The peaking time and peak Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) are important indicators of vegetation phenology and growth that play a decisive role in annual productivity. Using MODIS EVI (MOD13C1) data and a double logistic four-parameter model, we quantified the spatial and temporal variations of peaking time of vegetation growth and peak EVI, and their sensitivities to climate at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during 2001-2020. The results show that: 1) During the 20 years, the peaking time of vegetation growth occurred between June and August. It first advanced and then delayed with the increase in latitude. Discounting land north of 70°N, the peaking time tended to advance with increasing latitude. Peak EVI ranged between 0.2 and 0.6, with higher EVI in high latitudes. 2) The spatially averaged peaking time of vegetation growth in the study area showed a nonsignificant advancing trend during the study period (0.12 d/a, p>0.05). The percentage of pixels showing advancing trend (60.3%) was larger than that with delaying trend (39.7%). Peak EVI showed a significant increasing trend, with an increase of 0.01/10 a (p<0.01). Spatially 74.5% of the study area showed an increasing trend in peak EVI. 3) During 2001-2020, the impacts of changing temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover in the spring and the summer were widespread. Temperature had the strongest effect on the peaking time and peak EVI of vegetation growth, with asymmetric effects at high latitudes. At low latitudes, a rise in temperature was likely to decrease peak EVI through events such as droughts. In contrast, the effects of precipitation and cloud cover on the peaking time and peak EVI of vegetation growth were relatively complex and spatially heterogeneous. The results of our study may provide data and information to elucidate the mechanisms that drive vegetation phenology and growth patterns and their responses to climate change at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and to predict the impacts on ecosystem changes.

The urban life cycle theory was proposed by Hall and Van den Berg and colleagues based on European urban research. According to the changes in the population of the urban core and rings, the urban spatial evolution process is divided into four stages: Urbanization, suburbanization, deurbanization, and reurbanization. The stage alternation and specific stages described by the theory have also been confirmed by subsequent empirical research, and this theory has been widely applied in identifying and studying the stages of urban development. However, this theory has been criticized and questioned as follows: 1) The process of urban development cannot be measured solely from a single population change perspective; 2) There are heterogeneities in urban development under different backgrounds; 3) The division of stages is unreasonable and debatable; and 4) Urban space does not always evolve linearly in a unidirectional order. In this context, many studies have made revisions, supplements, and improvements to this theory, and some new theories have been proposed, but there is still room for breakthroughs and development. Future breakthroughs can be made in the following aspects: 1) Incorporate marginal cities, shrinking cities, gentrification, and new urban phenomena into research of the post crisis and post pandemic period, and consider changes in people's lifestyle and thinking, socioeconomic background, and so on, to expand the applicability of the theory; 2) Refine urban types to identify the diversity of evolution, and conduct comparative research to identify urban life cycle models that are suitable for China; 3) Incorporate population structure and integrate the data of population size, age, and household and socioeconomic characteristics to enhance the depth of urban spatial analysis; and 4) Increase research on the migration of residents and businesses, expand micro-scale perspectives, and integrate multiple urban systems to enhance the comprehensiveness of urban spatial evolution theory.

Improving the carbon sequestration and sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems is one of the most economical and green ways to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals on schedule. Soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), as important soil organic carbon fractions, are the key to understanding changes in the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that climate warming has changed the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and affected the input of organic carbon from plants and microorganisms at the same time, but there is no unified conclusion on the response of soil organic carbon components to climate warming and their controlling factors. This article systematically introduced the framework of soil particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. The formation, transformation, and stabilization of the two components were described. The article reviewed current research progresses on the response of soil particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon to climate warming and their influencing factors. On this basis, the shortcomings of existing research and future challenges were discussed, and the key scientific issues that need to be solved urgently at present and future research directions were proposed, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of soil organic carbon management and solutions to climate change.

