Topography and landform are the result of the comprehensive action of internal and external geological forces, and determining the morphological characteristics and geomorphological processes of watershed landforms is helpful to understand the differentiation of watershed landform development and environmental change characteristics. In this study, the Nagqu River Basin in Xizang was taken as the study area, and the geomorphological types and geomorphic characteristics of the area were determined by calculating the topographic undulation and slope and aspect. Based on multi-dimensional geomorphological parameters such as hypsometric integral value (HI), river longitudinal profile fitting function, Hack profile, and gradient index (SL/K), the geomorphological evolution stage of the Nagqu River Basin was determined, and its evolution process and tectonic significance were analyzed. The results show that: 1) The landform types of the Nagqu River Basin are mainly high-altitude hills and high-altitude plains, which are low in the west and high in the east, and low in the middle and high at the periphery. 2) The HI values in the study area are between 0.07-0.61, and the fitting functions of the longitudinal section of the river are 35.29% exponential and 64.71% logarithmic. 3) The river longitudinal slope in the study area is relatively gentle, and the Hack profile of the basin is mostly convex and concave, indicating that the river is in a state of tectonic uplift. Lithological variations, faults, and tectonic activity intensity affect the characteristics of topographic and geomorphological indicators, the fault activity intensity in the downstream area is greater than that upstream, and the basin is in the stage of relatively strong tectonic activity. This study provides crucial references for understanding the environmental evolution of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

The hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in precipitation are efficient tracers for identifying regional precipitation processes. Analyzing the changes in stable isotopes of atmospheric precipitation helps quantify the complex regional precipitation processes under climate change. Therefore, based on data from 767 precipitation events at six sites in the monsoon marginal zone from 2019 to 2024 and taking the Wei River source area as an example, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of precipitation isotopes and their influencing factors. The results show that: 1) Precipitation isotopes are enriched during the monsoon period and depleted during the non-monsoon period; the spatial pattern shows higher values in the north and lower values in the south. The local meteoric water line indicates that the precipitation isotopes in this area are significantly affected by evaporation below the clouds, but the influence of the monsoon in Weinan is stronger. 2) In Weibei, the δ¹⁸O of precipitation during the monsoon period is dominated by the precipitation amount effect, while in the non-monsoon period it shifts to the temperature effect, and both temperature and precipitation amount effects are insignificant in Weinan; the correlation between convective activity during the monsoon period and precipitation δ¹⁸O is stronger than that during the non-monsoon period, with the cumulative time decreasing from 3-6 days to 1-2 days; the altitude gradient change rate ranges from -0.0043‰/m to -0.0048‰/m, reflecting a significant altitude effect. 3) During the monsoon period, precipitation is mainly influenced by both the southeast monsoon and the westerlies, while in the non-monsoon period, it is primarily influenced by the westerlies carrying water vapor (59.74%); Weinan is more influenced by the southeast monsoon (24.59%) and water vapor from the Tibetan Plateau (31.56%), and the influence of vegetation coverage and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are higher in Weinan than in Weibei, which is more conducive to local water vapor recirculation. This study provides a reference for understanding the precipitation mechanisms in monsoon marginal zones and for water resource management in arid and semiarid regions.

Inter-basin water diversion projects are important means to alleviate regional water resource shortages and ensure sustainable economic and social development, and their implementation also changes the carbon sink benefits of the ecosystem in the water-receiving area. Therefore, reasonable formulation of carbon ecological compensation standards is of great significance for realizing the sustainable management of the regional ecosystem. Based on the emergy theory and the InVEST model, this study selected Jinan City, the water-receiving area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) in China, as a case study. By combining land use data, water resource data, and carbon density data from 2005 to 2020, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of inter-basin water transfer on the carbon storage value within the water-receiving area and proposed a standard for carbon ecological compensation. The results show that: 1) Using the energy system diagram that we developed for the water-receiving area under the background of inter-basin water diversion, the Emdollar ratio of Jinan City in 2020 was calculated to be 8.57×10¹¹ seJ/$. Based on the emergy theory, the carbon storage energy value of the SNWDP in Jinan was estimated to be 17.4 million yuan. 2) Based on the CA-Markov and the InVEST models, the change of carbon storage under the natural growth scenario and water transfer scenario of Jinan was simulated and calculated. Combined with carbon sequestration value, inflation rate, and market discount rate, the carbon storage value benefited from the SNWDP was 104 million yuan. 3) Therefore, we suggested that the carbon ecological compensation standard for the SNWDP in Jinan should have been between 17.4 million and 104 million yuan. The research on the calculation method of carbon ecological compensation for water-receiving areas is useful for promoting diversified ecological compensation, as well as the coordinated and sustainable development of ecological economy in the water-source areas and the water-receiving areas.

