在上述行政区划调整研究框架的基础上,以绍兴市为例进行了案例研究,结果表明,绍兴市域内自然、文化功能区清晰,块状经济特征明显,基层区之间的经济、文化、通勤和信息联系已经突破现在的市县行政区边界,按照综合功能区的思想进行行政区划调整。总体上说,基于功能区的行政区划调整,对大城市地区或城市群地区,保证其物质环境和社会空间的快速和谐发展,有效利用资源,具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

[Gu Chaolin, Wang Ying, Shao Yuan, et al.

Research on administrative divisions based on functional areas analysis: A case of Shaoxing metropolitan area

Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(8): 1187-1201.]

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201508001      [本文引用: 2]

This paper established a research framework for administrative divisions based on functional areas analysis. Firstly, data related to natural conditions, history, socio-economy, transportation and information across Shaoxing are anchored to several small geographical units - blocks or small towns, which forms the basis to identify the interdependence between the units from different levels, and provides the proof of spatial flexibility for urban diversity. Subsequent analysis was concentrated on the division of functional areas through factor analysis and cluster analysis, which provides scientific foundation for the re-organization of the functional areas. On the basis of the research framework, with Shaoxing city as an example, the study indicates that the geographic, socio-economic, transportation and information connections between current administrative districts in Shaoxing have already broken through the limitation of administrative demarcation. Administrative divisions based on functional areas should be enhanced to further stimulate regional development. On the one hand, this approach ensures the accordance between administrative divisions and functional areas, which will facilitate the regional integration and socio-economic development; on the other hand, the administrative divisions dispel the shielding effect of segmentation between natural system and socio-economic system, which would exert positive influence for Shaoxing on promoting the development of surrounding areas. In all, this paper concludes that the administrative divisions based on the analysis of the function areas has exceptional importance and significance on the fast proceeding of physical environmental and socio-economic development.

周振鹤.

行政区划史研究的基本概念与学术用语刍议

[J]. 复旦学报(社会科学版), 2001(3): 31-36.

[本文引用: 2]

[Zhou Zhenhe.

Some fundamental conceptions and terms in research on administrative divisions

Fudan Journal (Social Sciences Edition), 2001(3): 31-36.]

[本文引用: 2]

王国恩, 张媛媛.

城市增长边界的效能及对行政区划调整的影响

[J]. 规划师, 2012, 28(3): 21-27, 6.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wang Guoen, Zhang Yuanyuan.

Urban growth boundary efficacy and its influence on administrative boundary adjustment

Planners, 2012, 28(3): 21-27, 6.]

[本文引用: 1]

陈钊.

地级行政区划调整对区域经济发展的影响: 以四川省为例

[J]. 经济地理, 2006, 26(3): 418-421.

[本文引用: 2]

[Chen Zhao.

On the regional economic effects about adjustment of administrative regions at perfecture level: A case study of Sichuan Province

Economic Geography, 2006, 26(3): 418-421.]

[本文引用: 2]

浦善新. 中国行政区划改革研究[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2006.

[本文引用: 2]

[Pu Shanxin. Study on reform of China administrative divisions. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press, 2006.]

[本文引用: 2]

靳尔刚, 张文范. 行政区划与地名管理[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 1999. 118-120.

[本文引用: 1]

[Jin Ergang, Zhang Wenfan. Administrative division and management of place names. Beijing, China: China Social Press, 1996.]

[本文引用: 1]

叶林, 杨宇泽.

中国城市行政区划调整的三重逻辑: 一个研究述评

[J]. 公共行政评论, 2017, 10(4): 158-178, 196.

[本文引用: 1]

[Ye Lin, Yang Yuze.

The three logics of Chinese urban administrative divisions adjustments: A literature review

Journal of Public Administration, 2017, 10(4): 158-178, 196.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘君德, 周克瑜. 中国行政区划的理论与实践[M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 1996.

[本文引用: 1]

[Liu Junde, Zhou Keyu. Theory and practice of Chinese administrative divisions. Shanghai, China: East China Normal University Press, 1996.]

[本文引用: 1]

赵彪, 王开泳, 赵逸才.

中国县级以上行政中心迁移的特征、效应及其影响因素

[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(2): 185-198.

DOI:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.02.001      [本文引用: 1]

行政中心设置是否科学合理,直接影响着资源要素的高效配置、基本公共服务均等化、区域协调高质量发展,以及国家治理体系与治理能力现代化。论文采用空间分析、双重差分模型等方法,对改革开放以来中国县级以上行政中心迁移的基本特征、经济效应及其影响因素进行了分析。研究表明：在迁移特征方面,行政级别越高,迁移距离相对越远,集中出现在2000年以后,以华北地区最为频繁,西部地区迁移距离普遍比其他地区更远;在迁移效应方面,新行政中心周边人口、经济和建设用地增速都明显快于原行政中心,行政中心迁移对经济发展起到了一定的促进作用,但也存在着明显的差异性;在影响因素方面,主要受资源环境条件制约、旧城规划改造推动、新区开发建设引导、行政体制改革和城市发展战略等因素的影响,行政中心迁移通常是多重因素共同作用的结果。

[Zhao Biao, Wang Kaiyong, Zhao Yicai.

Characteristics, effects, and influencing factors of the relocation of administrative centers at or above the county level in China

Progress in Geography, 2022, 41(2): 185-198.]

DOI:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.02.001      [本文引用: 1]

The scientific and reasonable siting of administrative centers directly affects the efficient allocation of resource elements, equality of basic public services, coordinated and balanced regional development, and modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. This study used spatial analysis and the difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the basic characteristics, mechanism, and economic effects of administrative center relocation in China since the reform and opening up in 1978. The results show that in terms of relocation characteristics, the higher the administrative level, the longer the relocation distance is, and the relocation is mainly concentrated after 2000, especially in North China, while the relocation distance in western China is generally much longer than that of other regions. In terms of relocation effects, the growth rates of population, economy, and construction land around the new administrative centers are obviously faster than that of the original administrative centers. On the whole, the relocation of administrative centers plays a certain role in promoting economic development, but there is also a clear spatial heterogeneity. In terms of the factors and mechanism of influence, the process is mainly influenced by the restriction of resources and environmental conditions, the promotion of old city planning and reconstruction, the guidance of the development and construction of new areas, the reform of the administrative system, and urban development strategies. The relocation of administrative centers is usually the result of the joint action of multiple factors.

范逢春, 周淼然.

撤县设市政策的变迁: 历程、逻辑与展望: 基于历史制度主义的分析

[J]. 北京行政学院学报, 2021(5): 64-71.

[本文引用: 2]

[Fan Fengchun, Zhou Miaoran.

The change of the County-to-city upgrading policy: Course, logic, and prospect: An analysis based on historical institutionalism

Journal of Beijing Administration Institute, 2021(5): 64-71.]

[本文引用: 2]

李晓琳.

适应城镇化未来发展需要的行政区划调整研究

[J]. 区域经济评论, 2021(2): 116-124.

[本文引用: 4]

[Li Xiaolin.

Research on the adjustment of administrative division to adapt to the future urbanization development

Regional Economic Review, 2021(2): 116-124.]

[本文引用: 4]

蔡玉峰.

调整县乡行政区划促进行政机关改革

[J]. 管理世界, 1999(4): 199-200.

[本文引用: 1]

[Cai Yufeng.

Adjust the administrative divisions of counties and townships, promote administrative reform

Management World, 1999(4): 199-200.]

[本文引用: 1]

张银喜.

改革地方行政区划和设置的建议

[J]. 中国行政管理, 2001(5): 8-10.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhang Yinxi.

Suggestions for reforming local administrative divisions and settings

Chinese Public Administration, 2001(5): 8-10.]

[本文引用: 1]

王德, 郭洁.

乡镇合并与行政区划调整的新思路和新方法

[J]. 城市规划汇刊, 2002(6): 72-75, 80.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wang De, Guo Jie.

New method of town mergence and administrative division adjusting

Urban Planning Forum, 2002(6): 72-75, 80.]

[本文引用: 1]

宫桂芝.

我国行政区划体制现状及改革构想

[J]. 政治学研究, 2000(2): 63-73.

[本文引用: 1]

[Gong Guizhi.

Current situation and reform plan of administrative division system in China

CASS Journal of Political Science, 2000(2): 63-73.]

[本文引用: 1]

朱守银.

中国农村城镇化进程中的改革问题研究

[J]. 中国农村观察, 2000(6): 2-24, 78.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhu Shouyin.