One of the basic topics in population geography is how the population distributes and changes on terrain gradients. With the improvement of data accuracy and quality, it is feasible to conduct macroscopic analysis for this question based on kilometer grid cells. This study analyzed the distribution and change characteristics of China's population on the gradients of elevation, ruggedness, and slope from 2000 to 2020, using methods of frequency distribution statistics, based on 1-km grid statistical cells, and using spatial demographic datasets (WorldPop) and digital elevation model datasets (SRTMGL1). The effects of different digital elevation model datasets (including ASTER GDEM and SRTMGL1) and spatial demographic datasets (including WorldPop, LandScan, and GPW) on the results were also compared and the differences between the 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data were further explored with SRTMGL1 and WorldPop. The results show that: 1) The population increasingly tends to be distributed at the lower position of terrain gradients. The half-balance points of the population distribution on elevation, ruggedness, and slope gradients were 95.6 m, 50.7 m, and 3.01° respectively in 2000, and decreased to 77.0 m, 46.8 m, and 2.88° in 2020. 2) Dominant area of population distribution relative to land area has been stably located at a lower position of terrain gradients. The upper boundary of the dominant part of the population over terrain (MU) is stably located at the elevation of 520 m, the ruggedness of 137 m, and the slope of 6.84°, respectively, and the population dominance rate rose from 0.511, 0.248, and 0.217 in 2000 to 0.522, 0.274, and 0.255 in 2020, respectively. 3) Different spatial demographic datasets have no effect on the distribution and change pattern of population on terrain gradients, while DEM datasets have significant effects on the ruggedness gradient and slope gradient distribution of population. There is no difference between 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data for this study, and the 1-km grid dataset is recommended for the study of population distribution at the national scale and above. This study provides a new basic reference for understanding of the relationship between population distribution and terrain in China at the kilometer grid scale.

Amidst economic globalization, commerce and trade have become increasingly interwoven with national security and foreign policy, emphasizing the growing interdependence of commerce, trade, and foreign policy in the 21st century. This trend has intensified in the 21st century, with the rise of multipolar economies and growing trade and technology conflicts, particularly between China and the United States, fueling interest in geoeconomic research. However, geoeconomic studies still lack clear theoretical and conceptual definitions as well as a complete qualitative analytical framework, posing challenges in supporting China's peaceful rise with a theoretical perspective. This study reviewed the current landscape of Western geoeconomic research, uncovering that: 1) the theoretical development of Western geoeconomics has evolved through two phases: germination and initiation; 2) three predominant schools have emerged: geostrategy, economic geography, and critical geography; 3) geoeconomics and geopolitics are deeply intertwined, rooted in "capitalistic logic" and "territorial logic", respectively; 4) extant empirical research spans various topics, including geoeconomic strategies, the application and impact of geoeconomic tools, and the discourse and conceptualization of geoeconomics. Finally, this article pointed out that geoeconomics is a tangible reality and represents a form of political geography driven by capitalistic logic, focusing on geopolitical spatial economics. It is dialectically integrated with geopolitics, serving both as a diplomatic policy practice and an analytical framework. Based on the coupling of existing research and China's contemporary context, this article suggests that future research in China should address geoeconomic resilience, the implementation and effectiveness of geoeconomic tools at varying scales, geoeconomic practices in smaller countries and third countries, geoeconomics from the perspective of urban regionalism, and the interplay between geoeconomic discourses and practices, to advance geoeconomic theories in China. This research is helpful to accurately and comprehensively understanding geoeconomics, grasping the development trends of Western geoeconomics, and better guiding the development of geoeconomics in China, so as to serve the implementation of "the Belt and rRoad Initiative" and the peaceful rise of China.

The once-in-a-century revolution in the automobile manufacturing industry has triggered a "car-making frenzy" in China, subsequently reshaping the spatial landscape of the country's automobile manufacturing industry. This study used comprehensive micro-enterprise databases and employed location quotient indicators to compare the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the Chinese automobile manufacturing industry between 2013 and 2021. It examined the distinctive location traits of both new energy and traditional automobile manufacturing sectors, while also evaluating the co-agglomeration patterns of three pivotal industries—automobile, electronics, and electrical-in Chinese cities. Additionally, the study employed the negative binomial regression method to investigate the factors that influence the site selection of Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises. The findings of this study are as follows: Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises tend to concentrate in cities with a solid historical industrial foundation, showcasing a blend of continuity and change in the industrial layout. The location choices of Chinese new energy automobile manufacturing enterprises are both path dependence and path breakthrough. While cities with established prowess in traditional automobile manufacturing still hold potential for developing the new energy automobile sector, cities with weaker traditional automobile manufacturing sectors, such as Shenzhen, have made remarkable strides in the realm of new energy vehicles. In 2021, only 11 cities in China, including Shanghai, Hefei, and Suzhou, achieved the co-agglomeration of the three major manufacturing industries (automobile, electronics, and electrical). Notably, cities with well-developed automobile industries, such as Chongqing, did not gain specialized advantages in the electronics and electrical manufacturing sectors. Factors such as the diversification index of the manufacturing industry, the complexity of manufacturing knowledge, the size of the resident population, and the location quotient of the automobile manufacturing industry contribute to attracting automobile manufacturing enterprises. Traditional automobile manufacturing tends to gravitate towards cities with a concentration of foreign industrial enterprises, which diverges from the agglomeration patterns observed in the electronics manufacturing sector. The impact of location quotient in the electronics and electrical manufacturing industry on the site selection of Chinese new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises did not demonstrate statistical significance. This study contributes to enriching the theory of industrial location in China and provides valuable insights for automotive manufacturing companies in their site selection process, as well as informing government policies related to industrial layout planning.

