Green finance is also called environmental finance or sustainability finance. As an important kind of financial development, green finance focuses on the win-win situation between the environment and economic growth by supporting the environmental protection industry. On the other hand, the green low-carbon transformation development can form diversified green capital needs, which will induce financial institutions to adjust products and services structure, innovate green finance service models and application scenarios with ecological concepts, and this will promote the development of green finance. Therefore, the concept and practice of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation are highly consistent, and there is an inherent logic of coordination and mutual promotion. However, there is limited literature on the coupling and coordination relationship between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and the research on influencing factors needs more in-depth discussions. To reveal the status of coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, this study used the entropy method to measure the level of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and introduced the coupling and coordination degree model, geodetector, and ArcGIS technology to explore the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation based on the data of Hunan Province from 2013 to 2021. The results show that the coupling and coordination degree between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation in Hunan Province was on the rise year by year, and continued to improve over time. The status was transiting to a coordinated stage step by step. The coupling and coordination degree in various regions showed a relatively consistent trend with the entire province. The coupling and coordination degree exhibited spatial agglomeration characteristics and presented a green development pattern radiating from Changsha City to the surrounding areas. The spatial differentiation of the coupling and coordination degree was obvious, greater in the eastern region than the western region, and in the northern region than the southern region. However, the growth speed in the western and southern regions was higher than that in the eastern and northern regions. The geodetector test results show that the coupling and coordination degree was influenced by factors of economic development, financial development scale, green R&D investment, digital infrastructure, and regional openness. Among them, the explanatory power of green R&D investment and financial development scale was greater than other factors, and both of them were the driving factors for the coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation. The research may enable governments to clearly understand the integrated pattern of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, so as to provide a decision-making reference for the integrated development of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and a reliable theoretical basis for cultivating new quality productivity according to local conditions to promote high-quality development.

Digital empowerment for the deep integration of rural culture and tourism is an important initiative for the upgrading of rural industries and the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas in the context of the digital economy. Taking Wusi Village in Zhejiang Province as an example, this study applied the actor network theory to explore the process and mechanism of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment. The results show that: 1) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is a dynamic process in which multiple subjects participate and play with each other in three stages: initial exploration, rapid development, and deep integration. In the process of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village, the village committee continues to play a key role, the role of market players such as cultural and tourism enterprise is gradually increasing, and the degree of association of rural residents with the network of actors is gradually deepening. 2) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is driven by a dynamic circular mechanism consisting of the rural core system and the peripheral system as the integration basis, digital technology and digital platform as the integration support, governmental, societal, and local forces formed by the interaction of multiple actors as the integration actor, and the deep integration of the rural cultural and tourism resources, products, industries, factors, markets, and values as the integration content. 3) The high-level cyclic development of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment is the result of the release of strong effects of both the mechanisms of action and reaction of the integration support and integration actor, and that of the integration actor and integration content. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical experience for the high-quality development of rural digital cultural tourism, the upgrading of rural industries, and comprehensive rural revitalization.

With the in-depth development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, intelligent manufacturing equipment has become an important force to promote the high-quality development of industry, and the study of its production and supply relationship is of great significance to optimize the distribution of new quality productivity.Based on the data of core enterprises and suppliers in China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from 2010 to 2023, this study explored the spatial change characteristics of production-supply relationships of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from three dimensions: production and supply linkage, production and supply network, and production and supply cluster by Pareto analysis and k-kernel analysis. The results are as follows: 1) The number and intensity of enterprise connections were increasing, and 700-1800 km was the general distance of production and supply connection of intelligent manufacturing equipment enterprises. The pattern of intercity production and supply links evolved from the shape of dual core radiation, triangle, to bow and arrow in China, and there were similarities and differences in the dominant flow of intercity production and supply links. The strong production and supply links between enterprises gradually shifted from intracity to intercity, and the number of export-oriented cities increased rapidly. 2) For more than a decade, the structure of the intercity production and supply network of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has become increasingly compact and complex. After 2015, the city hierarchy of the intercity production and supply network has moved from a "pyramid" to a flat structure. 3) The number of production and supply clusters of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has increased from 21 to 29. The production and supply cluster of the Yangtze River Delta has always maintained a leading position, the production and supply clusters of the Pearl River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Shandong Peninsula have developed steadily, and the status of the production and supply clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing region have significantly improved. The pattern of association of node cities within the clusters can be divided into five types: Single center, one core and multiple subordinates, two cores and multiple subordinates, multi-center, and low-level equilibrium, and the node association patterns within the clusters have showed spatiotemporal heterogeneity from 2010 to 2023.

