Technological changes and improved electronic communications seem, paradoxically, to be making cities more, rather than less, important. There is a strong correlation between urbanization and economic development across countries, and within-country evidence suggests that productivity rises in dense agglomerations. But urban economic advantages are often offset by the perennial urban curses of crime, congestion and contagious disease. The past history of the developed world suggests that these problems require more capable governments that use a combination of economic and engineering solutions. Though the scope of urban challenges can make remaining rural seem attractive, agrarian poverty has typically also been quite costly.

运用大众点评数据、出租车到达数据与文化设施POI数据测度城市活力的经济、社会和文化维度,在街区和街道层面分析城市活力的空间结构特征,建立计量模型分析城市建成环境对城市活力的影响关系。结果表明：①上海中心城区城市活力表现出明显的空间差异,主要表现为由中心向四周递减、浦西优于浦东的总体特征;②街区和街道尺度影响城市活力的建成环境因素存在差异;③街区尺度建成环境对城市社会、经济和文化活力的影响存在差异：提升人口密度对经济活力具有正面影响,过高的人口密度可能不利于社会和文化活力发展;增加POI密度、路网密度和POI混合度有利于城市活力的提升;建筑层数和建筑密度的增加会降低街区的社会活力和文化活力,但会提升街区的经济活力;交通可达性有利于经济活力的提升。

Research on urban vitality has drawn more attention from different disciplines and perspectives such as urban geography, urban planning and urban government. Urban vitality is not only an important symbol of urban sustainable development, but also an important factor for cities to retain high-skilled talents, which could improve the competitiveness of the city. Studying urban vitality is conducive for us to re-understanding the city in a new perspective and improving urban human-oriented planning and management for the government, especially for some megacities and international cities which contain a large population. Urban vitality, consisting of economic vitality, social vitality and cultural vitality, reflects the level of urban development capacity and quality of life, which is also closely related to the citizens. In order to discover the urban vitality in Shanghai, this paper uses multi-source data, including dianping’s data which counts the number of businesses in the studying area to reflect the economic vitality, urban taxi arrival data in one week to reflect the social vitality and cultural facilities data in the studying area to reflect cultural vitality, to measure urban vitality from two scale: both block and sub-district level. Based on this comprehensive measurement, this article intends to analyze the spatial outcome characteristics of urban vitality in different blocks and sub-districts. This article also establishes a regression models for analyzing the impact mechanism of urban built environment which consists of multiple elements on urban vitality. It is found that the urban vitality of Shanghai is higher in the central area, decreasing from the central area to the surrounding area in the city. In the meanwhile, the value of urban vitality in Puxi area is higher than Pudong area, which means the daily activities and communication in Puxi area are more dynamic than these in Pudong area. Apart from differences between Puxi and Pudong areas, there are also distinctions regarding to the factors of built environments effecting the urban vitality between block level and street level. On the block level, it is found that the built environments effect significantly to different types of urban vitality and the comprehensive vitality. What’s more, for each vitality, the effect shows in different ways. Specifically, the increase of population density will influence the urban vitality by firstly in an active way then in a passive one. Especially for social and cultural vitality, the high density of population is not beneficial. For the facilities, increase of POI density and road network density presenting completeness and POI mixing degree presenting the variety of land use will promote all kinds of the vitality and comprehensive vitality. In the respect of the design, the increase of average building layers and building density will reduce the social vitality and cultural vitality, but will enhance the economic vitality and comprehensive vitality of the block at the same time. And in terms of the access to public transportation, the distance to the nearest bus station will increase the economic vitality of the block. According to the discoveries about the spatial pattern and the effecting factors of urban vitality, this article proves improving the built environment is meaningful to the development of urban.