Modern new media technology tools represented by Tiktok provide an important means for "New Farmer" to participate in rural cultural tourism and rural revitalization. However, existing research had paid little attention to the spatial distribution characteristics of this group, and there was a lack of reasonable and objective evaluation of the cultural tourism transformation potential of "New Farmer" anchors. Based on the data of Tiktok "New Farmer" anchors on the Chanmama website, this study comprehensively measured the rural cultural tourism transformation potential of "New Farmer" anchors from three aspects: directivity, recognition, and dissemination and used hotspot analysis to analyze the spatial differentiation of the characteristics of "New Farmer" anchors and their cultural tourism transformation potential. It further explored the cultural tourism driving mode of "New Farmer" anchors, revealing the regional differences in their cultural tourism transformation potential from a spatial perspective to provide a reference for better leveraging the cultural tourism driving capabilities of the "New Farmer" anchors. The results show that: 1) "New Farmer" anchors exhibited obvious characteristics of more in the south and fewer in the north, with more males and fewer females. There were significant differences in the spatial pattern of anchor scale and cultural tourism transformation potential, and the cultural tourism transformation potential of Henan and Shandong, was very limited. 2) The southwestern region, especially Sichuan and Chongqing, had prominent advantages in terms of the number and scale of "New Farmer" anchors, live streaming sales, and potential for cultural tourism transformation. 3) Less than 40% of ordinary media users had the potential for cultural tourism transformation. Although the number of "rural guardians" was limited, they brought significant potential for cultural tourism transformation. 4) There were significant regional differences in the advantageous characteristics of rural cultural tourism transformation potential. "New Farmer" anchors in the southwest had strong cultural tourism promotion concepts, and their short videos showed higher degree of direction towards cultural tourism content. The cultural and tourism videos in the southeastern region showed significant advantages in recognition and dissemination, and the content quality of cultural and tourism videos was even better. 5) The "New Farmer" anchors with different identities were different in terms of creative motivation, narrative mode, and narrative content. Their driving mode of cultural tourism could be divided into grassroots cadres-direct driving, rural guardians-indirect driving, and ordinary personal media users-potential driving. In general, Tiktok "New Farmer" anchors, characterized by individual creation, had played a significant role in breaking through the differences in the eastern, central, and western regions of China, and promoted equal development between the central and western regions and the eastern region. However, the significant differences between the south and the north and the limited potential for cultural tourism transformation still need further attention.

High-quality cultivation of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products is an important starting point for consolidating the security foundation of China's industrial chain and supply chain. Using buffer zone analysis and the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, this study explored the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in the Yangtze River Delta region and influencing factors in 2021. The study found that: 1) Spatially, Shanghai is the main area where specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products are concentrated, followed by provincial capitals and cities on the coast and along rivers; The overall composition of the industry is unbalanced, and the real economic industries such as machinery and equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing account for a relatively high proportion, but there are differences in different regions. 2) In terms of spatial agglomeration, differences between circles and the scale effect are obvious. Within each province, the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in different cities is uneven. Region-wide, the overall spatial distribution pattern of "one pole and multiple cores" is evident. Shanghai is the main agglomeration area for these enterprises, and the provincial capital cities and cities that are the regional economic centers are the secondary agglomeration areas of these enterprises. 3) The four dimensions of influencing factors—physical geography, government, market, and society—have a scale effect on the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products. The degree of land development acts at a small scale, which is a local variable, and shows a large difference in the impact on the spatial distribution of these enterprises across the region. Factors such as elevation, government-business relationship, degree of marketization, number and scale of enterprises, degree of openness, logistics development level, and innovation environment are global variables, and except that the degree of marketization and the number of enterprises have a significant negative impact on the spatial distribution of these enterprises, the impact of all other factors is significantly positive. The research results can provide support for the optimization of the layout of new special expertise enterprise space in the Yangtze River Delta region, in order to provide reference for the formulation of new special expertise policies and industrial planning.