Urban affordable housing communities are often located in suburbs, and these large communities have increasingly become focal points in urban social geography research due to the unique social, economic, and cultural attributes of their residents, the impact of affordable housing communities on residents' employment, lifestyle, and behavioral patterns, as well as the urban social-spatial issues such as residential spatial differentiation and resource distribution disparities induced by the construction of affordable housing. To address the deficiencies in relevant existing studies, including the lack of big data, comprehensive samples, and multi-dimensional, small-scale analyses, this study selected Daishan, the largest affordable housing area in Nanjing City, as the research object. Using 21 residential communities (groups) within the area as spatial units, and utilizing mobile user profiles and questionnaire survey data, combined with social, spatial, behavioral, and perceptual factors, this study investigated the social-spatial characteristics and issues of large affordable housing districts on urban outskirts. The findings reveal that the Daishan area exhibits characteristics such as aggregation of vulnerable groups, insufficient service facilities, heavy commuting burdens, and weak community belonging. While the social space across the area is relatively homogeneous, residents of communities with high concentration of public rental housing have the poorest economic conditions. Conversely, areas with better environmental and residential quality tend to house high-income young professionals. Future development in the area must pay attention to potential risks such as the perpetuation of poverty, community decline, and social discrimination. By integrating big data and conventional data sources to explore social spaces on a fine-grained spatial scale, this approach effectively compensates for the deficiencies of traditional data sources, such as socioeconomic statistics and sample questionnaire survey. This enables a nuanced exploration of urban social-spatial phenomena, providing detailed and authentic insights into the complexities and issues within social spaces.

Against the backdrop of globalization and informatization, digital transformation is not only crucial for cultural and tourism enterprises to enhance service quality and competitiveness but also an inevitable path to achieving high-quality development. Leveraging the theory of complex network evolutionary games, this study constructed a diffusion model for the digital transformation strategies of cultural and tourism enterprises. It delved into the impact of government subsidies on the digital transformation behavior of these enterprises across different regional economic development levels. The findings underscore the significant role of government subsidies in fostering digital transformation among cultural and tourism enterprises. These subsidies expedited decision-making processes and widened the economic disparity between transformed and non-transformed enterprises. Furthermore, the study revealed that the prosperity of the regional economy shaped the decision-making landscape for cultural and tourism enterprises, with those situated in economically developed regions exhibiting a greater propensity to embrace digital transformation. However, as the regional economy attains a certain threshold, the stimulatory effect of government subsidies may diminish, potentially slowing down the pace of digital transformation. This research offers insights for governments to formulate targeted subsidy policies, while also providing theoretical underpinnings and practical guidance for cultural and tourism enterprises to capitalize on the opportunities presented by digital transformation and attain high-quality development. By bridging the gap between policy formulation and corporate strategy, this study contributes to the advancement of the cultural and tourism industry in the digital age.

The digital economy is an important driver of the development of the tourism industry. In order to analyze the multidimensional transmission mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on the development of the tourism industry, this study used the panel data of 30 provinces (data of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are temporarily unavailable) in China's mainland from 2012 to 2019, and the panel benchmark regression model, the mediation effect model, and the spatial econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis. The results show that: 1) The digital economy played a significant role in promoting the development of the tourism industry. 2) Consumer demand, technological innovation, and institutional change were the important pathways of the digital economy affecting the development of the tourism industry. Among these three factors, consumer demand and technological innovation had a partial mediation effect, and institutional change had a masking effect. 3) Under the condition of a certain spatial weight, the digital economy had a spatial spillover effect on the development of the tourism industry, and the digital economy had a siphon effect on the development of the tourism industry in the adjacent areas of informatization, but had no obvious spatial spillover effect on the geographically adjacent areas. This paper can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for further deepening the integration of digital economy and tourism industry, and promoting high-quality development of the tourism industry.

The digital economy has become the first driving force for the innovation-driven development of the cultural and tourism industry. Based on data from 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2021, this study found that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry, the conclusion that remains valid after robustness tests. The digital economy has been a more significant driving factor within Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, between large cities and between large and small and medium-sized cities, and between the core areas and between core and non-core areas. There is no significant correlation between the national smart tourism pilot cities and non-pilot cities in terms of high-quality synergistic development of the digital economy and the cultural and tourism industry. Mechanism tests showed that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry through channels such as promoting cultural and tourism product innovation and enhancing market potential. Further research found that the development of the digital economy in the Shanghai metropolitan area has narrowed the gap in the development of the cultural and tourism industry in various cities, while the existence of the "digital divide" in non-metropolitan areas has exacerbated the imbalance in the cultural and tourism industry. The conclusions have important implications for various types of subjects to cultivate the digital economy as a new force for the development of the cultural and tourism industry, and thus optimize the spatial pattern of high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry enabled by the digital economy.