A study of some problems in the process of urbanization in rural China

China Rural Survey, 2000(6): 2-24, 78.]

[本文引用: 1]

陈潮.

我国省级行政区划的调整

[J]. 地图, 2003(4): 10-23.

[本文引用: 1]

[Chen Chao.

The adjustment of Chinese provincial administrative division

Map, 2003(4): 10-23.]

[本文引用: 1]

郑为汕.

省级行政区划改革的主要难点探析

[J]. 理论探索, 2003(6): 7-9.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zheng Weishan.

The main difficulties in the reform of provincial administrative division

Theoretical Exploration, 2003(6): 7-9.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘君德.

新时期中国城市型政区改革的思路

[J]. 中国行政管理, 2003(7): 48-54.

[本文引用: 2]

[Liu Junde.

Consideration on the reformation of city-type units in China in new era

Chinese Public Administration, 2003(7): 48-54.]

[本文引用: 2]

秦学, 刘君德.

“行政区经济”现象在我国旅游业中的表现及其负面影响

[J]. 学术研究, 2003(12): 36-39.

[本文引用: 1]

[Qin Xue, Liu Junde.

"Administrative region economy" phenomenon in China tourism performance and its negative impact

Academic Research, 2003(12): 36-39.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘君德.

中国转型期凸现的“行政区经济”现象分析

[J]. 理论前沿, 2004(10): 20-22.

[本文引用: 3]

[Liu Junde.

Analysis of the phenomenon of "administrative district economy" in China's transition period

Theoretical Front, 2004(10): 20-22.]

[本文引用: 3]

刘君德.

21世纪中国直辖市政区改革的战略思考

[J]. 浙江学刊, 1998(4): 70-74.

[本文引用: 1]

[Liu Junde.

Strategic thinking on the reform of Chinese municipalities in the 21st century

Zhejiang Academic Journal, 1998(4): 70-74.]

[本文引用: 1]

华伟.

地级行政建制的演变与改革构想

[J]. 战略与管理, 1998(3): 45-59.

[本文引用: 1]

[Hua Wei.

The evolution and reform of prefecture-level administrative system

Strategy and Management, 1998(3): 45-59.]

[本文引用: 1]

李刚.

略谈新中国行政区划的变迁

[J]. 文史杂志, 2001(1): 10-11.

[本文引用: 2]

[Li Gang.

The change of administrative division in new China

Journal of Literature and History, 2001(1): 10-11.]

[本文引用: 2]

王开泳, 陈田.

对我国大城市行政区划调整的思考: 以广州市近年来行政区划调整为例

[J]. 城市问题, 2006(7): 70-75.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wang Kaiyong, Chen Tian.

Ponder adjustment to administrative division of big city of China: Take Guangzhou City as an example the adjustment of administrative division in recent years

Urban Problems, 2006(7): 70-75.]

[本文引用: 1]

范今朝.

1979年以来浙江省行政区划调整变更的过程及作用: 兼论中国未来行政区划改革走向

[J]. 经济地理, 2004, 24(4): 449-453.

[本文引用: 3]

[Fan Jinzhao.

A preliminary study on the stage and effect of the adjustment of the division of administrative areas of Zhejiang Province in China since 1979

Economic Geography, 2004, 24(4): 449-453.]

[本文引用: 3]

谢涤湘, 文吉, 魏清泉.

“撤县(市)设区”行政区划调整与城市发展

[J]. 城市规划汇刊, 2004(4): 20-22, 95.

[本文引用: 1]

[Xie Dixiang, Wen Ji, Wei Qingquan.

Turning country into district and metropolis development

Urban Planning Forum, 2004(4): 20-22, 95.]

[本文引用: 1]

易顶强.

我国省级行政区划改革新探: 以“省直管县”体制改革为视角

[J]. 求实, 2010(8): 57-60.

[本文引用: 2]

[Yi Dingqiang.

A new probe into the reform of provincial administrative division in China: From the perspective of the system reform of "direct provincial administration of counties"

Truth Seeking, 2010(8): 57-60.]

[本文引用: 2]

黄静, 李凯.

行政区划调整是否强化了土地运营?来自长三角的政策效果检验

[J]. 热带地理, 2021, 41(3): 554-561.

DOI:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003346      [本文引用: 2]

利用2007—2018年长三角地区所有经历行政区划调整的区县为研究范围，以被调整区的土地出让微观交易数据为样本，基于多期双重差分和三重差分法，在控制城市经济特征及地块特征的基础上，探讨行政区划调整是否强化了被调整区的土地运营程度。结果表明：1）与未实施行政区划调整的区域相比，被调整区以更低价格（降低14.6%）出让更多数量（面积增加61.5%）的工业用地来实现“土地引资”；以更高的价格出让商服用地（提高13.3%）和住宅用地（提高6.9%），获取更多土地出让金（总金额增加25%）来达到“土地财政”目的，表明行政区划调整显著加强了被调整区的土地运营程度。2）行政区划调整政策实施后的前5年拉升地价显著，5年后政策效应则不显著，表明土地运营强化具有短期时间效应。3）不同类型的区划调整因区域融合难易程度不同，拉升地价的程度也具有差异性，与“市辖区合并”和“市辖区范围调整”相比，“撤市（县）设区”对土地价格的影响程度更低。

[Huang Jing, Li Kai.

Has administrative zoning adjustment strengthened land property operation? Policy effects from Yangtze River Delta

Tropical Geography, 2021, 41(3): 554-561.]

DOI:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003346      [本文引用: 2]

With rapid urbanization, administrative zoning adjustment has become an important means for local governments to promote urban development. The adjustment brings rapid expansion of land elements for core urban areas. Would the local government strengthen the land operation with adjusted zoning to attract investment and financing? The micro-transaction data of land transfer in the adjusted areas in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2007 to 2018 were taken as samples. The methods used include multi-stage Difference in Difference and Triple Difference models. On the basis of controlling urban economic and land parcel characteristics, this paper discusses whether the administrative division adjustment has strengthened the land operation degree in the adjusted area. The results show that: 1) compared with the areas without administrative zoning adjustment, the price of industrial land in the adjusted areas reduced by a significant 14.6%, and the transferred area of industrial land increased by a remarkable 61.5%. The transfer price of residential and commercial land increased by 13.3% and 6.9%, respectively, and their total transfer expense rose by 25%. The empirical results show that administrative zoning adjustment strengthens the operation of land transfers in the adjusted areas, and shifts more industrial land at a lower price to attract investment and commercial and residential land at a higher price for more "land finance." 2) In the first five years after the administrative zoning adjustment, land price increased significantly, but the policy effect was not substantial after five years, indicating that the strengthening of land operation had a short-term effect. 3) Because of the difficulties in regional integration, different types of administrative zoning adjustments inflate land prices to varied degrees. Compared with "consolidation of municipal districts" and "adjustment of the scope of municipal districts," "withdrawal of cities (counties) to set up districts" has a lower impact on land price. This paper aims to reveal the land transmission mechanism behind the performance of administrative zoning adjustment policy, and provide new empirical evidence for the evaluation of administrative zoning adjustment in China, starting from the role of local governments and using the micro-transaction data of land transfer.

纪小乐, 魏建.

行政区划调整如何推动中国城市化的进程: 动因、类型与方向

[J]. 齐鲁学刊, 2019(3): 109-116.

[本文引用: 3]

[Ji Xiaole, Wei Jian.

How administrative division adjustment promotes China's urbanization process: Motivation, type and direction

Qilu Journal, 2019(3): 109-116.]

[本文引用: 3]

田烨, 王存祖.

我国民族地区行政区划的历史变迁

[J]. 广西民族研究, 2020(4): 99-108.

[本文引用: 1]

[Tian Ye, Wang Cunzu.

The historical evolution of administrative division in minority regions in China

Guangxi Ethnic Studies, 2020(4): 99-108.]

[本文引用: 1]

周振鹤. 体国经野之道: 中国行政区划沿革[M]. 上海: 上海书店出版社, 2009.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhou Zhenhe. The way of dividing the country and measuring the fields:Evolution of Chinese administrative divisions. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 2009.]

[本文引用: 1]

周振鹤.

中央地方关系史的一个侧面(上): 两千年地方政府层级变迁的分析

[J]. 复旦学报(社会科学版), 1995(3): 151-157.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhou Zhenhe.

An aspect of the history of central and local relations: An analysis of the hierarchical changes of local government in 2000 years

Fudan Journal (Social Sciences Edition), 1995(3): 151-157.]