城市地理与城乡规划一直关注建成环境对城市活力的影响，但鲜有研究揭示该影响的时空异质性。城市活力表现为居民在实体空间上的分布及其活动，并呈现时间动态变化特征。通过采集广州市中心城区新浪微博签到数据以及建成环境大数据，在1 km×1 km方格网、2 h时间段的时空单元上可视化城市活力的时空动态变化特征，基于时空地理加权回归模型 (GTWR) 揭示区位、功能混合度与密度对城市活力影响的时空异质性，并对比工作日与双休日的差异。研究发现：① 广州中心城区城市活力呈现东西带状的“多节点”空间格局，在24 h内经历“分散-集聚-进一步集聚-分散”的时空动态变化。② 区位、功能混合度与密度对城市活力的边际效应表现出空间和时间双重维度的不稳定性。③ 由于居民活动的时空约束不同，城市活力时空特征及其建成环境影响在工作日与双休日存在差异。

Urban vitality reflects human activities and their interactions with spatial entities, which exhibits both spatial and temporal variations. However, the spatio-temporal variations have not been well addressed in existing research on the impacts of the built environment on urban vitality. Based on a collection of Sina Weibo check-in records and POI-based built environment data in central Guangzhou, this research visualizes the urban vitality at the scale of 1 km×1 km grid and 2 h period over one day. Geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) are used to unveil the influence of location, density, and diversity on the urban vitality and their spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The difference between urban vitality and the impacts of the built environment on weekdays and on weekends have also been examined. The results show that: 1) the urban vitality in central Guangzhou extends along the east-west strip, with White Goose Pool, Beijing Road, Shangxiajiu Road, Zhuajing Newtown, Pazhou as the agglomerations. In one day, the urban vitality experiences dynamic changes from relatively scattered to agglomeration during the daytime and keep further agglomeration till midnight. 2) Although the location, density, and diversity significantly influence urban vitality, their impacts vary across space and time over a 24-h period. Generally, distance to the city center is negatively associated with urban vitality, while diversity and the density of leisure, housing, transport, and other facilities are positively associated with urban vitality. 3) Due to a lower activity constraint of space and time on weekdays and on weekends, their urban vitality and the spatio-temporal impacts of the built environment are obviously different.

新时期人本导向的社区生活圈规划转型关注居民的日常活动对社区空间的利用情况,从而反映出居民对社区公共服务设施的使用需求。但目前研究较少关注不同类型居民的差异化时空行为特征,不能有效应对社区居民的差异化需求。论文结合行为地理学的理论,利用手机信令数据,基于居民出行活动的频率和密度测度其核心活动空间和弹性活动空间,分析不同类型人群日常活动特征。以南京市沙洲和南苑街道为例,划定不同社区中,青少年、青年、中年和老年群体的日常活动空间,并从日常活动范围和活力的视角分析居民对社区空间利用的基本特征及群体间差异。研究结果表明,居民的日常活动空间表现出层次性、共享性和方向性,且不同年龄群体的日常活动空间存在显著差异;进一步利用相关性检验分析不同群体社区活力的影响因素,提出考虑不同群体活动空间和设施需求的公共服务设施差异化供给策略。研究有助于完善基于居民时空间行为测度社区日常活动空间的方法,丰富对社区居民差异化行为需求的认知。实证研究的结论对基于居民差异化空间和设施需求的社区公共服务设施配置具有一定指导意义。

In the new era of China's development, people's needs for living space have become diversified. At the community level, the transformation of the planning of a human-oriented community life circle needs to pay attention to residents' daily activities to use the community space, thereby reflecting residents' use of community public service facilities. This demands to identify the daily activity space of residents. However, current research has paid little attention to the differentiated spatial and temporal behavior characteristics of different types of residents, and cannot effectively respond to the diverse needs of community residents. Based on the theory of behavioral geography, this research proposed a method of using mobile phone signaling data to measure the core activity space and flexible activity space based on the frequency and density of residents' travel activities, and then analyze the characteristics of daily activities of different types of people. Taking Shazhou and Nanyuan streets in Nanjing City as examples, the daily activity space of adolescent, youth, middle-aged, and elderly resident groups in different communities was delineated, and the basic characteristics of residents'use of community space were analyzed from the perspective of daily activity range and vitality differences among groups. The research results show that the daily activity space of residents shows hierarchical, sharing, and directional features, and there are significant differences in the daily activity space of different age groups. Further, by using the correlation test to analyze the influencing factors of the vitality of different groups of the communities, we proposed a differentiated supply strategy for public service facilities that considers the activity space and facility needs of different groups. This research is helpful for improving the method of measuring the daily activity space of community based on the spatiotemporal behavior of residents, and enriching the understanding of the diverse behavior needs of community residents. The conclusions of the empirical research have certain guiding significance for the allocation of community public service facilities based on residents' diverse space and facility needs.