Scene theory provides a new theoretical perspective for deepening research of cultural and tourism integration. This study used the scene theory as a theoretical analysis tool, summarizing the research value of cultural and tourism scenes, proposing the theoretical connotation and logic of cultural and tourism scenes, and identifying the research direction of cultural and tourism scenes. The research findings are as follows: 1) The research value of cultural and tourism scenes is reflected in placing the cultural and tourism industries in the same dynamic and complete system, and the differentiated scenes formed are conducive to implementing heterogeneous cultural and tourism integrative development strategies. 2) The theoretical connotation of cultural and tourism scenes includes four parts: First, concrete substance is an important foundation for the existence of cultural and tourism scenes. Second, the unique cultural value is contained in cultural and tourism scenes. Third, cultural values are the core components of cultural and tourism scenes. Last, the construction of cultural and tourism scenes becomes the driving force for culture and tourism integration. 3) The theoretical logic of cultural and tourism scenes is formed by the interaction of three dimensions: local originality, symbolic perception, and value expression. 4) Future research on cultural and tourism scenes should focus on the theoretical connotation and contemporary value of cultural and tourism scenes, the expression of cultural value in cultural and tourism scenes, the pattern recognition and operation mechanism of cultural and tourism scenes, and the application of digital technology in cultural and tourism scenes. The research can provide a theoretical basis and scenario application reference for promoting the development of culture and tourism integration.

The digital economy is an important engine that can guide the rapid optimal allocation and regeneration of resources and achieve high-quality development of the tourism economy. Studying the impact of the digital economy on tourism innovation efficiency from the perspective of "local-neighboring area" spatial effect has important theoretical and practical significance for the high-quality development of the tourism industry. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, this study constructed a theoretical framework for the impact of the digital economy on tourism innovation efficiency. Based on the measurement of the development level of the digital economy and tourism innovation efficiency, this study explored the dynamic response relationships between the two and the spatial effects of the impact of the digital economy on tourism innovation efficiency. The findings are as follows: 1) Temporally, the mean value of tourism innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region showed a U-shaped pattern of first decreasing and then increasing. The overall level of efficiency was relatively low, and the region with high values kept growing over time. The tourism innovation efficiency of Shanghai and Zhejiang Province was higher than the average value of the Yangtze River Delta region. The gap between the tourism innovation efficiency of Jiangsu Province and the average value of the Yangtze River Delta region was narrowing, and it exceeded the average value of the Yangtze River Delta region in 2018, while the tourism innovation efficiency of Anhui Province had always been lower than the average values of the Yangtze River Delta region. 2) Spatially, tourism innovation efficiency generally presented a trend of high in the east and low in the west, and high in the south and low in the north. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the economically developed areas or the areas with high abundance of tourism resources, which had apparent characteristics of economic and resource orientation. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of tourism innovation efficiency were apparent, and the "high-high" and "low-low" types dominated the agglomeration modes. 3) The digital economy was the Granger cause of tourism innovation efficiency, and the response of tourism innovation efficiency to the impact of the digital economy presented the characteristics of cyclical fluctuations and time lag. The digital economy had a significant positive direct effect on local tourism innovation efficiency, but the influence on tourism innovation of neighboring cities is stage-specific. Currently, the trickle-down effect of digital factor resources has a positive effect on the tourism innovation of neighboring cities.

Nearby urbanization is a new urbanization development path relative to remote urbanization, which refers to the process in which the rural population migrates to small and medium-sized cities and towns near their home areas for employment and residence rather than to distant places. Under the background of new-type urbanization, the regional difference of nearby urbanization constitutes a significant part of China's overall regional urbanization disparities, and it will profoundly affect China's urbanization process and the coordinated development of the economy and society. In this study, we used Theil index nested decomposition and the spatial Markov chain model to analyze the overall difference and decomposition of China's nearby urbanization development, and describe the regional convergence pattern of China's nearby urbanization development in detail, focusing on the impact of spatial effects on the nearby urbanization. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the overall difference of nearby urbanization level in China showed a trend of continuous narrowing, consistent with the gradual narrowing of the development direction of the country's regional nearby urbanization gap. The overall difference of the urbanization rate within provinces was the largest, followed by the urbanization rate within counties, and the urbanization rate within towns was the smallest. 2) From the perspective of scale decomposition, local urbanization and its three subtypes (provincial urbanization, county urbanization, and town urbanization) showed the largest differences within provinces. By comparing the inter-provincial differences in the four regions, the western region had the largest inter-provincial differences, while the other regions showed relatively small differences. Comparing the intra-provincial differences of the four regions, the differences in the western and central provinces were large, while the differences in the eastern and northeastern provinces were small. 3) With regard to convergence patterns, there were spatial convergence clubs for nearby urbanization and its decompostions in China. The development of nearby urbanization in China showed obvious spatial linkage effect with the surrounding environment, and there was a certain spatial spillover effect. The results imply that the regional inequality of nearby urbanization in China follows the neoclassical convergence hypothesis and will narrow in the long term. Overall, the regional inequality of nearby urbanization in China from 2000 to 2020 stemmed mainly from inter-provincial inequality, especially in the central and western regions. With the improvement of the development level and radiation capacity of central cities in central and western China, we should strengthen support for the economic development of secondary regional node cities and improvement of public service facilities in small towns. This study provides a scientific support for comprehensively grasping the regional differences of urbanization in China and scientifically formulating the strategic measures of differentiated urbanization.