This study reviewed the research progress of Chinese agricultural geography, and examined the change of themes of agricultural studies in China. This article discussed the development characteristics of agricultural geography in different time periods, and summarized the experience and achievements, which has theoretical and practical values for promoting the development of agricultural geography and meet the needs of agricultural production and rural development in China. The study used literature review and comparative analysis to analyze the characteristics of Chinese agricultural geography research in different periods. The results show that: 1) From the perspective of research process, agricultural geography research can be divided into four stages—historical description period, agricultural collectivization period, reform and development period, and modern revolution period. 2) Modern agricultural geography in China, mainly involves four research fields—sustainable utilization of agricultural resources, sustainable development of regional agriculture, adjustment and transformation of agricultural structure, and comprehensive study of agricultural and rural geography. 3) Future agricultural geography research will focus on themes around climate change, urban and rural integration, adaptive resilience, and digital technologies and apply them to the practices of development of decision -making.

Evaluating tourism competitiveness is important for ensuring the sustainable development of rural tourism. In the digital information era, multi-source data and machine learning methods can efficiently reveal the characteristics of relevant elements from a geospatial perspective, providing a new method for scientific evaluation of rural tourism competitiveness. Based on multi-source remote sensing and Internet data at the village level from 2019 to 2022, this study identified the rural tourism competitiveness in Lin'an District of Hangzhou City using four machine learning models, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting tree (XGB), and the optimal model was selected to reveal the spatial pattern of competitiveness and analyze the critical indicators of identification. The results show that: 1) The accuracy of the rural tourism competitiveness evaluation using the random forest (RF) model is better than the other three machine learning models. 2) Tourism resources, service facilities, accessibility, and policy conditions are the main factors affecting the rural tourism competitiveness. 3) Villages in the high tourism competitiveness category are distributed in strips in the northern and western areas of Lin'an District, with superior development conditions. The medium competitiveness villages are distributed in clumps in the eastern and central-western areas of the district, which have lower quality of tourism resources and service facilities. Low-competitiveness villages are distributed in patches in the central and western areas of the district, with superior ecological environment and land endowment, but lacking resource development and policy support. The study results may provide some policy references and technical supports for promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism.

The widespread trend of suburbanization has resulted in the merging of residential and production elements in suburban areas, causing a significant increase in suburban lifestyles globally. The unique socio-economic and cultural settings of major economies like China and the United States exemplify the distinct features of suburban lifestyle development. An in-depth study of the evolutionary characteristics of suburban living spaces and lifestyles in the two countries benefits the dialogue between Chinese and Western suburban theories. A comparative study can offer valuable references for urban planning in China. This study examined the changes in how suburban living spaces are organized and how people live in them in China and the United States. It took a perspective of the daily lives of suburban residents to compare and analyze these developments. Based on the literature review, this study compared the residential, travel, and activity patterns of suburban residents in China and the United States, and examined how they relate to suburban space. It analyzed how residents' lifestyles have changed in suburban development in both countries and their impact on the suburban area. This article summarized the unique characteristics of suburban living in China and the United States, as well as the mechanisms behind them. Research has shown that both Chinese and American suburban lifestyles follow a three-stage development pattern, starting from monocentric urban lifestyles and eventually transitioning to suburban lifestyles. The suburban lifestyle in China started later, but it has experienced remarkable growth and evolution. The suburban lifestyle is now marked by a diversity of people, mixed residential areas, commuting towards the center, using public transportation, and relying on urban center for daily activities. Living in the suburbs has become a well-established and diverse way of life in the United States. It involves a mix of different populations, residential segregation, commuting inside suburban areas, using motorized mode of transportation for travel, and conducting daily activities in suburban areas. Residential diversification and motorized travel are common aspects of suburban lifestyle that China and the United States share. However, there is a difference in the level of residential integration, motorization, and suburbanization in daily activities between the two countries. Differences in suburban lifestyle between the two countries can be attributed to various factors, including the level of urbanization, transportation infrastructure, and disparities in spatial quality. These differences arise from a combination of choices made by individual residents and external limitations.