借助新浪微博,引入位置服务大数据,以南京市为例,从时间、空间、活动3个方面分析城市活动空间的动态变化,并在掌握变化规律的基础上进一步划分城市活动区域。研究发现：传统的作息规律仍然支配着人们的签到活动,时间与活动内容间的对应关系仍然存在;居民活动在工作日、休息日与节假日,以及主城与外围地区存在差异;城市活动空间在一天内经历了相对分散-集聚-进一步集聚-分散-相对集聚的动态变化;城市活动区域可以划分为就业活动区、居住活动区、休闲活动区、夜生活活动区,及综合活动区;活动功能区呈现出混合化与边界模糊化的特征。

Since 1990s, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have experiecned a rapid development over the world. Information and communication devices have almost penetrated into each aspect of people’s daily life, and thus become the necessities in the modern world. Under this advancement, the inner relationship among activities, time and location has been theoretically changed because of a serious of the responding tele-activities. However, we still have little knowledge from the empirical studies due to the lack of data. Besides, as a part of urban social space analysis, a dynamic analysis of urban activity space is even scarce, albeit with its importance in understanding the undergoing and future changes in the E-society. Especially in China where is under the socio-economic transition, understanding residents’ own need and their real-time activity as well as the influence of ICTs on activity space are quite necessary for the future urban management and planning. With the aid of Location-based service (LBS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and other applications, ICTs helps to record people’s real space-time activity, which is one of the main sources of big data in recent research. Among them, given by the soaring popularity of online social network such as Sina micro-blog (the most influential social networking platform in China) and the LBS check-in application, the check-in data undoubtedly provide a real-time big data for the study of urban activity space. Based on this understanding, this article tries to analyze the dynamic changes of urban space-time activity focused on activity, time, and location, using the LBS checking-in data from Sina micro-blog. The results show that: 1) although some research argued that residents’ activity schedule would be more flexible by the help of ICTs, in this study we find that the traditional routine still dominate in residents’ check-in activities, and thus the rhythm of check-in activities could be used to reflect the corresponding relationship between time and activity; 2) there are differences of residents’ check-in activity between on working days, weekends, and holidays, as well as between in downtown and in outskirts, which reveals the difference of daily activities in reality; 3) in a day urban activity space experience dynamic changes, specifically, varied from relative disperse to agglomeration in the morning (6-12 O’clock) and keeps further agglomeration till the afternoon (12-18 O’clock); while encounters dispersion in the evening (18-24 O’clock), though with a relative agglomeration in the night (0-6 O’clock); 4) according to the dynamic changes, activity zones are subdivided into office area, bedroom area, leisure area, nightlife area, and multifunctional area; 5) these activity zones could be generally characterized as hybrid, within a blurred boundary.

伴随着移动通信技术的快速发展以及定位应用程序的普及,带有地理空间信息的数据成为“大数据”中的重要部分,为人文地理学研究的发展提供了新的机遇,也契合了人文地理学“计量转向”与“社会转向”的发展规律,以及人文地理学人本主义的发展趋势。但同时,人文地理学者也面临着数据决定论、数据分析方法准备不足以及数据自身缺陷所带来的危机与挑战。在“大数据”热潮下,无论是定量研究还是定性研究,“大数据”还是“小数据”的研究,都应当给予同样的重视,数据规模与数据的采集、分析和阐述并无很大的关联。并且,还需要警惕由于数据垄断可能带来研究的“数字鸿沟”,并呼吁人文地理学研究在研究方法与内容等方面与其他学科进行更多的跨学科合作。

<p>The rapid development of information and communication technologies and the wide use of smart devices in people&prime;s daily life have generated a large amount of data-the big data. The information exploration has not only greatly influenced our life, work and thinking, but also presented a new paradigm of social science research, that is, from data-scarce to data-rich study, from static to dynamic analysis, from relatively simple hypothesis and model to comprehensive simulations and theory. Especially these big data with spatial information brings opportunities for human geography. Big data meets geography&#x02019;s quantitative revolution and social transition and should not be overlooked, since it provides a large amount of timely and detailed data of human behavior. In the meantime, geographers also face risks and challenges. Firstly, geographers require careful rethinking with respect to the philosophy of science and consideration on the important distinction between data and knowledge. Data never speak for themselves and require contextual knowledge with respect to analysis and interpretation. Secondly, it is hard to say that geographers have well underprepared for big data. Geographers have long been used to the traditional statistical methods which are designed with regard to data-scarce science. New methods of handling and analyzing data sets that consist of millions or billions of observations are urgently needed. Thirdly, despite the emerging data deluge, there are a number of ethical and security challenges in working with these data. How to define the scale and boundary of data is also a challenge, since the data are growing all the time. Then this paper points out that emphasis should be equally placed on quantitative and qualitative research and small-data and big-data research. Geographers should pay attention to the "digital divide" since access to big data is limited, and geographers should cooperate with scholars in other academic fields.</p>