Exploring the impact of urban morphology on the thermal environment is crucial for implementing sustainable urban planning and improving thermal conditions of cities. However, current research on the multiscale analysis of the heterogeneity in urban morphology's thermal environmental effects at the community scale is still insufficient, and the process of effectively integrating research findings into urban planning and management practices also faces numerous challenges. This study focused on the Nankai District, a typical high-density urban area in Tianjin Municipality, and used the building vector data and Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery to quantify urban morphology and land surface temperatures during the summer at the community scale. It integrated the multiscale geographically weighted regression and K-means clustering methods to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of urban morphology's impact on land surface temperatures and to perform cluster zoning. The results revealed that: 1) The summer land surface temperatures in Nankai District exhibited a high in the north and low in the south distribution with significant spatial autocorrelation, forming high-high and low-low aggregation patterns. 2) The multiscale geographically weighted regression model significantly outperformed ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models in fitting and explaining the relationship between urban morphology and land surface temperatures. 3) The impact of urban morphology factors on summer land surface temperatures showed multiscale spatial heterogeneity, with influences ranking from highest to lowest as follows: building density > normalized difference vegetation index > floor area ratio > building volume density, where building density and building volume density contributed to higher temperatures, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index and floor area ratio had a notable cooling effect. 4) Clustering based on the spatial heterogeneity of urban morphology indicators affecting summer land surface temperatures allowed the study area to be divided into three distinct regions, which enabled the formulation of differentiated planning strategies. The findings of this study provide a basis for optimizing community thermal environments. Moreover, effectively integrating multiscale geographically weighted regression and K-means clustering methods offers new perspectives and methodological frameworks for urban thermal environment research and related fields.

Since 2000, great changes have taken place in the spatial pattern of the development in western China, and the internal differentiation has become increasingly prominent. Optimizing the spatial pattern of development is an important way to solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in the western region. This study used the trajectory of gravity center of development and Theil index to examine the change of the spatial pattern of development and regional inequality at different spatial scales in western China from 2000 to 2019. The results show that: 1) The change of the spatial pattern of development of the western region showed obvious stages. From 2000 to 2010, the population gravity center and economic gravity center moved northward, and the development in the northwest was better than that in the southwest generally. The overall regional development inequality in the western region had been widening. After 2010, the population and economic gravity centers began to move southward, and the development in the southwest was obviously better than that in the northwest. The overall gap in regional development was also narrowing. 2) There was a significant spatial heterogeneity and diversity in the changes of regional development inequality in the western region. Although the economic gap between the far west and the near west was small, it continued to widen since 2005. The per capita GDP gap between the southwest and the northwest and the income gap between urban and rural residents in the west show an inverted U-shaped trend. Although the income gap of rural residents in northwestern China and southwestern China had been narrowing, the gap was still significant. The income gap of rural residents between northwestern and southwestern areas had shown a widening trend, but the gap was not significant. 3) The development trend of the provinces showed a clear differentiation, forming four different types of development. Finally, the article put forward the strategy of optimizing the development pattern of the western region in the future.

The world is currently experiencing unprecedented changes, with frequent geopolitical conflicts, major public health incidents, extreme natural hazards and disasters, and other emergencies. The risks of the global grain supply chain are becoming increasingly prominent, and enhancing the resilience of the global grain supply chain has become a fundamental way to ensure the security and stability of the global grain supply chain. This study measured the resilience of international grain supply chains by identifying multidimensional supply chain network resilience measurement indicators based on the perspective of complex network. The characteristics of change of resilience and node anti-interference ability were analyzed. The results show that: 1) The global supply chains of rice and corn have a higher level of resilience, followed by the global supply chain of wheat, and the global supply chain of soybean has the lowest level of resilience. 2) The global supply chain networks of the four types of grain products are all resilient networks with fast recovery capacity and adaptability and their resilience levels have all improved. However, there are differences in their improvement levels, with soybeans, rice, wheat, and corn in descending order. 3) In the global supply chain network of the four types of grain products, China's anti-interference level is higher than the world average, but lower than the United States, and the anti-interference level of wheat and corn needs to be improved. The results of this study have important practical and theoretical significance for clarifying the resilience level and characteristics of change of the global grain supply chain, which may help enhance China's position and anti-interference ability in the global grain supply chain network.