Scientifically exploring rural regional system resilience is of great significance for reconstructing rural development paths and rural revitalization. By examining the connotation of rural regional system resilience, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system of "factor support-structural resistance-functional adaptability", and explored the resilience characteristics. An integrated statistical analysis-mechanism identification method was used to identify resilience types. Then, the driving mechanism of resilience of the rural regional system was explored with the help of geographic detectors. The results show that: 1) The spatial differentiation of rural regional system resilience, factor support, structural resistance, and functional adaptability was obvious, and there was significant positive aggregation, among which the positive spatial aggregation of factor support force was the most significant. 2) According to the "statistical analysis-mechanism identification" resilience adaptive type identification method, there are 30 advantage-oriented administrative villages, accounting for 9.74% of the total; there are 67 stable and upgraded administrative villages, accounting for 21.86% of the total; there are 88 administrative villages with improvement type, accounting for 30.32% of the total; and there are 118 traditional control administrative villages, accounting for 38.08% of the total. 3) The level of rural regional system resilience in Suiyang District of Shangqiu City is the result of a combination of influencing factors, among which policy support, per capita income, and location advantage are the leading factors. Under the dual effects of external disturbances and internal drives, rural regional system resilience leads to the differentiation of rural development paths through policy regulation mechanism, endogenous dynamic mechanism, location advantage mechanism, and ecological constraint mechanism.

Traditional villages is an important spatial carrier of Chinese traditional culture. It is vital for traditional villages to highlight outstanding traditional culture under new urbanization. Taking the Huangdu Dong Cultural Village as an example, this study analyzed the process and mechanism of the spatial production of landscape symbols by participatory observation and in-depth interviews based on the concept of landscape symbol, the theory of landscape gene, and the framework of spatial production analysis. The results show that: 1) Landscape genes identify the overall cultural features from multiple principles and multiple levels, and are also the process of induction and extraction of landscape symbols of traditional villages. 2) Huangdu Dong Cultural Village has transformed from a traditional farming village to a traditional village integrating culture and tourism through spatial coding, landscape restoration, and shaping of cultural, then constructed landscape symbols that meet the needs of multiple actors in terms of landscape, art, life, and location to realize the emotional connection and interaction of landscape symbols and the symbolization of landscape. 3) The promotional mechanism of tourism industrial development in Huangdu Dong Cultural Village connects the internal and external driving forces including resident cultural consciousness, tourism market demand, and government policy support to landscape symbol spatial production, then realizes the integration of modern multi-life demand functions and Dong folk culture, also promotes the spatial production of landscape symbols. Aiming for the activation and sustainable development of traditional villages, this study explored the process and mechanism of landscape symbol spatial production in order to provide scientific and practical references for the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture.

In the process of rapid urbanization, regional human-environment relationships in rural areas have become increasingly complex, and these areas are facing the challenge of integrating limited resources to realize industrial transformation and development. From the perspective of the factor-structure-function transformation of the rural territorial system, this study elucidated the conceptual connotation and driving force of rural industrial restructuring. On this basis, it classified the typical patterns of rural industrial restructuring according to the development direction of the dominant industries, with a specific focus on Guangxi. The study then proceeded to construct the guarantee mechanism for rural industrial restructuring. The following four main conclusions were reached: 1) Rural industrial restructuring can be comprehended as the process of optimizing spatial layout, extending the industrial chain, and enhancing the industrial system through industrial cultivation, adjustment, upgrading, and transformation. This process is grounded in the integration of the basic factors of industrial development—such as labor, land, and capital—in the context of local development conditions and external market environment. Rural industrial restructuring is characterized by the diversification of subjects and business forms, aiming to achieve both the benign and balanced development of rural industries internally and the value output externally. 2) In the practice of industrial restructuring, external driving forces and endogenous development forces of the rural territorial system interact with each other to jointly promote the coupling and coordination of various factors related to industrial development. 3) Rural industrial restructuring comprises five typical patterns, including the specialization of agricultural production, the industrialization of traditional culture, the tourism-driven development, the agglomeration of manufacturing, and service-oriented commerce and logistics. 4) In terms of policy, emphasis should be placed on guiding the concentration of key factors of production in rural areas by breaking down institutional barriers; building modern rural industrial systems by optimizing the industrial structure and improving the industrial layout; and improving the benefit linkage mechanism by adhering to the principle that the central position of farmers should not be compromised. Through a comprehensive approach, an institutional arrangement can be made for promoting rural industrial restructuring and facilitating the revitalization of rural industries.