建设充满活力的城市空间得到地理和城乡规划学者的广泛关注。随着空气污染问题的加剧,空气质量影响居民在城市空间中的活动,但鲜有研究考察空气污染与城市活力的定量关系。基于广州市2019年新浪微博签到记录、日气象和空气质量数据、以及建成环境数据,本研究构建以街道为空间单元、以天为时间单元的面板数据,通过标准差椭圆（SDE）以及面板回归模型测度空气污染对城市活力的抑制效应以及该抑制效应在不同建成环境上的异质性。研究得到以下结论：① 城市活力SDE面积随空气质量指数（AQI）上升而收缩,轻度污染和中度污染的城市活力SDE面积仅为空气质量优的约80%和30%。② 运用空间面板回归模型控制街道的空间关联性后,空气质量指数（AQI）对城市活力具有明显负向影响,AQI每增加1个单位,日活动强度减少约0.10次/10 km²;当空气质量恶化到中等污染后,AQI每增加1个单位,日活动强度减少约0.14次/10 km²。③ 空气污染对城市活力的抑制效应在不同建成环境上存在异质性,POI密度、离城市中心距离强化空气污染对城市活力的抑制效应,而地铁站密度、道路交叉口密度、土地利用混合度则弱化空气污染对城市活力的抑制效应。本研究有助于更好厘清空气污染、建成环境与城市活力的关系,并为优化建成环境以缓减空气污染对城市活力抑制效应提供分析支撑。

Urban vibrancy describes people’s interactions with urban space. And enhancing urban vibrancy is important for urban sustainable development, and thereby attracts the interest of both geography and urban researchers and policy makers. Although evidence suggests that air pollution may influence people’s out-of-home activity, few studies have quantitatively measured how air pollution depresses urban vibrancy. On the basis of Sina Weibo check-in data and daily weather and air quality data in Guangzhou in 2019 and the built environment of this city, this study compiles samples of city vibrancy in 150 neighbourhoods and 365 days, forming a strongly balanced panel dataset. By Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE) analysis and both general and spatial panel regression models, this study examines how air pollution negatively influences urban vibrancy and the heterogeneity role of the built environment in this depression effect. Our findings demonstrate that urban vibrancy space varies across different levels of air quality index (AQI). Specifically, the size of SDEs of urban vibrancy when AQI is between 50-150 and 150-200 is about 80% and 30% of that when AQI is no more than 50. After we control the spatial dependence (i.e., spatial autocorrelation), spatial panel regression results reveal that air pollution significantly lowers urban vibrancy. The daily activity intensity decreases 0.10 times per ten kilometers with a one-unit increment in AQI. More seriously, once AQI is above 150, this depression effect grows to 0.14 times per ten kilometers with a one-unit increment in AQI. We also test the heterogeneity role of the built environment in this depression effect. The results indicate that while POI density and distance to city center increase the depression effect, the density of metro stations and interactions and land-use diversity decrease the depression effect. It is evident that the depression effect of air pollution on urban vibrancy is not evenly distributed, varying across neibourhoods with different built environment characteristics. Compared to the city center, the outskirts bear a larger depression effect. Therefore, urban vibrancy space may be more polarized when air quality deteriorates and thus, challenging urban spatial restructuring development. Our spatial panel data analysis at the neighourhood scale improves our understanding of the mechanism among air pollution, built environment, and urban vibrancy, which provides evidence-based support for built environment planning and management at the neighbourhood scale to decrease the depression effect of air pollution on urban vibrancy.