Promoting cross-border railway infrastructure connectivity with neighboring countries holds significant strategic importance for China, but the geopolitical strategies of these neighbors often lead to setbacks in cross-border railway cooperation. Existing studies often use a single or the same theoretical framework to explain the geopolitical strategies of different countries, which is not conducive to clarifying the reasons behind the differentiated states of cross-border railways in various countries. This study applied multiple analytical frameworks based on national regime characteristics, comprising the theories of hedging, two-level game, and shatter belt. Through case analyses, it categorically investigated the impact of neighboring countries' geopolitical strategies on cross-border railway construction. The findings are as follows: 1) Based on the hedging theory, neighboring countries seeking a balance between security threats and economic interests affected railway construction. Kazakhstan maintained neutral hedging between Russia and China, while Laos enhanced active hedging with China to mitigate the influence of Vietnam, leading to the successful operation of the China-Kazakhstan and China-Laos railways. Conversely, the China-Vietnam railway faced setbacks due to Vietnam's "bamboo diplomacy". 2) According to the two-level game theory, political elites playing the game at domestic and international levels influenced railway projects too. Despite China's active promotion of cooperation, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan, China-Pakistan, China-Nepal, and China-Thailand railways were hindered by frequent domestic regime changes in recipient countries and external power interferences. 3) The shatter belt theory indicates that lack of unity and stability of neighboring countries leads to stagnation of cross-border railway projects as well. As the fragmentation situation in Myanmar intensifies, the construction of the Myanmar section of the China-Myanmar railway has been put on hold. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed: First, China should increase aid to countries engaged in active and neutral hedging and guide neutral countries towards active side; for countries engaged in negative hedging, we need to prevent strategic backsliding while enhance "soft connectivity". Second, for countries where the two-level game theory is applicable, it is advisable to deepen domestic engagement to build consensus and prepare for geopolitical risks. Finally, for countries that can be analyzed through the shatter belt theory, we should prioritize "stabilizing political situation through economic means" to achieve consensus while timely implement security measures to ensure railway safety. These findings can provide valuable references for advancing cross-border railway cooperation between China and its neighboring countries.

The construction of China's overseas parks is an important platform for production capacity cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative. Exploring the driving mechanism and benefit level of the "one zone with multiple parks" development model of China-EU business and logistics cooperation parks will help to reveal the specific operation mechanism of trade-oriented overseas parks, and provide scientific basis for the high-quality development of overseas parks in the future. It will help to reveal the specific operation mechanism of trade-oriented overseas parks and provide a scientific basis for the future high-quality development of overseas parks. This study identified the contribution of the China-EU business and logistics park to China-Hungary bilateral trade. It then constructed the framework of "one zone with multiple parks" model, examined the linkage and coupling mechanism between multiple parks and multiple parks and neighboring regions, and analyzed the input-output efficiency of the park in recent years by using data envelopment analysis. The study found that: 1) The fluctuation of the proportion of the trade volume of the park in the total trade volume of China-Hungary was significant from 2017 to 2023, and the commodity structure of China-Hungary trade was concentrated. 2) Under the "one zone and multiple parks" model, after the Chinese products entered the park, the logistics park distributed the goods to Hungary and even to various European countries. The exhibition center responded to the feedback of European businessmen's demand with business exhibitions, and promoted the formation of Chinese brand spillover effect. The multiple parks were coupled through the interaction of commerce drive, logistics distribution, and service guarantee links. 3) The comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency of the park fluctuated obviously from 2017 to 2023, and the technological efficiency was generally higher. Accordingly, this study proposed key measures to promote the high-quality development of the park, such as adjusting the input-output structure, avoiding economic and geopolitical risks, and improving the level of data security. The conclusions of the study are of theoretical and practical significance for improving the research on the type of overseas parks and the popularization and application of the model of "one zone with multiple parks".

The geographical names in Beijing have been influenced by political factors, economic landscape, and natural features in the historical period, forming a rich and distinctive cultural resource of geographical names. The old city of Beijing is a highly concentrated area of geographical name resources. By examining representative transportation-related geographical names and selecting five key time points (1949, 1965, 1990, 2005, and 2024) corresponding to different stages of Beijing's urban development, this study conducted a statistical analysis of the geographical names to elucidate their quantitative changes. Using GIS kernel density estimation, it visually presented the kernel density of geographical names for the years 1949, 1965, 1990, and 2024, revealing to some extent the changes in the cultural landscape of geographical names in the old city of Beijing during the process of urban renewal. Furthermore, by summarizing and categorizing the main characters used in geographical names, this study selected five categories of geographical names: economic landscape, elements of daily life, political and military factors, auspicious connotations, and religious beliefs, to display and analyze the change of their kernel density. The results show that the distribution of the cultural landscape of transportation-related geographical names in the old city of Beijing exhibited significant spatiotemporal differences, providing important clues for understanding the layout and functions of Beijing during different historical periods. The patterns of distribution and change of different categories of geographical name cultural landscapes in urban space have their own unique characteristics and marked differences. These differences not only reflect the dynamic process of urban development but also reveal multiple changes in society, economy, and culture. By systematically reviewing the spatiotemporal trajectory of transportation-related geographical names in the old city of Beijing, this study not only provided a micro perspective for revealing the patterns of change of urban historical spatial configurations, but also established an analytical framework to explore the interaction between geographical name cultural landscapes and urban development, highlighting the dual value of geographical name cultural landscapes as living urban archives in the inheritance of cultural heritage and spatial governance.

With the transformation of urban rail transit station areas from serving transportation transit functions to performing urban service functions, it is highly relevant to examine the relationship between their built environment and spatial vitality. Taking the subway station areas of the four central districts of Guangzhou City as an example, this study clarified the distribution characteristics of spatial vitality based on subdivided station area units. It optimized the built environment variable system relying on the extended "node-place" theory, and employed the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and SHAP explanation model to measure the impact of built environment variables on spatial vitality in station areas and their heterogeneity. The results reveal the following: 1) The overall level of spatial vitality in station areas exhibits a pattern of low vitality surrounding high vitality spaces, with high vitality station units showing a clustered scatter distribution, primarily concentrated in the core zones of the stations. 2) Variables related to the place dimension have a significantly greater impact than those concerning the connection and node dimensions. The density of consumer-related points-of-interest (POI) has the most significant impact on spatial vitality in the station areas, and there are notable interaction effects between multiple variables. 3) Within the stations' buffer zones, the impact of different built environment variables on spatial vitality in the station areas is significantly heterogeneous, with limited supporting effects of the built environment on spatial vitality for most station area units. This study provides some insights and recommendations for enhancing spatial vitality in station areas and promoting the sustainable development of urban rail transit.