[本文引用: 1]

谢元鲁.

试论中国历代政区制度变迁的特点

[J]. 西南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2000, 21(2): 89-94, 127.

[本文引用: 1]

[Xie Yuanlu.

Features in the changes of administrative regions in China's different dynasties

Journal of Southwest Minzu University (Humanities and Social Science), 2000, 21(2): 89-94, 127.]

[本文引用: 1]

田玲玲, 罗静.

乡镇行政区划调整的基层治理效应

[J]. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2020, 59(6): 13-21.

[本文引用: 2]

[Tian Lingling, Luo Jing.

The effect of the adjustment of village-town administrative division on grassroots governance

Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2020, 59(6): 13-21.]

[本文引用: 2]

张永理.

我国行政区划层级历史变迁: 兼谈其对省直管县体制改革的启示

[J]. 北京行政学院学报, 2012(2): 5-10.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhang Yongli.

Historical vicissitude of Chinese administrative division level, And its enlightenment to the reform of the system of direct provincial management of counties

Journal of Beijing Administration Institute, 2012(2): 5-10.]

[本文引用: 1]

华林甫, 胡存璐.

中国历代政区分等及其现实意义

[J]. 中国行政管理, 2022(3): 90-97.

[本文引用: 2]

[Hua Linfu, Hu Cunlu.

Grade-determination of administrative division of China through the ages and its practical significance

Chinese Public Administration, 2022(3): 90-97.]

[本文引用: 2]

殷冠文, 刘云刚.

区划调整的城市化逻辑与效应

[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(4): 48-55.

[本文引用: 1]

[Yin Guanwen, Liu Yungang.

Administrative division adjustment and its effects on urbanization process in China

Economic Geography, 2020, 40(4): 48-55.]

[本文引用: 1]

朱建华, 陈田, 王开泳, 等.

改革开放以来中国行政区划格局演变与驱动力分析

[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(2): 247-258.

DOI:10.11821/dlyj201502005      [本文引用: 2]

行政区划变更与社会经济发展密切相关,也影响着社会经济的健康发展。主要分析了1978年以来35年间中国县级以上各类型行政区的数量变化,根据变化特征和规律划分出四个发展阶段,阐述了各个阶段行政区划空间格局的发展变化,总结了中国行政区划演变的五种主要模式：建制变更、行政区拆分、行政区合并、建制升格以及新设立行政区。行政区划格局的演变受多种因素的影响,城镇化进程、中心城市的空间拓展、人口的集聚与增长、交通和通讯条件的改善以及政策因素都是行政区划格局演变的重要驱动力。在新型城镇化背景下,应该加强中国行政区划时空格局演变和驱动力分析,以期为中国未来的行政区划调整和城镇化的健康发展提供一些指导与借鉴。

[Zhu Jianhua, Chen Tian, Wang Kaiyong, et al.

Spatial pattern evolution and driving force analysis of administrative division in China since the reform and opening-up

Geographical Research, 2015, 34(2): 247-258.]

DOI:10.11821/dlyj201502005      [本文引用: 2]

The changes of administrative divisions are closely related to social and economic development, and affect the health of the social and economy development. This thesis mainly analyzes the variation in value of various kinds of administrative divisions which are above the county level during the last 35 years (1978-2013). It is divided into four stages according to the varying characteristics and pattern which are 1978-1982, 1982-1996, 1997-2003 and 2004-2013.The charts and diagrams illustrated the evolution of temporal-spatial patterns of each stage. The number and proportion of counties have been declining. During 1978-1996, the number of county-level cities had been rising and was mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal region. Thus, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and other city groups formed. The number and proportion of municipal districts are growing steadily. The municipal districts are concentrated in the eastern and northeastern regions. Since 2003, the spatial distribution pattern of administrative divisions is basically stable. Now, municipal districts and county-level cities are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern regions, but counties are mainly concentrated in the central and western regions.This paper summarizes the five main modes of the administrative divisions of China which are the change of the organizational system, the division of the administrative districts, the combination of the administrative districts, the upgrade of the organizational system and the establishment of the administrative districts.The pattern of evolution of administrative divisions is affected by many factors. This thesis draws the conclusion that the important driving forces include the progress of urbanization, spatial expansion of the central cities, agglomeration and growth of population, the improvement of the transportation and communication conditions and the government policies. Under the new urbanization background, this paper aims to provide some guidance and references for the future adjustment of the administrative districts in China and healthy development of urbanization through strengthening the study on the evolution and driving force of the temporal-spatial pattern in China's administrative districts.

郭其友, 汪阳.

“撤县设区”的区域经济平衡增长效应的研究

[J]. 南京社会科学, 2020(9): 39-48.

[本文引用: 2]

[Guo Qiyou, Wang Yang.

A study on the regional economic balanced growth effect of city-county mergers

Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences, 2020(9): 39-48.]

[本文引用: 2]

吴建民, 丁疆辉.

2000年以来中国县级行政区划调整的类型、特征及趋势分析

[J]. 热带地理, 2018, 38(6): 799-809.

DOI:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003079      [本文引用: 1]

系统地梳理了2000—2016年中国县级行政区划调整的631个案例，归纳了县级行政区划调整的主要类型，包括撤县（市）设区、撤县设市、行政区合并、增设行政区、边界调整、隶属变更和建制升格7类，发现各种类型变更的背后都隐含着深刻的社会经济背景和特定的需求。详细分析了县级行政区划调整数量和类型的时空分布特征，发现具有时间上集中和空间上聚集相结合的特点，随着不同时期国家或区域发展的战略导向不同，县级行政区划调整的构成和指向会随之发生变化；县级行政区划变更有着明显区域差别，经济发达和城镇化发育较高的地区是调整重点，城镇化导向突出；县级行政区划较多的省份变更频繁，减少了县和县级市数量；注重了民族地区和边疆地区行政区划变革，有利于促进民族和边疆地区发展。立足于空间治理，认为县级行政区划调整和优化基本上围绕城镇化、区域发展、边疆治理和民族地区发展等战略的要求展开，代表了未来调整的趋向。

[Wu Jianmin, Ding Jianghui.

Types, characteristics and tendency of county-level administrative division adjustment in China since 2000

Tropical Geography, 2018, 38(6): 799-809.]

DOI:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003079      [本文引用: 1]

<p>The adjustment of administrative divisions at county-level is an important manifestation of national spatial governance. This thesis mainly reviews 631 cases of county-level administrative divisions adjustment in China from 2000 to 2016, and summarizes the main types of county administrative division adjustment, including turning counties (cities) into districts, turning counties into cities, the combination of the administrative districts, the establishment of the administrative districts, boundary adjustment, affiliated change and institutional upgrading. This part of research shows that the type of changes implies a profound socioeconomic context and specific needs. The charts and diagrams analyze the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the county-level administrative division adjustment of various types and quantities, which is characterized by the combination of time concentration and spatial aggregation. It is found that the content and direction of the administrative divisions&rsquo; adjustment at county-level will change along with the different strategic orientations of different countries or regions. Through the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions, the number of county-level cities has been increased, the scale and space of urban areas in large cities have been expanded, the spatial resources of urban internal areas have been reorganized, and the spatial structure of administrative districts has been upgraded. Based on the spatial management, this paper argues that the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions is of great significance in the national spatial governance and optimization of economic and social development. It is essentially to establish a more complete system and spatial foundation for the modernization of state governance. On the tendency of development, it is believed that the study of the relationship between the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions and national strategy and regional development, and the research of implicit logic from the exploration process of the county-level administrative division reconstruction will become a hot spot. The adjustment and optimization of county-level administrative divisions are basically carried out in accordance with the requirements of urbanization, regional development, border governance and ethnic regional development. According to the research, this paper aims to provide a reference for the reform of county-level administrative divisions in China, and to provide ideas for improving the type structure of county-level administrative divisions and optimizing spatial distribution. Through the research, it can also provide basic support for promoting the study of the modernization of state governance and optimizing the set of county-level administrative divisions.</p>

魏衡, 魏清泉, 曹天艳, 等.

城市化进程中行政区划调整的类型、问题与发展

[J]. 人文地理, 2009, 24(6): 55-58.

[本文引用: 2]

[Wei Heng, Wei Qingquan, Cao Tianyan, et al.

Types, problems and changes for readjustment of administrative divisions in the process of urbanization

Human Geography, 2009, 24(6): 55-58.]