The escalating climate and environmental changes in the Arctic have a series of impacts on the local society and economy. Understanding these impacts from the perspective of the tertiary sector can provide references for the sustainable development of the Arctic and globally, as well as for the participation of non-Arctic countries in Arctic affairs. This study systematically reviewed the literature to identify the pathways and effects of Arctic changes on typical industries within the tertiary sector. The results show that various Arctic changes, such as rising temperatures, increasing precipitation, ice melting, and permafrost degradation, have widely influenced the tertiary sector through multiple pathways, presenting both benefits and challenges for most elements of the industries. These impacts offer several insights for relevant studies and for China. Further research is needed to: 1) address the knowledge gaps regarding the pathways of impacts and comprehensively integrate the beneficial and harmful effects of Arctic changes; 2) explore the indirect and cascading impacts of Arctic changes; and 3) integrate multi-source data for research. China can take advantage of the opportunities presented by the changes in the Arctic tertiary sector by: 1) increasing its participation in Arctic rule-making; 2) improving transportation infrastructure and security of the "Polar Silk Road"; and 3) diversifying Arctic tourism products and creating conditions for trade growth.

Tourism destination loyalty is an effective perspective for studying changes in tourist sources of tourism destinations. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the concept of loyalty, this study took Zibo as an example and used interview and text analysis methods to examine the causes and consequences of the "rushing to Zibo for barbecue" event, and deduced and analyzed the loyalty of tourists and local residents to Zibo barbecue over three time periods from the perspective of scales. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) Loyalty analysis from the perspective of scales can comprehensively analyze the reasons and possibilities of multiple subjects' loyalty attitudes and behaviors from the dimensions of local industrial structure, policy and governance, and cultural symbols, among others. 2) This research explored the scale practice affected by social media attention, and explore how the local government in Zibo and the media at all levels, resorting to social media attention, scaled up Zibo barbecue to a cultural label, and how the tourists and local residents downscaled the kindness in human nature to a multi-dimensional consumption experience in the city. 3) In terms of policy recommendations, the study suggests that local governments maintain brand popularity through festivals every year, but it is necessary to make tourists feel the characteristics of festival carnival without hierarchy, norms, and constraints. During the festival, cultural exchange activities between college students, relevant enterprises, and local public institutions can be added to enhance the possibility of tourists entering Zibo. This study combined the concepts of scale transformation and tourism loyalty to build an academic analysis framework, providing recommendations for improving the sustainability of tourist sources under the impact of the "Internet celebrity" phenomenon.

Hydrological element variation analysis and key parameter identification are one of the core contents of the research on hydrological processes and model simulation in the source region of the Yellow River. In order to understand the influence of freeze-thaw action on soil hydrological elements in the source region of the Yellow River, this study compared the data from the MQ seasonally frozen soil observatory and the KQ permafrost observatory. Based on the data of field monitoring, variability of soil hydrological elements was examined and simulated by the freeze-thaw module of the HYDRUS-1D software. The results showed that: 1) The freeze-thaw process of soil leads to changes of soil hydrological elements. The saturated soil moisture (θ_s) of seasonally frozen soil is higher during cold period than warm period, the residual soil moisture (θ_r) is the opposite. For permafrost, θ_s during cold period is higher than warm period, θ_r during cold period is lower than warm period in the deep layer only. 2) The soil water content of both seasonally frozen soil and permafrost shows a U-shaped change during freezing within the year, and the water storage of seasonally frozen soil decreases faster than permafrost during the rapid freezing period. 3) The bottom leakage flux of seasonally frozen soil and permafrost both decreases continuously during the stable frozen period, while the bottom leakage flux of permafrost decreases to 0 because of the baseplate of permafrost active layer, and remains unchanged. 4) The frozen peak point of both seasonally frozen soil and permafrost exists at 20 cm below soil surface. Soil water flows bilaterally to the frozen peak point during the rapid freezing period, and flows bilaterally out from the frozen peak point during the rapid thawing period. This study has important theoretical and practical value for understanding of the hydrological process of frozen soil more profoundly and optimizing the management of water resources in the source region of the Yellow River.