The environmental vulnerability of the Qingzang Plateau constrains the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the local knowledge drawn from the history of agricultural and pastoral activities has given rise to an adaptive and localized development model that is increasingly valued in regional sustainable development practices. This study focused on the agropastoral systems in eastern Qingzang Plateau, a region with distinct geographical and cultural characteristics. Based on field interviews and using a methodological framework of contextual knowledge tracing, case analysis, and systematic exposition, this study explored the human-environment relationship as embedded metaphorically in local knowledge and its implications for sustainable development. The results show that: 1) Constructing a "knowledge-behavior" sustainability framework for agropastoral areas, the study analyzed local knowledge on the Qingzang Plateau and found that agricultural and pastoral production modes shaped by Tibetan Buddhist norms, natural productivity constrained by historical experience, and household production behavior influenced by folk beliefs together constitute three dimensions of the human-environment relationship that metaphorically underpin the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry on the Plateau. These dimensions operate on the human-grassland system in alpine regions through multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of grassland resource use, the adjustment of production objectives, and the organization of household production behaviors. 2) The case of Lageri Village reflects localized agricultural-pastoral practices, where ecological perceptions, family-based cultural values, and neighborhood mutual assistance are increasingly integrated with external knowledge. The shift of local knowledge towards locally grounded community of shared future knowledge of universal relevance has been externalized in herders' production and utilization practices, organizational and managerial arrangements, as well as in the application of technologies and institutions, manifesting an agricultural and pastoral development pathway characterized by weak sustainability.3) The chained relationship among contextual factors, knowledge transformation, and behavioral externalization—with corresponding feedback mechanisms—manifests in human-environment coordination, knowledge empowerment, and the activation of local agency. The sustainable development model and its planning practice suitable for the Qingzang Plateau urgently need to systematically explore, scientifically translate, and apply local knowledge for the management of the territorial space on the Qingzang Plateau.

Corporate location is a core issue in economic geography, yet the prevalent practice of identifying corporate (headquarter) locations through registered addresses undermines data accuracy in numerous studies. This research examined the spatial distribution and influencing factors of A-share listed companies in Beijing in 2023 by distinguishing actual headquarters from registered addresses. Key findings reveal that: 1) Significant spatial separation exists between headquarters and registered addresses across cities and intracity districts. Influenced by economic factors, headquarters predominantly cluster in more developed areas, but registered addresses tend towards less developed regions that offer tax incentives. 2) Registered addresses substantially distort municipal- and district-level corporate location assessments, with district-level errors exceeding municipal discrepancies and sample errors outweighing quantitative inaccuracies, particularly severe in Chaoyang District. 3) A comparative analysis demonstrates that using registered address data reverses spatial autocorrelation outcomes, underestimates agglomeration intensity, distorts spatial patterns and centroid locations, and generates misleading coefficients in factor analysis—some showing inverted polarity. These findings challenge the validity of empirical studies relying on administrative registration data, particularly those concerning location theory and corporate geography. This study advocates critical reappraisal of conventional corporate location identification methodologies.

Raising income levels and narrowing theurban-rural income gap is an important path to realize the well-being equity and common prosperity of urban and rural residents in national key ecological functional zones. This study focused on the national key ecological functional zones in China, comprising 410 counties. Dagum's Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and the multiscale geographic weighted regression (MGWR) model were used to measure the changes in urban and rural residents' incomes spatially and temporally, with a focus on the dynamic evolution of spatial differences in the urban-rural income gap (URIG). This study also identified factors that influenced the URIG and analyzed their roles over the past 10 years within the ecological functional zones. The results show that: 1) In the past 10 years, the income of urban and rural residents in the study areas has doubled overall, but it was still lower than the national average income level. The absolute income gap between urban and rural residents in the study areas, as well as the average incomes of urban and rural residents in China, was almost three times greater in 2020 than in 2010. The growth rate of income in urban and rural areas was highly consistent with the income growth rate in urban and rural areas across the country, and the growth rate of rural income level was faster than that of urban areas. 2) During 2010-2020, the overall income gap between urban and rural areas has dropped from 3.43 to 2.58, and the narrowing rate was greater than the national average level. By 2020, it basically kept pace with the national average level, tending towards common prosperity. The urban-rural income gap on the eastern and western sides of the Hu Huanyong Line was narrowing. The urban-rural income gap on the eastern side of the line was lower than that on the whole country, while the income gap on the western side of the line was higher than that of the country as a whole; The urban-rural income gap on both the northern and the southern sides of the Qinling-Huaihe Line was narrowing, with the urban-rural income gap in the south higher than that on the whole country, while the income gap in the north remains synchronized with the national average level. 3) The overall spatial difference in the level of urban-rural income gap has gradually narrowed, but there are still large differences. The urban-rural income gap in the eight key ecological functional zones all showed a narrowing trend; the urban-rural income gap extremes between the 23 functional areas also showed a narrowing trend. 4) Factors such as increases in aging rates, population density, urbanization rates, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), per capita household savings, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) all contributed to the decrease in the URIG. Increases in the ratio of added values from secondary and tertiary industries, per capita fiscal expenditure, employment rates, and the concentration of PM_2.5 delayed the reduction of the URIG. Significant spatial heterogeneity characterized the effects of different influencing factors on the URIG. This study provides fundamental understanding and policy insights for fostering urban-rural integration and regional common prosperity in ecological functional zones.