[本文引用: 2]

吴金群, 廖超超.

我国城市行政区划改革中的尺度重组与地域重构: 基于1978年以来的数据

[J]. 江苏社会科学, 2019(5): 90-106, 258.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wu Jinqun, Liao Chaochao.

Scale reorganization and regional reconstruction in the reform of urban administrative division in China: Based on data since 1978

Jiangsu Social Sciences, 2019(5): 90-106, 258.]

[本文引用: 1]

陈田, 王开泳, 陈妤凡.

行政区划调整对政区位势的影响与定量化测度: 以重庆市为例

[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 654-661.

DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.05.002      [本文引用: 1]

行政区划调整是提升行政管理效率和促进经济发展的重要手段,由此改变政区的位势和发展轨迹,重塑城市发展活力和区域发展格局。政区位势的测度可以较好的评价行政区划调整的效能。建立基于生产函数的政区位势模型,以重庆市为案例,测算其设立直辖市前后的政区位势及其区划调整的相对区位势能,以探析影响政区位势变化的机制。研究表明：① 政区位势与该地的交通通达度、资源控制能力及综合发展规模有关;② 行政区划调整对政区位势变化具有正向作用,但该影响效果具有滞后效应;③ 设立直辖市对重庆市而言不仅意味着行政级别的提升,政区位势也不断上升,相对区位势能均大于1,但该提升幅度正从快速优化趋于平缓发展。

[Chen Tian, Wang Kaiyong, Chen Yufan.

The influence and qualitative measure methods of administrative division adjustment on administrative region potential: Taking Chongqing City as a case

Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 654-661.]

DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.05.002      [本文引用: 1]

The adjustment of administrative divisions is an important means to improve the efficiency of administrative management and promote economic development, which can often change the potential and development track of an administrative region, and reshape the vitality of urban development and regional development pattern. By quantitatively measuring the change of the potential caused by the administrative division adjustment, the effectiveness of the administrative division adjustment can be evaluated, and the internal relations with the social and economic development can be measured. This article tries to establish a quantitative measurement model of the potential of administrative region derived from Cobb-Douglas production function. Taking Chongqing City as a case, the article calculates the potential and the relative energy of the adjustment of the municipality before and after the establishment of the municipality directly under the central government, in order to explore and analyze the mechanism that affects the change of potential of an administrative region. Researches show that: 1) The potential of administrative region is related to the traffic accessibility, resource control capacity and comprehensive development scale. And there is interaction between each factor and it. 2) Administrative division adjustment has a positive effect on the change of potential of administrative region, but the effect has lag effect and cannot be realized in a short time. 3) The establishment of Chongqing Municipality does not only mean the promotion of the administrative level, but also the increasing potential of administrative region. Its relative potential of administrative region is greater than 1 since the establishment of municipality, but the increase range is changed from the rapid tends to develop slowly. 4) With the establishment of the Chongqing Municipality, the construction of its transportation network has been gradually improved, the financial management has been successfully transformed, the economic growth has been rapid, and the financial and economic win-win situation has been achieved. Compared to the pre zoning adjustment period, the regional comparative advantages are prominent, and the competitive power is becoming more and more outstanding. This article puts forward new vision and new methods from the perspective of administrative region potential to measure the influence of administrative division adjustment quantitatively, whose deficiency is that the indicators for measuring the resource control capacity in case areas are not comprehensive, and the research area of this paper, Chongqing City, has its particularity. In the future, we will focus on the change of the effectiveness of the administrative division adjustment in the general regions, so as to gradually deepen the understanding of the political location potential.

王开泳, 冯润东.

行政区划调整对政区位势的影响与定量化测度

[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1617-1632.

DOI:10.11821/dlxb202008005      [本文引用: 1]

行政区划是国家治理和社会发展的重要支撑,行政区划调整是促进区域协调发展的重要手段。在全球化与区域化背景下,适时推进行政区划调整是重构区域发展格局,改变区域政区位势的基本途径。本文立足于区域协调发展的视角,构建基于区域相互作用理论、空间场能模型和幂指数函数的政区位势模型,以合肥—芜湖地区为例,测算2011年原巢湖地级市拆分后其政区位势的变化情况以及对区域协调发展的影响效能。研究表明:① 政区位势与政区的行政管辖能力、行政资源和区域协调发展潜力密切相关。② 2005—2015年期间研究区整体政区位势和协调发展潜力增幅分别由地级巢湖市撤销前的61.79%和0.21%提高到116.51%和3.05%;且行政区划调整后政区位势增速明显快于经济发展与人口增速。③ 运用政区位势模型能对行政区划调整进行测度和空间化表达,其测度结果既能与社会发展等复杂影响相区别,又能与真实的社会经济发展状况相符合,既重视个体发展又兼顾区域协调发展。行政区划调整能显著提高研究区的政区位势,促进社会经济进步,且有利于破除空间障碍和行政壁垒,推进区域协调可持续发展。

[Wang Kaiyong, Feng Rundong.

Quantitative simulation and empirical analysis of regional effects of administrative division adjustment from the perspective of coordinated development

Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1617-1632.]

DOI:10.11821/dlxb202008005      [本文引用: 1]

Administrative divisions are the important foundation of national governance and social development, and the adjustment of administrative divisions is a critical way to promote regional coordinated development. Under the background of globalization and regionalization, timely adjustment of administrative divisions is a major step to reconstruct the regional development pattern and change the administrative rank potential energy of relevant regional governments. In the perspective of regional coordinated development, this paper constructs a regional administrative rank potential energy model based on the theory of regional interaction, spatial field energy model and power exponential function. Taking Hefei-Wuhu region as an example, this paper examines the change of administrative rank potential energy and its effect on regional coordinated development after the dismantling of the former Chaohu prefecture-level city. The results show that: (1) administrative rank potential energy is closely related to the administrative jurisdiction, administrative resources and the potential of regional coordinated development. (2) During 2005-2015, the growth rate of the overall administrative rank potential energy and coordinated development potential of the study area increased from 61.79% and 0.21% before the withdrawal of prefecture-level Chaohu city to 116.51% and 3.05% respectively. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, the growth rate of administrative rank potential energy is much higher than that of economic development and population increase. (3) The model of administrative rank potential energy can measure and express the adjustment of administrative divisions spatially. The result of the model is different from the complex influence brought by factors such as social development, which accords with the real status of social and economic development. The adjustment of administrative divisions focuses on both individual development and regional integration. It can not only significantly improve the administrative rank potential energy of the study area, promote social and economic development, but also help to break down spatial barriers and administrative barriers, and promote regional coordination and sustainable development.

王开泳, 董瑶嘉.

撤县(市)设区对新设区公共服务设施的影响及作用机制: 以长春市九台区为例

[J]. 中国名城, 2021, 35(8): 28-34.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wang Kaiyong, Dong Yaojia.

The influence and mechanism of turning counties (cities) into districts on public service facilities in new districts: Take Jiutai District of Changchun City as an example

China Ancient City, 2021, 35(8): 28-34.]

[本文引用: 1]

董里, 涂锦.

我国行政区划变迁的动力因素实证分析

[J]. 软科学, 2011, 25(1): 61-62, 66.

[本文引用: 2]

[Dong Li, Tu Jin.

Analysis of driving factors of the changes of Chinese administrative division

Soft Science, 2011, 25(1): 61-62, 66.]

[本文引用: 2]

赵彪.

中国县收缩的时空演化特征及其影响因素

[J/OL]. 世界地理研究, 2022. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1626.p.20220825.1329.002.html.

URL     [本文引用: 3]

[Zhao Biao.

The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of county shrinkage and its influencing factors in China since reform and opening up

World Regional Studies, 2022. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1626.p.20220825.1329.002.html.]

URL     [本文引用: 3]

姜明栋, 陈雯雯, 许静茹.

“撤县设区”提高城市经济效率了吗? 来自设区市面板数据的实证研究

[J]. 经济体制改革, 2022(3): 180-186.

[本文引用: 3]

[Jiang Mingdong, Chen Wenwen, Xu Jingru.

Has "city-county merger" improved the cities' economic efficiency? Empirical test based on panel data from city divided into districts

Reform of Economic System, 2022(3): 180-186.]

[本文引用: 3]

庄汝龙, 李光勤, 梁龙武, 等.

撤县设区与区域经济发展: 基于双重差分方法的政策评估

[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(6): 1386-1400.