生活圈建设是新时代国土空间规划的关键内容之一,生活圈内服务设施配置是做好生活圈规划的首要基础,居民生活圈与服务设施的空间匹配关系也是地理学“人地关系”在城市社区尺度的重要体现。学术界对生活圈与服务设施的匹配关系已有研究,但主要采用问卷调查数据,该类数据存在样本量少、地域覆盖范围小等不足。论文将采用手机信令数据和POI(point of interest)数据等大数据,以北京为例,测定居民生活圈范围和服务设施可达性,并分析两者间的空间匹配关系及其地域分异特征。结果表明：① 居民生活圈呈现多中心结构,其半径由市中心和新城中心至非中心地区递增;服务设施可达性则呈现圈层结构,其水平则由市中心至郊区递减。② 设施可达性水平与生活圈半径的匹配关系整体呈现显著的负相关,即综合设施可达性水平越高则居民生活圈半径越小。③ 空间匹配模式呈现明显地理分异特征,在中心城区、新城中心,服务设施可达性水平与生活圈半径以“高—低”空间匹配关系为主,但中心城区和新城的边缘地区则以“低—低”“低—高”空间匹配关系为主。④ 不同类型设施之间也存在差异,文体和休闲设施的可达性水平与生活圈范围的空间匹配度显著偏低。研究结论可为完善生活圈理论研究提供新实证案例,并可为生活圈空间规划提供决策参考。

Residents' daily life circle is one of the key issues in relation to the national spatial planning in the "new era". Supply of public service facilities is the primary condition for plan-making of this type of circle. Spatial match between residents' daily life circle and public service facilities reveals the human-environment relationship at the community level. There exist many studies on spatial match between residents' daily life circle and public service facilities. However, the existing findings are mainly based on survey data, which have disadvantages such as insufficient samples, small geography coverage, and so on. This study investigated the spatial match between residents' daily life circle and public service facilities in large cities by taking Beijing as an example. Using mobile phone data and point-of-interest (POI) data collected in 2018, this study measured the spatial range of residents' daily life circle and accessibility of public service facilities, and analyzed the relationship between the spatial range of residents' daily life circle and accessibility of public service facilities by the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method. It also analyzed the geographical variations in the relationship. The results of analysis show that residents' daily life circle has a multi-centric structure at the city level. The length of radius of the circle increases from the central areas to the periphery. Accessibility of public service facilities is featured with a zonal structure but its level decreases with the distance away from the centers. The level of accessibility is negatively related with radius of the circle, which means that the higher level of accessibility, the smaller radius of the circle. There are geographical variations in the relationship. The relationship is "high-low" in the city center and new town centers, but dominated by "low-low" and "low-high" pattern in the fringe of the city center and new town centers. There are also variations in the relationship between different types of public service facilities. For the cultural and leisure facilities, the degree of spatial match between residents' daily life circle and public service facilities is obvious lower than other facilities. The conclusion of this research provides new evidence for residents' daily life circle study, and has policy implications for residents' daily life circle planning.

建成环境对街道活力的影响是国内外城市研究的热点议题。然而，对于建成环境要素的测度与评估多偏重于二维建成环境指标，尚未充分挖掘三维建成环境指标。以深圳市福田区为例，采用街景数据、路网数据、POI数据及移动互联网位置服务数据，建立周末分时段模型，探讨商业街道和生活街道活力的时空间分布特征及建成环境对其产生的影响。结果表明：① 商业街道上居民全天活动的峰值时段为18:00~20:00，生活街道上居民全天活动的峰值时段为11:00~13:00。② 深圳市福田区街道活力总体呈现多中心结构，随时间变化显现出明显的空间差异。③ 不同的建成环境指标对街道活力的作用时段与影响程度存在差异。提高功能混合度有利于提升商业街道凌晨、上午和夜间的活力及生活街道午后和傍晚的活力；过宽的相对步行宽度对生活街道活力提升有抑制作用，更安全的步行环境对商业和生活街道夜间活力提升有促进作用；界面连续程度高的商业街道午后及夜间的活力更强，界面多样性丰富的生活街道白天活力更强。