It is crucial for achieving the dual carbon goals and promoting high-quality urban development to reveal the heterogeneity of urban sprawl's impact on carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin, and establish a scientific basis for coordinating urbanization with low-carbon development. This study evaluated the degree of urban sprawl based on long-term nighttime light imagery and LandScan population data, and empirically examined the impact of urban sprawl on carbon emissions and its spatial effects in 91 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin during 2004-2021 using the spatial Durbin model. It also used the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to assess the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of these effects. The findings demonstrate that, first, a pronounced spatial disparity and spatial aggregation in carbon emissions existed across the study region, with higher levels in the eastern part compared to the western areas. While aggregate carbon emissions continued to rise annually, the rate of increase has shown consistent deceleration. Second, urban sprawl exhibited both significant direct and indirect effects. This result suggests that urban sprawl not only affected the carbon emissions of a city itself but also had spillover effects on those of the neighbors. Third, urban sprawl contributed to the rise in carbon emissions through three principal pathways: expanding the quantity and scale of industrial enterprises, extending residents' commuting distances, and elevating household energy consumption. Finally, the impact of urban sprawl on carbon emissions showed an upward trend in temporal variation, with a dynamic change characteristic of homogenization-differentiation-homogenization. In terms of spatial heterogeneity, the impact of urban sprawl on carbon emissions was predominantly positive, high coefficients mainly concentrated in the midstream regions, and low values mainly occurred in both the upstream and downstream areas. From the perspective of spatial evolution, the impact of urban sprawl on carbon emissions was gradually increasing, especially in the middle reaches. Consequently, the effects of urban sprawl on carbon emissions showed distinct spatiotemporal heterogeneity, varying in impact intensity in both the temporal and spatial dimensions. Formulating differentiated spatial development plans tailored to urban realities may prevent disorderly urban sprawl and facilitate both high-quality urban development and the achievement of carbon reduction goals in the Yellow River Basin.

Cultivating and guiding new quality productivity to empower the high-quality development of resource-based regions is an inherent requirement and important focus for advancing Chinese style modernization and modernization of national governance. This study incorporated new quality productivity into the theoretical analysis framework for high-quality development in resource-based regions, systematically expounded the theoretical basis for new quality productivity empowering the transformation and high-quality development of resource-based regions, and empirically examined the mechanism and effects of new quality productivity empowering high-quality development of resource-based regions using benchmark regression models, multiple mediation effect models, and spatial Durbin models based on the panel data from 23 resource-based cities in Northeast China from 2010 to 2022. The research findings indicate that: 1) The promotion effect of new quality productivity on high-quality development of resource-based regions was significant, and this effect exhibited characteristics of regional differences, differences in development stages, and structural heterogeneity. 2) New quality productivity provided a solid foundation for the realization of high-quality development of resource-based regions through multiple channels such as technological innovation, industrial structure transformation and upgrading, and optimization of resource factor allocation, among which the mediation effect of industrial structure upgrading was the most significant. 3) New quality productivity had a positive spatial spillover effect on the high-quality development of neighboring resource-based cities. These findings not only help to theoretically clarify the connection between new quality productivity and high-quality development of resource-based regions, enrich the sustainability assessment framework of new quality productivity from the perspective of high-quality development of resource-based regions, but also help to guide local governments in formulating differentiated development strategies at the practical level, providing a policy basis for coordinating new quality productivity and advancing the tasks and goals of Chinese style modernization and modernization of national governance.

The non-grain production of cultivated land in China is becoming increasingly severe. A comprehensive understanding of the patterns of change and formation mechanisms of non-grain production of cultivated land is of great significance for enhancing cultivated land protection and ensuring food security. Currently, there are diverse perspectives and methodologies for measuring non-grain production yet the results vary significantly, and comparative and integrated research on various measurement methods remains inadequate. Therefore, this study employed a meta-analysis approach to statistically examine 207 existing research articles, revealing the characteristics of change and driving mechanisms of non-grain production of cultivated land in China from 2000 to 2021. The findings are as follows: 1) The methods of non-grain crop area proportion, multiple cropping index, and autumn grain crop area are frequently used and widely applied, offering comparability at the national, regional, and provincial scales, which can be considered preferred methods for measuring non-grain production of cultivated land. 2) During the study period of this research, the rate of non-grain production of cultivated land in China remained stable at around 30.0% overall, with a slight downward fluctuation. Among the nine major agricultural regions, the Northeast China Plain, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and the Loess Plateau had non-grain production rates below 30.0% that remained relatively stable, the rate of non-grain production of cultivated land in South China was higher than 50.0% and the increase was larger, while in other regions the rates were in the range of 30.0% to 50.0%, with a general increase of 10.0% to 20.0%. The rate and growth of non-grain production of cultivated land were both lower in the northern grain crop planting regions than in the southern regions, which gradually increased in the main grain-producing areas, grain balanced areas, and main grain-marketing areas. At the provincial level, non-grain production exhibited a dynamic process characterized by clustered incremental increases and phased differentiation. 3) Non-grain production of cultivated land in China is influenced by multiple factors, including natural environment, economic development, social activities, policies, and technology. Through the foundational, bidirectional, driving, and regulatory effects of common and differential factors, the driving effects of non-grain production of cultivated land such as background, catalytic, enhancement, and retardation effects are formed. This study supports the viewpoints of many scholars, provides data references for in-depth research on the socioeconomic and natural environmental effects of non-grain production, and proposes optimization strategies for the effective implementation of scientific measures to manage non-grain production of cultivated land.