The digital economy is a new driving force for the high-quality development of the tourism industry in the new era. In recent years, with the emergence of blockchain, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and other emerging technologies, scientific and technological achievements have been rapidly transformed and put into production. Digital technology has become an important force to promote the restructuring of production factors, the improvement of production efficiency, and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The deep integration of tourism—as a tertiary sector of the economy—and digital technology has become the key factor in promoting the upgrading of tourism industry structure. The digital economy, with its powerful productivity and high knowledge intensive form, reshapes the production mode of the tourism industry, improves its efficiency, and injects new momentum into the high-quality development of the tourism industry. However, there is a lack of theoretical exploration and empirical testing of the relationship between the digital economy and the high-quality development of the tourism industry. On the basis of analyzing the role of the digital economy in the high-quality development of the tourism industry, this study constructed an indicator system to measure the level of digital economy development and high-quality development of the tourism industry in 280 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2011 to 2019, and used the spatial Durbin model to empirically test the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the tourism industry and its spatial spillover effects. The results show that the digital economy had a direct impact on the high-quality development of the tourism industry, and there was an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship. This result is still significantly valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis indicates that the digital economy had a spatial spillover effect on the high-quality development of tourism in neighboring regions, and a U-shaped nonlinear relationship existed. The results offer a new perspective for analyzing the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the tourism industry, and provide theoretical reference and empirical evidence for leveraging the digital economy to support the high-quality development of the tourism industry.

Geographical sciences is a discipline that study natural and human phenomenon on the Earth's surface and their interrelationships. As an important component of geographical sciences, disaster geography focuses mainly on the spatial distribution characteristics, disaster-prone environments, and occurrence processes of natural hazards and disasters, providing support for the development of scientific disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. With the continuous deepening of disaster geography research and the gradual strengthening of research teams, the National Natural Science Foundation of China established the secondary application code "Environmental Geography and Disaster Geography" (D0104) for the first time under the discipline of geographical sciences (D01) in 2021. Based on this development, this article summarized the connotation and characteristics of disaster geography, and analyzed the application and funding status of disaster geography-related general projects, young scientist projects, and regional science foundation projects over the past two years. It also discussed the 11 research directions included in disaster geography in conjunction with keywords. The results show that: 1) The establishment of the disaster geography sub-discipline code has optimized the application and funding channels for this discipline, and the number of applications has significantly increased. 2) Disaster geography applications exhibit clustering characteristics, and the scientific problem attributes align with the "demand-driven, breaking through bottleneck" principle, but the attributes are relatively singular. Research capacity is concentrated in the North China region, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the main research group. 3) Disaster geography mainly focuses on climate change and related hazards and disasters such as flash floods and debris flows. The types of disasters are relatively singular, and the keyword database needs to be updated and optimized in a timely manner. Research methods and techniques in the discipline are relatively diverse. 4) The coverage of sub-directions of research in disaster geography has been preliminarily clarified, and the majority of applications are in the direction of "disaster risk analysis and management". In summary, disaster geography should enrich the attributes of scientific problems, strengthen the breadth and depth of research content, improve the matching between research directions and project applications based on the construction of research teams with regional characteristics, and promote the development of disaster geography, thereby contributing to the construction of an ecological civilization.

Tourism activities are an important disturbance factor for landscape change in rural tourist sites, and it is important to study the pattern of change of recreational agriculture landscape under tourism disturbance for the high-quality development of rural tourism. Recreational agriculture landscape is one of the core elements of rural tourism in Wuyuan County. From the perspective of tourism driven, this study used landscape transfer matrix and landscape index methods to examine the pattern of change of recreational agriculture landscape in Wuyuan County between 2000 and 2020, and analyzed the driving forces such as natural, socioeconomic, and tourism factors through the grey relational model. The study found that: 1) The recreational agriculture landscape in Wuyuan County is highly compatible with the distribution of tourism sites, and the recreational agriculture landscape area showed the characteristics of first increasing and then decreasing, but in general has decreased. 2) At the landscape scale, landscape fragmentation and separation showed an N-shaped fluctuation, and landscape dominance and disturbance showed an increase followed by a decrease. With regard to the land-use types, the fragmentation and separation of paddy landscapes are relatively stable, while the fragmentation and separation of grassland and marshlands showed an increase and then a decrease and the rest of the recreational agriculture landscapes generally showed an increase. The LPI indices of drylands, wooded lands, and other woodlands showed an increase and then a decrease, while the LPI indices of rivers and canals, lakes, and reservoirs and ponds generally showed an increase, and the rest of the recreational agriculture landscapes generally showed a decrease. 3) Tourism factors such as comprehensive tourism income, tourist reception, ticket income, the number of A-class scenic spots, the number of farming caravans, and the number of travel agencies are the main driving factors for the change of each landscape pattern, while socioeconomic factors have an important driving influence on landscape dominance and disturbance, and natural factors are a weaker driving force. The research results provide some theoretical reference and practical basis for the optimal layout and high-quality development of recreational agriculture and rural tourism in Wuyuan County, which will help promote the sustainable development of recreational agriculture and rural tourism in Wuyuan County and achieve the coordinated development of economic, social, and environmental benefits.