In the context of global warming, there is a higher probability of occurrence of the summertime compound hot extremes when daytime and nighttime heat sustains, which lead to the reduction of continuous precipitation and increase of precipitation with short duration and high intensity, resulting in changes of diurnal precipitation pattern at summertime in the Northern Hemisphere land area. Compared with the well-understood summer precipitation on the annual scale, current knowledge about combined daytime and nighttime precipitation remains too scarce for the Loess Plateau of China. Based on the daily precipitation and maximum temperature dataset from 1970 to 2020 released by the National Meteorological Information Center and using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and Mann-Kendall trend analysis method, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of rainfall amount, days, and intensity for four types of diurnal precipitation process on the Loess Plateau in summertime (from June to August), including sunny days and rainy nighttime, hot daytime and rainy nighttime, rainfall days for diurnal composite precipitation, as well as rainy daytime and rainless nighttime. The results are as follows: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the Loess Plateau witnessed a significant increase of precipitation amount in summertime and nighttime, which had not changed the spatial pattern characterized by a decreasing gradient of precipitation from southeast to northwest. 2) Consistent with the fluctuating precipitation amount and decreased precipitation days, there was a significant increasing trend for the precipitation intensity in sunny days and rainy nighttime, rainfall days for diurnal composite precipitation, rainy daytime and rainless nighttime from 2000 to 2020, while for hot daytime and rainy nighttime the precipitation intensity maintained stable fluctuations after the 1990s. 3) Areas in the central arid zone of Ningxia, eastern part of the Hetao Plain, northern Shanxi Province, and from the Fen-Wei Plain to the Yiluo River Plain were sensitive to the variations of sunny days and rainy nighttime. However, the Earth-Rock Mountain and high-altitude regions of the southwestern Loess Plateau are sensitive to hot daytime and rainy nighttime changes. Meanwhile, we observed a high sensitivity for the variations of rainfall days for diurnal composite precipitation, as well as rainy daytime and rainless nighttime in the valley and plain areas of the southeastern part of the Loess Plateau. The findings highlight that the increased intensity of daytime precipitation and diurnal composite precipitation is changing the patterns of diurnal extreme precipitation on the Loess Plateau, inspiring to enhance the research regarding the variations and mechanism of diurnal extreme precipitation in summertime.

The flow of ecotourists from urban to suburban areas reflects urban residents' geographical preferences, demands, and selection behaviors regarding ecotourism in suburban settings to a certain extent. Scientifically understanding the network structural characteristics of this flow is crucial for optimizing the allocation of ecotourism resources, developing heterogeneous linkages, and facilitating networked development pattern in the suburban areas. This research took Beijing as a case study area and used mobile phone data to track the ecotourism footprints of residents from the urban center to suburban areas. Drawing on the social network theory, we established an evaluation indicator system for the ecotourist flow network in the Beijing suburbs and integrated it with spatial analysis to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of core-periphery, key nodes, and cohesive subgroups, as well as their aggregation-linkage patterns. The research findings indicated that: 1) The ecotourist flow network in the suburbs of Beijing exhibited a distinct hierarchical structure. Core nodes (78) demonstrated a spatial differentiation pattern characterized by "denser flows in the inner-suburbs and sparser flows in the outer-suburbs, and denser flows in the west and sparser flows in the east", forming a "two-eight dependence" linkage mode characterized by localized agglomeration and weak diffusion towards the edge nodes (95). 2) The key nodes (34) had significant advantages in degree, closeness, and betweenness centrality, with strong ecotourist flow connections among them and frequent bidirectional interactions, and forming aggregation-linkage patterns such as "loop-belt", "point-axis", "horizontal integration", and "vertical integration". Collectively, these patterns constituted a dynamic cyclic system radiating throughout the suburban areas of Beijing. 3) The cohesive subgroups (4), guided by the principle of geographic proximity, exhibited linkage patterns of "multi-core agglomeration and vertical diffusion", "single-core agglomeration and layered diffusion", "dual-core agglomeration and horizontal diffusion", and "chain-like agglomeration and clustered diffusion". These patterns incorporated various natural elements such as cropland, forest, grassland, and water. Based on these findings, we put forward recommendations to explore the integrated development path that leverage the complementary advantages of core and neighboring peripheral towns and townships, enhance cooperation between key nodes, stimulate spillover effects to other nodes, and promote the formation of a networked supply pattern that seeks differentiation of nodes with similar resource endowments and full linkage between those with different resource endowments.