From the perspective of geo-economic cooperation, Exploring China's industrial transfer to the Mekong River Basin is of great significance for analyzing geoeconomic cooperation between the two countries, deepening investment, and promoting regional development. Based on the migration data of Chinese enterprises from 2010 to 2023, this study adopted social network analysis, parameter optimal geographical detector, and gray correlation analysis methods to further explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and driving mechanism of industrial transfer to the Mekong River Basin. The results show that: 1) The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of industrial transfer was significant. Industrial transfer has gone through three stages of growth-decline-rebound. The number of outgoing enterprises showed a decreasing trend from the eastern coast to the western inland. Geographical advantages and coastal preferences of the transfer destinations were significant, and the capital city clustering effect was particularly prominent. 2) The transfer-out places were concentrated in the eastern coast and radiating to the Mekong River Basin; Thailand had the highest number of industrial transfers, and Laos had the lowest number of transfers, which is highly consistent with the geopolitical and diplomatic relations between China and countries of the Mekong River Basin; and the transfer modes between countries of the Mekong River Basin were different. 3) The secondary industry accounted for 72% of the total industrial transfers, with mainly labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry, the tertiary industry accounted for 27%, and the primary industry accounted for only 1%. Cost was the main migration driving force of the secondary industry. The tertiary industry was transferred together with the secondary industry. The primary industry was mainly limited by natural conditions and the transfer was the least. 4) Industrial transfer was influenced by multiple factors, presenting the pattern of "dual-core drive, four-dimensional support, multi-factor interaction". The three factors of economy, resources, and politics had the highest correlation with the quantity of industrial transfer, among which economic development and infrastructure construction played a key role. Through multi-field coordination, Lancang-Mekong River Basin cooperation alleviated the imbalance of various factors of industrial transfer, optimized the layout of regional industrial chains, and promoted high-quality economic development.

The construction and development of museums is an important area for China to promote the strategy of building a strong cultural nation and the high-quality integration of culture and tourism. In the era of new media, the involvement of various media continues to deepen the media transformation process of museum space. The Henan Museum is a representative case of museum construction in the era of new media, providing vivid samples for exploring the mediatization of space in specific regional and local contexts. This article focused on spatial research from the perspective of media by constructing an analytical framework for the mediatization of space from the perspectives of media geography, including spatial embodiment, spatial platformization, and spatial intermediation. It explored and deconstructed the process of mediatization of space practice and development trajectory of the Henan Museum. The research found that the Henan Museum has enriched the public's embodied experience and transformed their perception of museum space through scene design and various technological media; By creating high-quality local and virtual platforms through rich interactive activities and various online official media, the interactive relationship between the public and museum spaces has been restructured; Through the integration of ancient and modern art and the exchange of world cultures, the temporal and spatial framework of museum space has been rebuilt, becoming the core field of "super temporal narratives" and "cross regional interconnections". The mediatization of space is a continuous process of technological penetration and spatial feedback, and the mediatization of space process of the Henan Museum validates the applicability of the analytical framework in this study. This study also calls for increased attention from the academic community to the subject of museums, while strengthening the exploration of the mediatization of space in different regions and types of spatial contexts. This is of great significance for further promoting the integration of media geography with the practical needs of Chinese cultural tourism.

With the penetration of digitalization in the field of environmental activities, digital platforms that use gamification design to motivate daily pro-environmental behavior emerge. Based on the perspective of Nature 2.0 in human geography under the "digital turn", this study took Ant Forest as an example and adopted mixed qualitative research techniques including the walkthrough method, in-depth interview, and diary recording to explore the logic and function of platform gamification design, the spatiotemporal process of users' platform practice, and the construction of "human-platform-environment" relationship. We found that the Ant Forest platform attempts to motivate pro-environmental behavior in daily space through environmental protection in natural space based on gamified design. Ant Forest users embed platform practices in the small interstitial of their spatiotemporal activities, integrating them into their daily lives. The "human-platform-environment" relationship constructed by this process presents the characteristics of "connection" and "fracture". By narrowing the psychological distance between users and natural space, and mobilizing their support and participation in environmental protection, platform practice establishes a connection between users and environmental protection in natural space. However, the tendency of platform practices to follow the trend based on daily habits, rhythms, and considerations of everyday factors, as well as the contradictions inherent in the platform's gamified design, still lead to fracture between platform practices and the pro-environmental behavior of daily space. Through the discussion of this case study, this study expands the research content of human geography around digitalized environmental activities, highlights the outstanding value of combining spatial processes to understand this emerging phenomenon, and also inspires the academic community, policymakers, and managers to treat carefully the actual environmental significance of using gamification design on digital platforms to motivate pro-environmental behaviors.