The last decades have witnessed a steady increase in studying urban vitality. However, the information that could depict 3D space has not been included in studies. This research attempts to incorporate street view imagery data to elaborate the spatiotemporal variability of vibrancy in Futian District, Shenzhen. As for the street-level physical environment, attributes are extracted from street view images by deep machine-learning algorithms SegNet. 2D built environment indicators of streets were extracts from the Open Street Map and POI points. A multivariate econometric are framed to examine the association between urban environment and the vitality at the street level of commercial streets and residential streets. The results showed that: 1) The peak hours of activity on commercial streets are 18:00 to 20:00, and the peak hours of activity on living streets are 11:00 to 13:00. 2) Futian District Street Vitality Shows Polycentric Structure, whose distribution had shown obvious spatial differences with time. 3) Variations in the temporal and degree effects of different built environment indicators on street vitality. Increasing the mix of facilities contributes to the morning and nighttime vibrancy of commercial streets, as well as the afternoon vibrancy of living streets. More compact streets have a positive impact on commercial streets’ vitality, and safer pedestrian environments have a positive impact on both living and commercial streets’ vitality. Improving the building continuity will promote the vitality of commercial streets. Higher interface richness increases the vitality of living streets in afternoon and evening. An increase in the richness of the interface will promote the daytime vitality of the residential street.

城中村作为带着农民特色和阶级混杂重塑的空间,为弱势劳动群体融入城市化体系、实现反资本而不反市场的城镇化进程提供了保障。探讨建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响机制,开展城中村建成环境改造,对于解决弱势群体通勤和就业困难意义重大。论文基于武汉市2018年LBS(Location Based Services)数据,以公共交通通勤方式选择作为二元分类因变量,采用梯度提升决策树(gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)分析建成环境与城中村居民通勤方式选择的非线性关系与阈值效应,结果显示：普遍长距离通勤的城中村居民对公共交通系统依赖性强,建成环境的非线性影响和阈值效应明显,弥补了传统线性模型在可解释性上的不足;其中公交站可达性预测贡献度最大(19.89%),阈值分别在300 m和1000 m左右,在城中村改造时应尽量满足直线距离300 m公交站点可达,保证1000 m内存在公交线路,其余变量也有相似的可解释性。研究得到的建成环境影响的优先层次和最有效的空间属性范围将为提升城中村居民就业和通勤公平,实现区域包容、协调的城镇化提供参考。

As a space with farmers' characteristics and reshaped by mixed classes, urban villages provide a guarantee for the vulnerable groups to integrate into the urbanization system and realize the anti-capital but not anti-market urbanization process. Exploring the impact mechanism of the built environment on residents' commuting mode choices and carrying out inclusive renovation of the built environment of urban villages will be of great significance for addressing the commuting and employment difficulties of vulnerable groups. Based on the location based services (LBS) data of Wuhan City in 2018 and taking the choice of commuting mode as binary dependent variable, this study used the gradient boosting decision tree to explore the nonlinear relationship between the built environment and commuting mode choices of urban village residents and threshold effect. The results show that the residents of urban villages who commute for a long distance generally depend on the public transport system, and the nonlinear influence and threshold effect of the built environment are obvious, which make up for the insufficient interpretability of the traditional linear model. The contribution of bus station accessibility is the largest (19.89%) in prediction, and the thresholds are about 300 m and 1000 m respectively. In urban village reconstruction, bus station within a Euclidean distance of 300 m should be satisfied as far as possible, there must be bus lines within 1000 m, and other variables have similar interpretability. The impact priority level and the most effective spatial attribute range of the built environment obtained from this study will provide a reference for improving the employment and commuting equity of urban village residents and for realizing regional inclusive and coordinated urbanization.

公交车是服务居民日常活动—出行的重要微观空间,也是城市公共空间的组成部分。目前,车厢内微环境污染及其对乘客的负面效应已引起广泛关注。然而,国内外鲜少有研究分析公交车微环境对乘客舒适度的非线性影响,也尚未探测各个微环境变量影响舒适度的阈值以及乘客的最佳微环境暴露水平。论文在广州6条典型公交线路上同时收集车内微环境实时监测数据、乘客问卷调查数据、公交出行属性数据和公交车外部环境,采用随机森林算法构建公交车微环境与乘客舒适度之间的非线性模型并展开分析。研究表明,公交车内温度、相对湿度、PM_2.5浓度、噪声和载客量均对舒适度有非线性影响,但影响程度各不相同。当车内温度为23.5~28.0 ℃、相对湿度为45%~58%、PM_2.5浓度＜28 μg/m3、噪声＜75 dB、载客量为8~26人时,有助于乘客在车厢微环境中拥有良好的舒适度水平。论文研究结果与现行环境标准存在一定差异,相关研究结论对城市微观空间规划与治理、微环境标准制定和交通管理有显著的政策启示和实践意义。