The world is undergoing unprecedented changes that have not been seen in a century, with an era of uncertainty and precarity beginning to emerge. Over the past 20 years, the concept of precarity has rapidly become a topic of great interest in Western human geography. This article first explained the basic connotations of precarity in terms of labor conditions, ontological experience, and class categories based on the classic literature of Western social science. It then reviewed the research trajectory of precarity in Western human geography and found that the geographical research on precarity exhibits a significant critical thinking approach. It focuses on the impact of structured environments of precarity on individuals and their responses within such environments, forming two main research threads: one is the study of precarity in labor conditions under specific historical circumstances, focusing on the structural mechanisms of precarious employment and the agency of the precariat; the other is the study of precarity as an ontological experience of human life, focusing on the impact of precarity caused by geopolitics and the politics of everyday urban life on residents and the political consequences that arise. Finally, the article suggests that research on precarity in the Chinese context can be carried out by integrating the economic situations of emerging economies, the new normal of the economy, flexible capital accumulation, and international politics. This article aimed to promote the field of human geography in China to extend into the realm of precarity, preparing for research in understanding social risks brought about by precarity and achieving long-term stable development of the social economic system.

The digital economy enables the intelligent transformation of tourism, and has become a new focus for the stable and sustainable development of China's tourism economy. On the basis of clarifying the spatiotemporal mechanism of impact of the digital economy on tourism economic resilience, this study used the panel data from 211 excellent tourism cities in China from 2011 to 2020 and the mediation effect model and panel threshold spatial Durbin model to test the mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the digital economy impact on tourism economic resilience. The results show that: 1) Spatially, the development of the digital economy during the research period consistently showed a distribution trend of high in the east and low in the west, and exhibited a clustered patchy distribution pattern within regions; tourism economic resilience was relatively dispersed during the research period, and the spatial differences between the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions showed a trend of convergence. 2) The digital economy had a significant positive impact on tourism economic resilience. For every 1 unit increase in the level of digital economy development, tourism economic resilience increased by 0.2748, which has passed the robustness test. 3) In terms of the mechanism of impact of the digital economy on tourism economic resilience, the digital economy promoted the improvement of tourism economic resilience by increasing the level of tourism economic growth in the dimension of resistance ability, improving the technology carrier in the dimension of recovery capacity, and improving human capital in the dimension of reorganization ability. That is, tourism economic growth, technology carrier, and human capital are the main paths through which the digital economy has a significant positive impact on tourism economic resilience. 4) The development of the digital economy has empowered the local tourism economy to enhance its resilience, but it has a siphon effect on tourism economic resilience of neighboring cities. The results of this study enrich the research on the antecedent factors affecting tourism economic resilience, and provide a reference for decision making based on the digital economy to empower high-quality development of the tourism economy.

Functional polycentricity is a reflection of the essential attributes of urban agglomerations, and an important way to build a new urbanization pattern of division of labor and cooperation with improved functions.Based on Tencent's population movement data from 19 urban agglomerations of China, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of population flow networks at the national and regional scales and functional polycentricity in urban agglomerations, and further explored the influencing factors of functional polycentricity. The results show that: 1) The regional functional polycentricity index of urban agglomerations of China as a whole is larger than the national functional polycentricity index and evolves toward stronger polycentricity, and there is a large gap between the national and regional functional polycentricity indices of the three types of urban agglomerations. 2) The regional functional polycentricity index of most urban agglomerations is larger than the national functional polycentricity index, which is in line with the general pattern that the larger the scale, the smaller the polycentricity index. The functional polycentricity type of each urban agglomeration is stable, but the direction of change differs. There is no obvious relationship between the functional polycentricity type of urban agglomerations and the type of urban agglomerations' development, and the type of urban agglomerations' functional polycentricity shows complexity. 3) The increase in GDP per capita reduces the national functional polycentricity index and shows a "U"-shaped correlation with the regional functional polycentricity index. The increase in the ratio of the total value of the secondary and tertiary industries promotes the increase of the national functional polycentricity index, and the increase in the size of the resident population and the decrease in the proportion of Internet users promotes the increase of the regional functional polycentricity index. The results of this study can provide relevant references for the development strategy of the spatial structure of urban agglomerations.

Rhythmmanalysis, as an important theory in geographic research, has received extensive attention in the international academic community, but has not yet been fully emphasized in the Chinese academic community. This article first defined the connotation of Henri Lefebvre's concept of rhythm, and explained the theoretical connotation and inner connection of polyrhytmia, arrhythmia, eurhythmia, dressage, and isorhythmia in the theory of rhythm analysis; second, it systematically reviewed the rhythm research of the international geography community in the dimensions of the subject, the place, and the mobility. The article further discussed the deep insight of rhythm analysis in understanding the interactions between human activities and geographical space. Third, the article explored two theoretical perspectives of rhythm analysis—a localized time and a temporalized place—and explained the differences and connections between them in terms of research focus. Ultimately, rhythmanalysis, as a humanistic research method, pays attention to the comprehensive development of individuals, offering new theoretical perspectives and research methodologies for issues such as life rhythm, cultural rhythm, and ecological rhythm within the context of contemporary China. The article posits that the localization and modernization of the theory of rhythm analysis will provide a scientific guidance for the theoretical innovation of human geography practice in China, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of society and the comprehensive development of human beings.