The rise of digital social media platforms has fostered the rapid increase of new farmers short video creators, propelling rural revitalization. Taking Douyin platform as an example, this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of these short video creators in Guangdong Province through kernel density analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis. It further analyzed the configuration paths that influence their agglomeration and high-quality development using entropy-weight TOPSIS and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results show that: 1) The overall distribution of new farmers short video creators presents a spatial pattern of "one main center and two sub-centers". Guangzhou is the main center with large number of participants and excellent quality of short videos, while Maoming and Chaoshan are the sub-centers with high concentration of participants and high quality of products. 2) Spatial dependence exists, with a "dense in the central area, sparse in the east, transitional in the west "trend in numbers and the quality is characterized by distinct transitional and secondary cold spot areas, alternating with hot and cold spot areas. 3) The synergistic effects of infrastructure, innovation factors, policy support, industrial scale, economic development, agricultural scale, and human resources have led to three configuration mechanisms: the all-factor double-optimal model, the environmental factor-driven growth model, and the technological factor-driven quality improvement model. These mechanisms have emerged as the key factors that influence the spatial differentiation of new farmers short video creators in Guangdong. This study sheds light on the development mechanisms of new farmers short video creators, offering insights for digital rural construction and talent cultivation in China.

The development of tourism has been recognized as a crucial approach to promoting rural economic growth, leveraging unique cultural and tourism resources, and revitalizing rural endogenous vitality. This study elucidated the connotation of tourism-driven explicit-implicit rural transformation, and used Huanglongxian Tea Culture Village of Nanjing City as a case study to analyze its transformation processes and mechanisms. From the research, four key findings emerged: 1) Rural explicit transformation manifested as observable or measurable changes in tangible elements and their attributes, characterized by visibility and connectivity. Rural implicit transformation refers to less perceptible shifts that require in-depth investigation, exhibiting characteristics of implicitness and multifaceted complexity. 2) The explicit transformation of Huanglongxian is typified by tourism-oriented land use restructuring, architectural spatial adaptation, and infrastructure enhancement, while its implicit transformation features diversified production modes, enriched lifestyle patterns, and synergistic ecological governance. 3) Rural transformation under tourism impetus results from explicit-implicit interactions, where explicit changes precede and influence implicit transformation processes, with the latter reflecting the outcomes of explicit changes. 4) Resource endowment and cultural connotations form the foundation for Huanglongxian's explicit-implicit transformation, with external conditions of rural tourism development and internal demands for collaborative governance as driving forces. This research expanded rural transformation theory by systematically analyzing the interaction mechanisms of multidimensional elements, offering novel theoretical perspectives and empirical references for understanding complex rural transition processes.

Rural communities in plain agricultural areas have unique developmental environments and characteristics. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying their formations and identified their development types, offering insights for targeted policy implementation in rural community construction. Based on questionnaire surveys and on-site interviews with rural residents in typical counties and cities of the Jianghan Plain, this study used the K-means clustering algorithm and elbow analysis method, and employed mobility to interpret exogenous forces and resilience to evaluate internal supports. It analyzed the development characteristics and classified the development types of rural communities through mobility and resilience, highlighting their development prospects. The research found that: 1) During the study period, the average mobility value in the case area was 0.0520, with land mobility contributing 44.80%, as the dominant dimension. The outflow of building land was identified as the primary risk, with building land outflow areas and housing vacancy rates playing critical roles. Mobility was spatially uneven: rural communities with very high and very low economic development levels exhibited significant factor outflows; Medium and high-mobility rural communities were concentrated near transport arteries and town centers, while low-mobility rural communities were scattered. 2) The average resilience value was 0.1777, with networking contributing 40.40%, as the dominant dimension. Social networking emerged as a basic support, with the equalization of public services between urban and rural areas being pivotal. External environmental influences caused resource loss along transport arteries; low and medium-resilience rural communities were clustered near major roads, whereas high-resilience rural communities were randomly distributed. 3) Rural communities in the Jianghan Plain could be classified into resilient type II, moderate type, and vulnerable type I, accounting for 19.74%, 21.05%, and 59.21%, respectively. Vulnerable type I is the dominant type. The development prospects of most rural communities in the case areas were not promising. Rural communities encompassed five development paths: consolidation and upgrading, regulation and optimization, key development, remediation and improvement, and targeted assistance.

With the implementation of China's digital village construction strategy, the digital transformation of the countryside has caused varying degrees of perturbation and impact on the rural economic system. The synergistic development of digital village construction and rural economic resilience is an important prerequisite for sharing digital dividends in rural areas. Most existing studies only discuss the unidirectional impact of digital village construction on rural economic resilience. Fewer studies have used the coupling and coordination theory to explore the interactive impacts of digital village construction and rural economic resilience and their coupling and coordination relationship. This study measured the level of digital village construction and rural economic resilience in provinces of China from 2011 to 2021 through the vertical and horizontal scatter method, and measured the coupling and coordination degree between digital village construction and rural economic resilience through the modified coupling and coordination model. In addition, this study applied kernel density estimation and spatial Markov chain to analyze the dynamic transfer characteristics of the coupling and coordination degree, and applied the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to explore the mechanism of influence of the coupled and coordinated development. The results show that: 1) The coupling and coordination degree between digital village construction and rural economic resilience is higher in the eastern region, and the coupling and coordination degree in the central and western regions has a higher rate of increase, with a clear advantage for latecomers. The type of coupling and coordination in most provinces has changed from digital village lagging type to coordinated development type. 2) The gap between the coupling and coordination development level of digital village construction and rural economic resilience among provinces gradually widens after the implementation of the digital village construction strategy. The coupled and coordinated development shows stability and continuity, and it is difficult to achieve leapfrog development. There is a "club" convergence phenomenon in the coupled and coordinated development. 3) There is an obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the factors that influence the coupled and coordinated development of digital village construction and rural economic resilience. Government regulation, social security, and urban-rural inequality significantly impact the coupled and coordinated development in most provinces. This study provides differentiated strategic recommendations for the optimal regulation of digital village construction from a regional spatial perspective to promote the symbiotic development of digital village construction and rural economic resilience.