DOI:10.11821/dlyj020180257      [本文引用: 2]

撤县设区作为行政区划调整的一项政策措施,对于缓解土地资源紧张、推动城市化进程、加快经济一体化方面具有重要意义,但其对区域经济发展的多维影响及其机制还有待进一步验证。以广东省为研究区域,利用79个县（市）2000—2015年的面板数据,运用双重差分方法系统考察撤县设区对区域经济发展的“净”影响。结果表明：撤县设区显著促进了区域经济发展,平均而言,撤县设区对经济发展的贡献为4.8%;撤县设区在珠三角地区效果更好,而在非珠三角地区不稳定;撤县设区的政策红利具有时间滞后性,一般在第三、第四年才开始显现;此外,机制分析发现,撤县设区后能够获得基建、规划、政策等的有力支持,增加财政收入和固定资产投资,有助于第二产业及其相关产业发展,并在增加就业和刺激消费基础上着力推动经济发展。

[Zhuang Rulong, Li Guangqin, Liang Longwu, et al.

Turning county into district and regional economic growth: Policy evaluation based on difference-in-difference method

Geographical Research, 2020, 39(6): 1386-1400.]

DOI:10.11821/dlyj020180257      [本文引用: 2]

Turning counties into districts (TCID) is a policy of administrative division adjustment in order to alleviate the strain on land resources, promote urbanization and speed up regional economic integration. But its multidimensional impact on regional economy and its mechanism remains to be further investigated and verified. Therefore, under the help of Difference-in-Difference Method, the paper takes Guangdong province as the research area and uses the panel data of 79 counties (cities) from 2000 to 2015 to analyze and solve the above problems. The results show that: TCID significantly promotes the regional economic growth. Generally, its contribution to the regional economic growth rate was 0.48%; the policy effect performed better in the Pearl River Delta and less stably in other regions. The embodiment of policy dividend has time lag, and generally and emerges in the third or four year. In addition, TCID can get the infrastructure, planning, policies and other strong support. Meanwhile, increasing financial revenue and investment in fixed assets helps the development of secondary industries and related industries. Finally, it is effective to promote regional economic growth by raising employment rates and stimulating consumption. The policy recommendations of this article aim to, with the opportunity to reform the administrative system, organically combine the development of industry with the service industry, especially the productive service industry, speed up the optimization and upgrading of the local industrial structure so as to promote the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the regional economy.

佟岩, 谢玉夫.

城市行政区划调整对空间布局优化效应的量化分析: 以沈阳市为例

[J]. 现代城市研究, 2013, 28(7): 37-42, 7.

[本文引用: 1]

[Tong Yan, Xie Yufu.

A quantitative analysis of the city administrative division adjustment to space layout optimization: A case study of Shenyang

Modern Urban Research, 2013, 28(7): 37-42, 7.]

[本文引用: 1]

陈妤凡, 王开泳.

撤县(市)设区对城市空间扩展的影响机理: 以杭州市为例

[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(2): 221-234.

DOI:10.11821/dlyj020180870      [本文引用: 1]

城镇化的持续推进对城市空间扩展产生了新的需求,撤县（市）设区是中国城市市辖区实现扩容提质的主要手段之一。以杭州为例,定量测度撤县（市）设区后杭州城区空间扩展的时空特征及其各方面的影响,并探讨了这一区划调整对城市空间扩展影响的作用机理。研究发现：通过撤县（市）设区,杭州城区的建设用地东扩趋势明显,萧山和余杭两区的建设用地新增面积和扩展速度均高于平均水平,且两地建设用地空间存在多中心集聚特征,成为新一轮的杭州建设用地扩展高密度区,城市功能不断凸显。总体来看,撤县（市）设区对城市空间的影响是间接的,具有一定的滞后性,通过引导城市空间扩展的主要方向,实现中心城市人口和产业向新设市辖区的转移和集聚,提供城市空间扩展的载体。撤县（市）设区后需要通过后续的城市规划修编、土地性质和权限调整、生产要素集聚与空间重组等路径,对城市空间扩张与空间演变产生直接影响。

[Chen Yufan, Wang Kaiyong.

Influence and mechanism of "Turning counties (cities) into districts" on urban space expansion: Taking Hangzhou as a case study

Geographical Research, 2019, 38(2): 221-234.]

DOI:10.11821/dlyj020180870      [本文引用: 1]

The continuous promotion of urbanization has created new demands for urban spatial expansion. "Turning counties (cities) into districts" has been one of the main means to enlarge urban area and optimize structure of large cities in China. Taking Hangzhou as an example, this paper quantifies the spatial-temporal characteristics of urban spatial expansion after "Turning counties (cities) into districts", and discusses the mechanism of this administrative division adjustment on urban spatial expansion. The results show that "Turning counties (cities) into districts" has positive effect on urban expansion in Hangzhou. The urban construction land in Hangzhou has been expanding continuously since 2000, especially after "Turning counties (cities) into districts", the trend of eastward expansion of construction land in Hangzhou is more obvious. Specifically speaking, on the one hand, the expansion rate of construction land in Xiaoshan and Yuhang is higher than the average level. On the other hand, construction land in Hangzhou is concentrated in the multi-center of space, the "Core-Periphery" characteristic of construction land in the whole city is weakened. The new construction land is mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the city. Xiaoshan and Yuhang become the new high-density areas for construction land expansion after "Turning counties (cities) into districts", and urban functions continue to be highlighted in these two municipal districts. "Turning counties (cities) into districts" should be regarded as an important driving force for urban expansion, but not the only one. According to the theory of scale and boundary, "Turning counties (cities) into districts" has indirect effects on urban expansion, which requires the following routes: urban planning and revision, adjustment of land properties and privilege, spatial reorganization of production factors. The joint action of all factors affects the urban spatial expansion and spatial evolution, and then affects the evolution of regional structure. It is a comprehensive research topic to study the influence and mechanism of "Turning counties (cities) into districts" on urban space expansion. This paper focuses on the spatial and temporal changes of construction land in new districts before and after "Turning counties (cities) into districts", and explores the interrelationship between "Turning counties (cities) into districts" and other driving forces. This is a necessary prerequisite for the adjustment of administrative divisions, and can provide reference for the future adjustment of urban administrative divisions.

詹新宇, 曾傅雯.

行政区划调整提升经济发展质量了吗? 来自“撤县设区”的经验证据

[J]. 财贸研究, 2021, 32(4): 70-82.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhan Xinyu, Zeng Fuwen.

Does adjustment of administrative divisions improve economic development quality? Empirical evidence from the "city-county merger"

Finance and Trade Research, 2021, 32(4): 70-82.]

[本文引用: 1]

徐少杰, 王开泳, 王甫园, 等.

城市行政中心迁移的经济效应评估与作用机制分析: 以青岛市为例

[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(12): 2258-2270.

DOI:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.006      [本文引用: 1]

城市行政中心迁移是地方政府进行空间治理的重要手段，对城市经济发展具有深远的影响。论文以青岛市为案例，选取1988—2010年城市面板数据，采用合成控制法探究城市行政中心迁移的经济效应并分析背后的作用机制。结果表明：① 城市行政中心迁移可以提高以GDP对数值为衡量单位的城市经济效益，但经济增长效应具有滞后性；② 青岛城市行政中心迁移后，城市经济在短期内仍有惯性表现，城市行政中心迁移的经济增长效应在政策实施的第6年开始显现，整个城市的经济发展阶段可分为投资建设、缓慢增长、快速增长和趋于稳定4个阶段；③ 青岛城市行政中心迁移所带来的经济增长效应可以从政府引导效应、投资驱动效应和要素驱动效应3个方面去理解。研究不仅证明了城市行政中心迁移对城市经济的促进效应，也为地方政府评估行政中心迁移方案提供了重要参考。

[Xu Shaojie, Wang Kaiyong, Wang Fuyuan, et al.

Economic effects evaluation and mechanism analysis of urban administrative center relocation: A case study of Qingdao City

Progress in Geography, 2022, 41(12): 2258-2270.]