The flow of cultural ecosystem services, as a bridge between the supply of ecological resources and the needs of human society, represents the nonmaterial benefits that people actually receive from ecosystems and is closely related to human well-being. National parks are spatial carriers to realize the value of natural resources and benefit the general public in typical ecosystems. They take ecological protection, scientific research and education, and recreational use as management objectives to satisfy people's needs for beautiful ecological environments, excellent ecological products, and high-quality ecological services. Taking the Liaohekou National Park as a case area, this study constructed a spatial multiscale integration framework for cultural ecosystem service flow based on the research paradigms for different spatial scales, used multiple source data such as remote sensing and social media data, and applied spatial analysis tools such as the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS platform to evaluate the spatial patterns of recreational, biodiversity, historical, scientific, and educational services provision and flow of the ecosystem and their influencing factors in the study area. The results show that: 1) In general, at the intraregional scale, the total supply of various cultural ecosystem services is greater than the intraregional service flows, and the four types of cultural ecosystem service flows are mainly concentrated in estuaries and eastern coastal areas; at the interregional scale, the distribution of various types of cultural ecosystem service flows is mainly related to the level of economic development, especially in coastal provinces and municipalities. 2) At different spatial scales, the factors that influence the spatial distribution of cultural ecosystem service flows have different strengths, among which the distance from national parks and economic factors show significant differences at different scales, with the former showing strong-weak-strong changes within the region, province, and the whole country, and the latter showing weak-strong-strong changes. The spatial multiscale integration framework of cultural ecosystem service flow constructed in this study is not only an exploratory study on the distribution pattern and mechanism of cultural ecosystem service flow, but also provides a reference for improving the management efficiency and ecological product supply capacity of national parks, and promotes the construction of national park protected area system.

As China's economic and trade cooperation with Southeast Asia and other regions becomes increasingly close, accelerating the construction of the new western land-sea corridor and enhancing the quality and efficiency of logistics development is of great significance for promoting economic development and high-level opening-up in the inland areas of western China. This study focused on 30 urban units within the core coverage area of the new western land-sea corridor. Based on long-term statistical data, it employed the back propagation (BP) neural network model to predict the railway and highway freight volumes of each city after the completion of the main corridor. An improved gravity model was used to simulate the freight connections between cities under future corridor capacity conditions. Additionally, social network analysis was applied to compare the railway and highway logistics network structures before and after the completion of the corridor. The results indicate that: 1) The construction of the new western land-sea corridor helps reduce the railway and highway distances between cities in the core coverage area, increasing the total freight volume of each city. 2) Upon completion of the corridor, logistics connections between seaports and landports, such as Fangchenggang and Kunming facing Southeast Asia, and cities such as Chongqing and various provincial capitals, will be significantly strengthened. This will also promote the flow of goods to prefecture-level cities, leading to a hierarchical and integrated development pattern in the logistics network. 3) In terms of the distance reduction effect, changes in freight volume, and shifts in logistics network structure, the construction of the corridor has a stronger impact on the railway logistics network compared to the highway network. By comparing the changes in land logistics network patterns before and after the construction of the corridor, this study provides scientific insights for optimizing corridor layout, upgrading logistics networks, and promoting high-quality regional economic development.

The study of administrative center relocation integrates perspectives from a wide range of fields, including geography, history, economics, politics, and environmental studies. Exploring the historical development and future trends of administrative center relocation is crucial for enhancing the scientific, normative, and effective setting of administrative divisions and for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. This study systematically analyzed relevant Chinese and international publications through a comprehensive literature review and bibliometric analysis, elucidating the conceptual attributes, thematic evolution, main research findings, and future development trends of administrative center relocation research. The study found that the motivations for relocating administrative centers are deeply rooted in supporting national strategic development. There is an interactive relationship between research findings and national policies, effectively promoting the deepening and expansion of the field of administrative division studies. The historical continuity and interdisciplinary nature of research on administrative center relocation provide rich perspectives and methodologies for the study. Given the differences in the stages of socioeconomic development and administrative systems between international and Chinese contexts, international experiences imply that China needs to adopt a dialectical approach based on its specific national conditions to develop a research path with distinctive Chinese characteristics. This involves critically analyzing international case studies and adapting the lessons learned to fit China's unique sociopolitical and economic landscape. In the process of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, it is essential to strengthen the evaluation of the effects and underlying mechanisms of administrative center relocation. This includes a thorough scientific assessment of relocation plans, focusing on their feasibility, potential benefits, and risks. By employing effective administrative division measures, regional sustainable development can be promoted, and the efficiency of national spatial governance can be enhanced. The conclusions of this study can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for research on the relocation of administrative centers in China, promoting in-depth academic research and methodological innovation in this field.