The demand for renewable energy, driven by global carbon reduction efforts, has been a key factor in the rise of the wind energy industry worldwide. Conducting empirical research on this topic can provide valuable insights for optimizing wind energy policies. Using Chinese customs trade data and United Nations Comtrade data from 2009 to 2020, this study employed the spatial analysis method to illustrate the export patterns of China's wind energy products and applied a panel data model to examine the impact of destination countries' carbon emission intensity on China's wind energy exports. We also explored the moderating effects from both provincial and destination country perspectives. The findings reveal that: 1) The Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta regions served as China's core wind energy export hubs, with high-income countries being the primary markets; however, export growth was more dispersed compared to total export volume. 2) Countries with higher carbon emission intensities tended to import fewer wind energy products from China, following an inverted "U"-shaped relationship, where most countries during the study period fell on the right side of the curve, indicating increased imports as carbon emission intensity declined. 3) Provinces with strong innovation capabilities were more likely to export wind energy products to high carbon emission countries. 4) Countries belonging to the high-income categories, with large market sizes, and having strong industrial bases tended to compete with China in the wind energy sector, importing relatively fewer wind energy products from China as their carbon emission intensity decreased. 5) Countries with abundant wind resources were more inclined to import wind energy products from China as part of their carbon reduction efforts. These findings suggest that the interplay between market effects and competition effects induced by destinations' carbon ruduction significantly influenced their importation of China's wind energy products. Understanding the carbon reduction processes and wind energy supply-demand characteristics of destination countries is crucial for refining wind energy trade policies.

Metallic mineral resources provide the raw materials for industrial production and economic growth. It is critical to investigate the change of the global metallic mineral trade network to understand changes in global metallic mineral production, distribution, and consumption patterns. In this study, we employed various network analysis methods to portray the spatiotemporal change of the global metallic mineral trade pattern, analyze the topological structures of the global metallic mineral trade network, and identify the status and role of each country in the global metallic mineral trade network, to provide helpful information for understanding the stability of the global metallic mineral supply. The study found that: 1) The global metallic mineral trade, with iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and manganese accounting for a significant share, showed an upward trend amidst fluctuations, and the regional trade pattern is undergoing spatial restructuring. The global metallic mineral trade network has steadily developed hierarchical features and spatial imbalances, creating a trade pattern where major trading countries and active trading countries are interconnected and drive changes of other regions. 2) The scale of the global metallic mineral trade network is expanding, network complexity and density are increasing, and network connectivity is improved with the expansion of the network. However, some countries may face the risk of interruption of the metal supply chain, and the robustness of the global metallic mineral trade network to cope with shocks still needs to be improved. 3) The backbone structures of the global metallic mineral trade network are obvious, with some key nodes and edges playing an essential supporting role. The hub-and-spoke backbone structure with China as the core is relatively stable, while the backbone network with Europe and America as the main body is gradually becoming prominent and shows complicated topological characteristics. 4) China is the core of the global metallic mineral trade network, but there is a significant discrepancy between its import and export scales. Germany and South Africa have important global influence in terms of metallic mineral imports and exports, respectively. Australia, Brazil, and Chile lead the world in export scale, while Japan and the Republic of Korea rank high in import scale. Countries such as the Netherlands, Spain, and Canada play important roles as trade hubs. The position of some countries in the global metallic mineral trade network has been adjusted, with Italy's overall influence and pivotal function declining significantly, the metallic mineral import scale of the United States and the export scale of India decreasing, and Peru gradually ranking among the core metallic mineral exporting countries. Finally, this article put forward policy implications for promoting international trade cooperation in metallic minerals and ensuring the security of metallic minerals supply in China from four dimensions: improving the self-sufficiency rate and utilization efficiency of metallic minerals, optimizing the pattern of international trade cooperation in metallic minerals, enhancing the ability to resist the risks of trade in metallic minerals, and upgrading the ability to control the supply side of metallic minerals.

The cross-border standards jointly formulated by Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao represent an important manifestation of institutional integration in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in the new era. However, existing research has paid insufficient attention to the cross-border standards network, and there is an urgent need to investigate its network structure and the differences in proximity mechanisms. This study focused on the commonly enforced standards in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and employed the social network and multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (MRQAP) analyses to explore the network characteristics of cross-border standards cooperation in the GBA at the current stage, while examining the impact of multidimensional proximities on cross-border standards cooperation. The research findings are as follows: 1) The cross-border standards in the GBA exhibit a "small-world" network centered on Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Shenzhen, with participating institutions being both formal and diverse, primarily led by administrative departments and industry associations. Overall, the integration of standards in the GBA is still in its initial stage, focusing mainly on areas related to people's living, while the integration of standards in infrastructure and emerging industries remains to be improved. 2) Policy proximity, consisting of formal networks, and social proximity, consisting of informal networks, play a "de-bordering" role in cross-border standards cooperation, reflecting the phased evolution of cross-border regional innovation systems from hard infrastructure connectivity to soft institutional integration. This study expanded the cross-border cases of knowledge innovation networks from the perspective of cross-border standards cooperation and empirically deepened the theory of multidimensional proximities in cross-border regional innovation systems.