Non-grain cultivated land is the key area of cultivated land supplementary source and use control. Realizing the objective of protecting cultivated land in the new era depends on scientifically determining the potential of non-grain cultivated land consolidation and clarifying the differentiated control strategies. Taking the Chengdu Plain as the study area, this study developed a research framework of "connotation definition-potential identification-differentiated control". Based on a systematic analysis of non-grain cultivated land consolidation potential, the theoretical potential of non-grain cultivated land consolidation was clarified by identifying non-grain cultivated land patches and applying relevant resource and environmental carrying capacity and territorial spatial development suitability evaluation methods. On this basis, an evaluation system for the actual potential of non-grain cultivated land consolidation was constructed, which includes planning and control constraints, farming condition constraints, economic support constraints, and societal willingness constraints. Finally, the two-dimensional graph theory clustering algorithm was used to develop the non-grain cultivated land consolidation zoning, and the control strategies were proposed. The results show that: 1) The agricultural production conditions of non-grain cultivated land on the Chengdu Plain are favorable. The theoretical potential area of non-grain cultivated land consolidation is 2461.14 km², which shows a spatially imbalanced distribution. 2) The coefficients of planning and control constraints, farming condition constraints, economic support constraints, and societal willingness constraints are 0-0.43, 0.25-0.70, 0.18-0.86, and 0.41-0.77, respectively. Correspondingly, the actual potential area of non-grain cultivated land consolidation is 2348.31 km², 1347.89 km², 1676.52 km², and 1292.74 km². There are significant differences in the actual consolidation potential scale driven by multi-factor constraints. 3) Using the "constraint type + timing" method, the non-grain cultivated land consolidation areas on the Chengdu Plain was divided into five zones. The combination of constraint types and consolidation timing arrangement of different zones determines the differentiated non-grain cultivated land consolidation control strategy. The results of this study provides some scientific support for strengthening the governance of cultivated land non-grain use and ensuring the implementation of the "balanced entering and exiting" system of cultivated land on the Chengdu Plain.

In the process of rapid urbanization, the imbalance of human-environment relationship caused by the emigration of rural population has exacerbated the problem of rural hollowing out. It is of great practical significance to measure the hollowing out of the countryside and put forward strategies to rectify the problem by focusing on rural revitalization. Taking Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province as an example, this study used population transfer rate to measure the hollowing level of villages and used the entropy weight TOPSIS method to evaluate the development potential of villages. Combining these two methods, this study identified the type of village development and put forward the differential remediation strategies of hollowing villages. The results show that: 1) Baiquan County's rural hollowing level is 0.6529, and the degree of hollowing is severe. The hollowing at the township level is moderate and high, and the villages are dominated by high and heavy hollowing. Rural population loss is mainly due to the uneven development of urban and rural areas, few rural employment opportunities, low level of rural social security, among other factors. 2) The average development potential of villages in Baiquan County is 0.2279, the overall level is low, and the spatial distribution difference is significant. The development potential of villages around the county seat and along the main transportation routes and major rivers is generally higher than the villages in remote areas. The level of industrial development (0.5026) is significantly higher than that of civilization (0.2703) and ecological environment (0.1472), and low levels of governance (0.0317) and affluence of residents (0.0482) have become shortcomings of village development potential. 3) Villages of Baiquan County can be divided into four types—I: high potential low hollowing, II: high potential high hollowing, III: low potential low hollowing, and IV: low potential high hollowing. Overall the county is dominated by high potential high hollowing, and the development of southern villages is better than the rest of the county. In the future, village development should be guided by the rural revitalization strategies, with a shift of focus towards categories I and II, as well as southern villages and towns. The villages should improve homesteads, ecological land, cultivated land, and other related systems to promote their internal structure adjustment; cultivate cooperatives, family farms, and other new types of management, so as to explore the planning and upgrading of characteristic industries; build a new system of "central town-central village-rural community-village" to enhance urban-rural interaction and promote factor aggregation and resource sharing; and increase environmental regulation, enhance social security, and attract the return of talents, thus realizing village hollowing governance and rural revitalization in the county.