Urban afforestation has been a significant artificial forestation approach in China. In theory, it serves as a crucial sink for urban carbon emissions, but it remains challenging to quantitatively assess the current status and potential of carbon sequestration of urban forest vegetation. This study, based on the biomass-age relationship in forest succession theory (FCS model), used 30-m high-resolution remote sensing imagery data and integrated IPCC climate scenario data to assess and predict the current status and potential of carbon sequestration in newly added forest vegetation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban area from 1985 to 2020. The research findings indicate that the total carbon sequestration in newly added forest vegetation in the area from 1985 to 2020 is approximately 14.28 × 10⁴ t, with Beijing urban area having the highest carbon sequestration amount of about 10.34 × 10⁴ t, possibly due to the largest growth rate of urban forest area in Beijing. By 2060, the potential carbon sequestration of this newly added forest vegetation is expected to be close to 39.72 × 10⁴ t, with Beijing urban area still having the highest potential of around 25.93 × 10⁴ t. From the perspective of city or district-level administrative units, in the period from 1985 to 2020, the district with the highest carbon sequestration in newly added forest vegetation in Beijing urban area was Shijingshan District, while in Tianjin urban area it was Jizhou District, and in Hebei urban area it was Chengde City. However, carbon sequestration potential differs, with Shunyi District becoming the area with the highest potential in Beijing urban area, Jizhou District remaining the highest in Tianjin urban area, and Langfang City becoming the highest in Hebei urban area. It is evident that there are significant differences in historical carbon sequestration and future carbon sink potential among different urban areas, which also suggests that future management of urban forest carbon sinks needs to integrate the current status and potential of carbon sinks comprehensively. This study innovatively proposed an accurate assessment method for quantifying urban forest carbon sinks, and its research findings provide important references for the scientific management and optimization strategies of urban forest carbon sinks.

Under the background of high-quality urban development in Chinese-style modernization, building open, diverse, and resilient livable community life circles has become an important aspect of the sustainable development of future cities and the improvement of residents' quality of life and sense of well-being. The spatial and temporal optimization of facilities in community life circles is an important direction for urban renewal and transformation. This study took the Dangdai-Yimei community life circle—an area located in the suburb of Beijing—as a case study area, and combined spatial syntactic modeling with spatiotemporal characteristics of residents' daily activities. By conducting a spatial environment evaluation at the scale of urban community life circle, we put forward recommendations for spatial optimization. The study found that space with high availability in spatial syntactic measurement results is usually rarely used in residents' daily life due to access control management, behavioral needs, work arrangements and other factors. The fact that residents indirectly use facilities in other communities reveals the need for sharing of space between communities. Within the community life circle, there are shortcomings such as inadequate facility allocation and insufficient public spaces. Shopping facilities are located far from residential areas, leading to fewer shopping activities within the community life circle. The lack of leisure spaces forces residents to use the major transportation hub as leisure spaces. Finally, the low activity of working professionals within the community life circle during weekday evenings reflects the inadequacy of spatial flexibility planning. We recommend that in the future, human behavioral needs should be integrated with the spatial structure characteristics of the built environment in communities. This includes advocating for increased openness and sharing between communities within community life circles, diversifying the functions of public spaces, and appropriately adding flexible activity spaces. These efforts aim to create more livable and harmonious living activity spaces.

Rural and urban spatial systems are a spatial support for implementing the rural revitalization strategy. Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent issues in individual village development, constructing a rural and urban spatial system identification path that serves rural cluster development is an effective way to achieve regional coordinated development. This study established a rural and urban spatial system identification path of "rural development poles-rural development clusters" and used multi-source data from 379 villages of 18 towns in Jinghai District, Tianjin Municipality, to analyze the spatial network characteristics of villages and towns. Based on the rural and urban spatial system identification path, rural development clusters were then delineated, and revitalization paths for different development clusters were proposed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The spatial network characteristics under the dimensions of economic development, resource endowment, and living environment vary, with notable local agglomeration characteristics of comprehensive development levels. The network density exhibits a distribution pattern that decreases from the northeast to the southwest. 2) Based on resource characteristics, villages were categorized into four types and eight variants: multi-resource dominant (P-C-A), dual-resource dominant (P-C, P-A, C-A), single-resource dominant (P, C, A), and non-resource dominant (p-c-a), with single-resource dominant and non-resource dominant villages being the majority in Jinghai District. 3) According to the rural and urban spatial system identification path, central villages, characteristic villages, and rural development clusters were sequentially identified based on the spatial network. Furthermore, sub-clusters of rural development were identified based on the dominant resource evaluation results. A rural and urban system in the study area was ultimately mapped, comprising 24 central villages, 13 characteristic villages, 9 rural development groups, and their 30 subordinate rural development sub-groups. 4) Based on the optimization pattern of the rural and urban spatial system, the characteristics of rural development clusters were further analyzed, and a clustered development path for promoting rural revitalization by zoning and classification was proposed.