The study on the location of innovative enterprises can help optimize the allocation of resources and promote the high-quality development of urban economy.Using data of high technology enterprises and technology-based small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from 2019 to 2021, this study examined the spatial distribution characteristics of different innovative enterprises in Beijing, used the negative binomial regression model and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to explore the influence and scale effect of place factors and flow factors on enterprise location selection, and discussed the differences. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of innovative enterprises presents obvious multi-level characteristics of unbalanced distribution, dual-ring structure, and park-oriented clustering. Compared with high technology enterprises, the polarization and agglomeration degree of technology-based SMEs are higher. 2) The key common factors for the location selection of innovative enterprises are the industrial foundation and informal networks. In contrast, the impact intensity of other factors varies due to the heterogeneity of enterprise innovation capabilities. 3) Place factors are mostly global variables, while flow factors are mostly local variables, and there are differences in the scale effects and spatial heterogeneity of the impact of these two types of factors on the location selection of the two types of enterprises. 4) The coupled effects of geographical agglomeration and network agglomeration drive the location selection of different types of innovative enterprises. Therefore, it is important to focus on the comprehensive factors of place and flow dimensions and to implement differentiated strategies based on the type of innovative enterprises.

The occurrence of knowledge innovation activities and their geographical agglomeration affect the high-quality development of industries and regional economy. Scientific demonstration of the evolution mechanism of tourism knowledge innovation networks and revelation of their spatial spillover characteristics on tourism economic development can provide a theoretical support and strategic guidance for narrowing the regional tourism development gap and overcome the development obstacles. Guided by the network capital theory and based on the theoretical framework of tourism knowledge innovation networks affecting tourism economy, this study used social network analysis and the spatial panel Durbin model to explore the spatiotemporal change characteristics of tourism knowledge innovation networks and their influence on tourism economic development. The results show that: 1) The density and relevance of urban tourism knowledge innovation networks in China have gradually increased, the geospatial pattern of "dense in the east and sparse in the west" has remained stable, and the degree of the nodes and intermediary centrality have been decentralized and distributed in a polycentric manner. 2) The level of urban tourism economic development fluctuated and increased, and the advantage of late growth in the central and western regions is obvious. Tourism economic development showed a prominent trend of geographic concentration, and it exhibited a spatial match with the regional economic development pattern. 3) The increase in the centrality of urban tourism knowledge innovation networks significantly promoted the development of the tourism economy, and there was a significant regional heterogeneity in the spatial spillover effects of network externalities on the tourism economy. This study explored the centrality of cities in the tourism knowledge innovation networks and the mechanism of their innovation spillover on the development of tourism economy, to provide a theoretical support and practical reference for realizing the high-quality development of regional tourism economy.

The digital economy is an important carrier of new productivity and a new driving force for high-quality urban development. Exploring its investment network pattern and mechanism is of great significance for accelerating the flow and accurate layout of digital elements. This study used the equity penetration method to obtain the investment data of more than 1.52 million enterprises in 334 cities in China from 2000 to 2020, and then used the weighted centrality, dominant flow, and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) methods to analyze the characteristics of change and driving factors of the investment network of China's urban digital economy from the node-path-community levels. The findings are as follows: 1) Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Nanjing played a significant role in driving the radiation; investment in various sectors of the digital economy showed a high-high, low-low concentration, and remote areas faced the problem of network marginalization. 2) Investment path of the digital economy showed multipolarization, the path of various industries was constantly restructured, and the "leadership" effect of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta was obvious. 3) Digital economy industrial investment network presented the characteristics of community and regionalization, and the network expansion and spread was clear, with the characteristics of explosive growth. 4) The effects of various variables varied with time and space. Similarity in economic development, advanced industrial structure, informatization, and urbanization consolidated the network connection of digital economy investment, while differences in human capital and scientific and technological innovation also strengthened this relationship.

Tourism destination is a core concept in tourism research and tourism practice, but the analysis of the trends, key directions, and theoretical bases of tourism destination research is not clear enough. In this case, neither researchers nor professionals have reached a consensus on the definition of a tourist destination. Although a few studies have conducted in-depth analysis of the keyword co-occurrence network and evolution of tourism destination research, there is a lack of coding, classification, and reflection of the research content. In addition, the exploration of the conceptual nature of tourism destination as a unit of analysis needs to be further developed to provide a fuller cognitive picture for the theorization of tourism destination. Therefore, this study used systematic literature review and bibliometric research methods to examine and reflect on the Chinese literature from 1998 to 2024. The results show that: 1) The research on tourism destinations can be divided into four stages, the abundance and depth of the research topics are deepening, and the co-occurrence map also shows a concentrated trend in the time series, among which tourism image, destination residents, and rural tourism are the topics with high attention. 2) The meta-themes of tourism destination research include 23 categories, which can be divided mainly into five levels: tourism destination image, marketing and brand; tourist perception, attitude, and behavior; rural tourism host and guest perception and culture; tourism destination patterns, processes, and mechanisms; and heritage tourism destination governance and residents' livelihood. 3) The research on tourism destinations is mainly carried out under the paradigm of tourism management and tourism geography, and the related theories of life cycle, glocalization, and social construction are insufficient to understand the complexity of tourism destinations, while the emphasis of social-material theory on networks, heterogeneous actors, and relationship effects provides another possibility for understanding the integrity and dynamics of tourism destination reproduction. This study aimed to clarify the genealogy of tourism destination research and deepen the theoretical exploration of the conceptualization of tourism destination.