DOI:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.006      [本文引用: 1]

Urban administrative center relocation is an important means for local governments to carry out spatial governance. Scientifically based and well-planned urban administrative center relocation has a profound impact on urban economic growth. Taking Qingdao City as a case, this study used the urban panel data from 1988 to 2010 and the synthetic control method to explore the economic effect of urban administrative center relocation and analyze the underlying mechanism. The results show that: 1) The relocation of urban administrative center can improve urban economic performance measured by the logarithm of GDP, but the economic growth effect is lagged. 2) After the relocation of Qingdao's urban administrative center, the urban economic performance showed inertia in the short term. The economic growth effect of the relocation of urban administrative center began to appear in the sixth year of the implementation of the policy. The economic development of the whole city can be divided into four stages: investment and construction, slow growth, rapid growth, and stabilization. 3) The economic growth effect brought by the relocation of Qingdao's urban administrative center can be understood from three aspects: government-led effect, investment-driven effect, and factor-driven effect. This study not only proves the promotion effect of urban administrative center relocation on urban economy, but also provides an important reference for local governments to evaluate the relocation scheme of administrative centers.

李郇, 徐现祥.

中国撤县(市)设区对城市经济增长的影响分析

[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(8): 1202-1214.

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201508002      [本文引用: 1]

撤县（市）设区是通过打破行政区经济,减少行政区边界,实现以地级市为基础的经济一体化的重要手段,采用政策评估的常用工具——倍差法,对中国1990-2007年的撤县（市）设区的样本进行了分析,发现撤县（市）设区对城市经济增长具有约5年的短期促进作用,主要表现在人均GDP增长率、人均固定资产投资增长率、人均消费增长率等方面,对人均道路面积和人均公共汽车数量的增长率则是先抑后扬,对相邻城市的经济增长则具有约2年的短期促进作用;并以佛山撤县（市）设区为案例,分析了短期促进作用的来源和长期激励消失的原因,认为基础设施投资是政府在撤县（市）设区后的主要行为,以此带动产业转移和房地产消费,进而促进了经济增长;但由于撤县（市）设区削弱了地方政府的发展权限,向上级政府集中了资源的控制权,使得地方长期经济发展的激励消失。

[Li Xun, Xu Xianxiang.

Impact analysis of turning counties (cities) into districts to the urban economic growth in China

Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(8): 1202-1214.]

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201508002      [本文引用: 1]

In order to accomplish economic integration of prefecture, turning counties into districts dominates policy instruments of prefecture-level governments in way of breaking the administrative economy and reducing administrative borders. However, our research casts doubt on this policy instrument. In this paper we have introduced the DID (difference in difference) method which is generally applied in policy evaluation area, to analysis the city sample of turning counties (cities) into districts between 1990 and 2007 in China. And we have found the policy of turning counties (cities) into districts only have short-term effect in promoting the cities' economic growth in about 5 years, which embodied in certain indicators - per capita GDP growth, per capita growth rate of fixed asset investment, per capita consumption growth, etc. As for the growth rate of per capita road area and per capita of the number of buses, the effect is the first decline after rally, while the effect on adjacent cities' economic growth only lasted two years. In second part, the case study of Foshan is launched to explain causes for above-mentioned short-term rather than long-term incentive. We claim that investing in the cities' infrastructure will be local governments' primary behavior after the policy of turning counties (cities) into districts, and this behavior will promote industrial transfer and stimulate the real estate market, thus contributing to the cities' economic growth. However, turning counties into districts discourages county-level development by centralizing prefecture-level governments' control rights over resources and weakening development rights of county government. So we conclude the process to the regional economic integration by administrative means only have short-term effect because of the disappearance of long-term incentives.

张琛, 孔祥智.

行政区划调整与粮食生产: 来自合成控制法的证据

[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2017, 17(3): 121-133, 159.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhang Chen, Kong Xiangzhi.

Administrative boundary adjustment and grain production: Evidence from synthetic control methods

Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2017, 17(3): 121-133, 159.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘云刚, 靳杰.

区划调整的城市化效应: 中山市的案例研究

[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(8): 1047-1057.

DOI:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.08.005      [本文引用: 1]

改革开放以来,中国进入快速城市化发展期,地方政府在城市发展中的作用凸显,而区划调整是其最常用的行政手段之一。区划调整带来土地的快速非农化,但同时也带来了虚假城市化、被动城市化等诟病。本文通过对广东省中山市行政区划调整的案例研究,探讨了地方政府采取区划调整推动地区发展的时效性,并以此为基础,定义了“区划调整先导型城市化”的概念。即以区划调整为先导,带动乡村地区基础设施、产业结构、社会管理、居民意识等的城市化转型。这种转型过程在短期来看是“虚假”的,但从长时段来看则是一种由虚假→部分真实→真实的渐进城市化过程。对于该结论的普适性,尚待进一步的研究。

[Liu Yungang, Jin Jie.

Effect of city administrative division adjustment on urbanization: A case study of Zhongshan City

Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(8): 1047-1057.]

DOI:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.08.005      [本文引用: 1]

China has experienced a rapid urbanization period since the adoption of the opening-up policy and the economic reform from the late 1970s. The urbanization rate of China has reached 52.57% in 2012. According to the statistics, urban population of China increased from 373 million in 1996 to 712 million in 2012. Urban area also expanded from 13000 km2 to 45750.7 km2, which represents a 252% increase. How China achieves this tremendous rate of urban population growth and how this process occurs in such a short period of time became important questions in urban transition research. To understand the process and mechanism of urban making and urbanization in China, the role of local governments needs to be examined. Previous studies show that the rapid functional change of land use brings about a series of urban problems, such as pseudo-urbanization and passive urbanization. This paper explores the change of administration division of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, and found that the development of the South Area and the West Area of Zhongshan City has undergone a pseudo-urbanization to real urbanization process. The focus of the study is on the adjustment of administrative regions (AAR) implemented in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. Using an ethnographic examination of the AAR process and the role played by various stakeholders, we investigate the effects of the AAR, specifically, does it create "passive" or "fake" urbanization? In the conclusion, we further discuss the theory of urbanization in China and link it to the concept of government-led administrative unit adjusting urbanization. We argue that government-led adjusting urbanization is characterized by a transformation from passive and fake urbanization at the beginning of the process to proactive and real urbanization at later stages. Accordingly, rural land, populations, industry, and lifestyles are all converted into city property. The study used participatory observation and questionnaire survey methods. The result shows that the local government indeed pushed the urbanization by adjusting different administration districts, that is, engaged in the "government-led adjusting urbanization". It suggests that a long term and more inclusive examination method of Chinese urbanization mechanism is required, which should be more suitable in China than the western definition of urbanization. The "government-led adjusting urbanization" might be a special phenomenon only occurred in China. Whether it serves the purpose of the government remains a question that needs to be answered by further case study and research.

匡贞胜, 申立, 肖莎.

资源型地区的结构变迁与行政区划改革: 以伊春市为例

[J]. 经济社会体制比较, 2021 (4): 129-139.

[本文引用: 1]

[Kuang Zhensheng, Shen Li, Xiao Sha.

The structural transformation of resource-based regions and administrative restructuring: A case study based on Yichun

Comparative Economic & Social Systems, 2021 (4): 129-139.]

[本文引用: 1]

杨桐彬, 朱英明, 周波.

行政区划调整对城市化发展失衡的影响: 基于撤县设区的准自然实验

[J]. 现代财经(天津财经大学学报), 2020, 40(8): 88-99.

[本文引用: 1]

[Yang Tongbin, Zhu Yingming, Zhou Bo.

The influence of administrative division adjustment on the unbalance of urbanization development: A quasi natural experiment on "county to the urban areas" reforms

Modern Finance and Economics: Journal of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 2020, 40(8): 88-99.]

[本文引用: 1]

钟粤俊, 梁超.

行政区划调整与企业家时间配置: 基于撤县设区的视角

[J]. 财贸经济, 2021, 42(8): 97-112.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhong Yuejun, Liang Chao.

Administrative boundary adjustment and entrepreneurs' time allocation: Evidence from city-county merger in China

Finance & Trade Economics, 2021, 42(8): 97-112.]

[本文引用: 1]

Munroe D K, Croissant C, York A M.

Land use policy and landscape fragmentation in an urbanizing region: Assessing the impact of zoning

[J]. Applied Geography, 2005, 25(2): 121-141.

DOI:10.1016/j.apgeog.2005.03.004      URL     [本文引用: 1]

朱建华, 修春亮.

1949年以来东北地区行政区划演变格局与成因分析

[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(4): 606-615.

DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.04.010      [本文引用: 1]

东北地区是中国北方一个完整而独立的地理和文化区域。建国以来,东北地区的行政区划格局发生了很大变化,主要分为以下5个阶段：1949~1955年,省级政区大调整阶段;1955~1969年,省级政区稳定,地级、县级政区频繁分合阶段;1969~1979年,内蒙古东部地区划归东北三省阶段;1979~1996年,地级、县级政区调整频繁阶段;1997年至今,行政区划调整较少、以县市改区为主,政区相对比较稳定阶段。经济发展水平、交通条件、历史文化、自然地理和政策标准等因素对东北地区行政区划格局与调整产生了重要影响。最后分析了目前东北地区行政区划不同层级方面存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出了行政区划调整的优化路径。

[Zhu Jianhua, Xiu Chunliang.

The evolutionary pattern and contributing factor of administrative division adjustment in Northeast China since 1949

Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(4): 606-615.]

DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.04.010      [本文引用: 1]

The Northeast is a complete and independent geographical and cultural region in northern China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China(1949), the administrative division pattern in Northeast China has changed a lot. The administrative division adjustment is mainly divided into the following five stages: In 1949-1955, the provincial-level administrative districts were adjusted frequently. In 1955-1969, the provincial-level administrative district was stable, the prefecture level and county-level administrative districts were frequently split and merged. In 1969-1979, the eastern region of Inner Mongolia was allocated to the three provinces (Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang) of Northeast China; In 1979-1996, the prefecture-level and county-level administrative districts were adjusted frequently. Many counties changed to cities and municipal districts. From 1997 to the present, this stage was relatively stable, administrative divisions were adjusted less. The counties and cities were mainly changed to municipal districts. Factors such as the level of economic development, traffic conditions, history and culture, physical geography conditions, and policies or standards have had important impact on the pattern and adjustment of administrative divisions in the Northeast China. Finally, the article analyzes the main problems of the administrative divisions in Northeast China, and proposes the optimization path of administrative division adjustment. The authors put forward the following suggestions: At the provincial level, four prefecture-level cities in eastern Inner Mongolia will be built separately and named Xing'an Province. At the prefecture-level, the Jiagedaqi and Songling District will be placed under the Daxinganling Area, and chang the Daxinganling Area to a prefecture-level city. At the county level, the counties and the mega-towns with good development conditions will be changed to county-level cities for increasing the number of small cities. At the township level, continuing to promote the "township merger", and townships around the big city will be changed to street offices.

陈妤凡, 王开泳.

改革开放以来我国撤县(市)设区的变动格局与动因分析

[J]. 城市发展研究, 2018, 25(10): 41-50.

[本文引用: 1]

[Chen Yufan, Wang Kaiyong.

Analysis on the change pattern and causes of "turning counties (cities) into district" in China since the reform and opening-up

Urban Development Studies, 2018, 25(10): 41-50.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘君德.

城市规划行政区划社区建设

[J]. 城市规划, 2002, 26(2): 34-39.

[本文引用: 1]

[Liu Junde.

Urban planning, administrative delimitation and community development

City Planning Review, 2002, 26(2): 34-39.]

[本文引用: 1]

李金龙, 张琦.

区域文化: 我国行政区划体制改革的重要因素

[J]. 江西社会科学, 2014, 34(4): 220-226.

[本文引用: 1]

[Li Jinlong, Zhang Qi.

The important factor about administrative division system reform of China

Jiangxi Social Sciences, 2014, 34(4): 220-226.]

[本文引用: 1]

王宏波.

关于中国省级行政区划改革的思考

[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2009, 9(3): 101-104.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wang Hongbo.

Thinking about reform of China's provincial administrative divisions

Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2009, 9(3): 101-104.]

[本文引用: 1]

李金龙, 马珍妙.

行政省直管县体制改革的理性思考

[J]. 湖南师范大学社会科学学报, 2015, 44(3): 19-26.

[本文引用: 1]

[Li Jinlong, Ma Zhenmiao.

Rational thinking on administrative system reform of province-governing-county

Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University, 2015, 44(3): 19-26.]

[本文引用: 1]

杨宇, 董雯, 刘毅.

多元视角下的新疆行政区划调整思考

[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(10): 1367-1379.

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201310006      [本文引用: 1]

受城市发展、民族政策等方面的影响,新疆的行政区划调整一直滞后于全国,现行行政区划已经不符合新疆经济社会发展的需求。在新疆跨越式发展和各省市对口援建新疆的大背景下,适时进行新疆行政区划的调整优化,对新疆经济社会的发展具有重要意义。本文基于不同视角对理想状态下新疆行政区划调整的方案进行了思考,得出以下结论:① 在交通优先原则下,应着重构建交通主廊道,在成片绿洲区域建立起支撑区域城镇功能组织优化的集散地和交通枢纽等。② 在经济优先原则下,可以将绿洲区域看作相对均质的空间,强化各绿洲区域中心城市基本职能对周边区域的辐射和带动作用。③ 在功能区原则下,应着重考虑新疆城镇的发展受制于自然条件和生态环境的严格约束,行政区划的调整应有利于实现地域主体功能和区域可持续发展。④ 不同原则下的行政区划调整方案的侧重点不同,应对不同原则下共同指向的城市优先进行调整,而对于某一原则下须调整的城市则可结合国家的战略方针、区域稳定和新疆经济发展形势等因素综合考虑。

[Yang Yu, Dong Wen, Liu Yi.

Administrative adjustment of Xinjiang in multiple perspectives

Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(10): 1367-1379.]

DOI:10.11821/dlxb201310006      [本文引用: 1]

The reform of administrative division in Xinjiang has been lagging behind the whole country and behind its economic development affected by urban development and national policies. Under the background of supporting development of Xinjiang, adjustment and optimization of the administrative divisions have important implications for its economic and social development. Based on different prior principles, we carry out different schemes as follows. (1) Under the transport principle, it is very important to build the main traffic corridor and establish distribution center and transportation hub which can optimize the functional organization in the oasis area. (2) Viewed from the economic principle, the oasis area can be seen as relatively homogeneous space. It is important to strengthen the basic functions of the central city that can play a leading role in the oasis. (3) Under the principle of functional zone, we should consider the development of cities and towns in Xinjiang constrained by natural conditions and the eco-environment. Adjustment of administrative divisions should be conducive to the realization of the main geographical functions and sustainable regional development. (4) Programs which focus on different principles can lead to different conclusions. The common point at different principles will have priority to adjustment. The cities that need to be adjusted for a principle can be combined with national strategy, regional stability and economic development situation and so on.

匡贞胜.

中国近年来行政区划调整的逻辑何在? 基于EHA-Logistic模型的实证分析

[J]. 公共行政评论, 2020, 13(4): 22-40, 205.

[本文引用: 2]

[Kuang Zhensheng.

What are the logics of recent administrative divisions adjustments in China: An empirical analysis based on EHA-logistic model

Journal of Public Administration, 2020, 13(4): 22-40, 205.]

[本文引用: 2]

杨宇泽, 叶林.

发达国家城市合并的理论研究述评

[J]. 公共管理与政策评论, 2020, 9(3): 86-96.

[本文引用: 1]

[Yang Yuze, Ye Lin.

A literature review of theory and research on municipal amalgamation in developed countries

Public Administration and Policy Review, 2020, 9(3): 86-96.]

[本文引用: 1]

朱建华, 王开泳, 陈田.

国内外城市型政区设置研究进展与展望

[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(8): 987-997.

DOI:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.08.006      [本文引用: 2]

政区设置的科学性与合理性,关系到行政管理效率和政权的稳定性,因此受到世界各国的普遍重视。城市型政区的设置与调整是城镇化发展进程的客观要求,城市型政区不仅包括直辖市、地级市、县级市等各级城市,还包含市辖区、建制镇和街道等。建制市是城市型政区的主要类型,中国的建制市仅有百年历史,却有着极其复杂的演变过程,尤其是改革开放以来,随着城市数量的快速增加,城市型政区设置变化较大。本文在辨析城市型政区相关概念与内涵的基础上,重点分析了城市型政区的演变过程、设置模式、层级与管辖幅度,并对国内外城市型政区的研究方法进行了梳理与总结。在此基础上,评述了国内外城市型政区研究的主要特征与存在的不足,得出以下启示：合理设置城市型政区、创新大都市区管理体制以及减少城市行政层级。最后,通过对国内外城市型政区的行政区划研究进展的总结,对未来的研究方向提出了展望。

[Zhu Jianhua, Wang Kaiyong, Chen Tian.

Progress and prospects of city-type administrative region setting-up in China and abroad

Progress in Geography, 2015, 34(8): 987-997.]

DOI:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.08.006      [本文引用: 2]

Administrative divisions are the basis of local administration of countries and important national system of local governance. Sound administrative division contributes to efficiency of administration and stability of governments. Therefore, administrative division has received wide attention around the world. Administrative regions are divided into regional-type and city-type, where regional-type administrative region covers mainly rural areas while city-type administrative region is predominately urban. The setting-up and adjustment of city-type administrative regions are inevitable requirements of urban development. City-type administrative regions include not only all levels of cities such as municipalities, prefecture-level cities, and county-level cities, but also municipal districts, towns, and neighborhoods. Based on the analysis of the concept and connotation of city-type administrative region, this article focuses on the evolution process, setting-up modes, levels, and jurisdiction of city-type administrative regions. It also summarizes research methods of city-type administrative regions in China and abroad, which gradually changed from qualitative to quantitative. Formed city is the main kind of city-type administrative regions. From a global perspective, modern city originated during the British Industrial Revolution. The emergence of formed city was marked by the "City of Autonomy" enacted in 1835. Formed city developed from one hundred years ago in China and has had an extremely complex process of evolution. Before the reform and opening up of the late 1970s, the speed of development was slow but after that time, the number of cities increased rapidly. In 1997, the State Council called off the conversion of counties to cities, and the number of cities stopped growing. Cities abroad can be as small as having a few thousand residents but in China, given its large population, a city must have at least 80,000 people. Many Chinese towns have more than 100,000 residents. Therefore, some scholars have recommend reform of "town to city" conversion. Cities in Western countries in general have equal legal status, but Chinese cities have a four-level administrative hierarchy: formed cities are divided into provincial-level, sub-provincial-level, prefecture-level, and county-level cities. Jurisdiction area of cities in Western countries is small but in China the area is large. This article reviews the characteristics and shortcomings of city-type administrative division research in China and abroad. Studies suggest that setting up city-type administrative regions based on national and local conditions, innovating the management system in metropolitan areas, and reducing administrative levels of cities should be the direction for future reform. At last, this article examines prospects of future research on city-type administrative division.

安森东, 胡庆平.

中外行政区划比较研究及其启示

[J]. 行政管理改革, 2014(3): 70-75.

[本文引用: 1]

[An Sendong, Hu Qingping.

Comparative research on the administrative division in China and foreign countries and its enlightenment on China

Administration Reform, 2014(3): 70-75.]

[本文引用: 1]

马祖琦, 刘君德.

国外大城市中心城区区级政区职能研究

[J]. 城市规划, 2003, 27(3): 43-48.

[本文引用: 2]

[Ma Zuqi, Liu Junde.

Functional orientation of borough governments in foreign megalopolis

City Planning Review, 2003, 27(3): 43-48.]

[本文引用: 2]

熊竞.

国外市制模式的经验借鉴: 兼论我国的设市制度

[J]. 江汉论坛, 2014(3): 12-16.

[本文引用: 2]

[Xiong Jing.

The experience of foreign municipal system model, And setting city system in China

Jianghan Tribune, 2014(3): 12-16.]

[本文引用: 2]

杨文彬.

国际比较视野下省直管县体制的障碍因素分析

[J]. 行政论坛, 2015, 22(1): 43-46.

[本文引用: 1]

[Yang Wenbin.

Analysis on the obstacle factors of the system of provincial direct control of counties from the perspective of international comparison

Administrative Tribune, 2015, 22(1): 43-46.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘天乔, 饶映雪.

县市政区规模设置的国际经验及其借鉴

[J]. 湖北社会科学, 2017(6): 52-59.

[本文引用: 2]

[Liu Tianqiao, Rao Yingxue.

The international experience of the scale setting of county and city government and its reference

Hubei Social Sciences, 2017 (6): 52-59.]

[本文引用: 2]

李媛媛. 美国县政府: 历史与变迁[D]. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2006.

[本文引用: 1]

[Li Yuanyuan. The history and changes of American county government. Wuhan, China: Central China Normal University, 2006.]

[本文引用: 1]

曹升生.

美国市县合并研究的历史演进

[J]. 美国研究, 2014, 28(2): 100-114.

[本文引用: 1]

[Cao Shensheng.

Historical evolution of consolidation studies of cities and counties in the United States

The Chinese Journal of American Studies, 2014, 28(2): 100-114.]

[本文引用: 1]

孟美侠, 张学良, 潘洲.

跨越行政边界的都市区规划实践: 纽约大都市区四次总体规划及其对中国的启示

[J]. 重庆大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 25(4): 22-37.

[本文引用: 1]

[Meng Meixia, Zhang Xueliang, Pan Zhou.

Planning practice of metropolitan areas crossing administrative boundaries: The implication of New York metropolitan area's four overall regional planning on China

Journal of Chongqing University (Social Science Edition), 2019, 25(4): 22-37.]

[本文引用: 1]

王开泳, 陈田.

国外行政区划调整的经验及对我国的启示

[J]. 世界地理研究, 2011, 20(2): 57-64.

[本文引用: 2]

[Wang Kaiyong, Chen Tian.

The experience reference of administrative division adjustment in abroad and the apocalypses for China

World Regional Studies, 2011, 20(2): 57-64.]

[本文引用: 2]

王先文, 陈田.

美国县制演化及其对中国县制改革的启示

[J]. 人文地理, 2006, 21(2): 109-114.

[本文引用: 1]

[Wang Xianwen, Chen Tian.

The evolution of American county system and its implications for China's county reform

Human Geography, 2006, 21(2): 109-114.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘玉博, 李鲁, 张学良.

超越城市行政边界的都市经济区划分: 先发国家实践及启示

[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2016(5): 86-93.

[本文引用: 1]

[Liu Yubo, Li Lu, Zhang Xueliang.

Metropolitan economic area divisions beyond the administrative boundary of cities: Case study of highly urbanized countries and the implications on China

Urban Planning Forum, 2016(5): 86-93.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘君德, 冯春萍, 华林甫, 等. 中外行政区划比较研究[M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2002.

[本文引用: 1]

[Liu Junde, Feng Chunping, Hua Linfu, et al. Comparative study of administrative division in China and abroad. Shanghai, China: East China Normal University Press, 2002.]

[本文引用: 1]

周振鹤.

行政区划史研究的重要意义

[J]. 上海行政学院学报, 2001(2): 44-49.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhou Zhenhe.

The significance of the study on the history of administrative division

The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute, 2001(2): 44-49.]

[本文引用: 1]

李金龙, 邓春生.

新中国行政区划六十年回顾与展望

[J]. 经济地理, 2009, 29(12): 1952-1956.

[本文引用: 1]

[Li Jinlong, Deng Chunsheng.

The development of Chinese administrative division and prospect for the future in new China

Economic Geography, 2009, 29(12): 1952-1956.]

[本文引用: 1]

张云生, 张喜红.

撤县设市政策变迁的历史逻辑与现实启示: 基于历史制度主义的分析

[J]. 地方治理研究, 2022(1): 2-14, 78.

[本文引用: 1]

[Zhang Yunsheng, Zhang Xihong.

The historical logic and realistic enlightenment of the policy change of abolishing counties and establishing county-level cities: Analysis based on historical institutionalism

Local Governance Research, 2022(1): 2-14, 78.]

[本文引用: 1]

华林甫.

中国政区层级演变之两大循环说

[J]. 江汉论坛, 2014(1): 142-144.

[本文引用: 1]

[Hua Linfu.

The theory of two cycles in the evolution of political district level in China

Jianghan Tribune, 2014(1): 142-144.]

[本文引用: 1]

刘君德.

论中国建制市的多模式发展与渐进式转换战略

[J]. 江汉论坛, 2014(3): 5-12.

[本文引用: 1]

[Liu Junde.

Study on the multimodel development and gradual transformation strategy of China's established city

Jianghan Tribune, 2014(3): 5-12.]

[本文引用: 1]

马祖琦.

基于县制保护的“撤县设市”方案思考

[J]. 江汉论坛, 2014(3): 24-28.

[本文引用: 1]

[Ma Zuqi.

Considering on the plan of "Removing counties and setting up cities" based on county system protection

Jianghan Tribune, 2014(3): 24-28.]

[本文引用: 1]

李金龙, 雷娟.

国外大都市区治理模式及其对中国的有益启示

[J]. 财经问题研究, 2010(8): 114-118.

[本文引用: 1]

[Li Jinlong, Lei Juan.

Foreign metropolitan area governance model and beneficial enlightenment to China

Research on Financial and Economic Issues, 2010(8): 114-118.]

[本文引用: 1]

/

〈 〉