Regional inequality: Theoretical review, research progress, and prospects
Received date: 2023-12-26
Revised date: 2024-04-16
Online published: 2024-09-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171169)
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the phenomenon of global regional inequality has been continuously exacerbated, posing severe challenges to regional sustainable development. Regional inequality is a classic proposition in economic geography, and its concepts and research frameworks are constantly being updated. Solving the problem of regional development inequality is an important prerequisite for promoting high-quality regional development. However, existing research lacks systematic understanding of regional inequality. Based on this situation, this article reviewed the development process and perspective shift of international research on regional inequality, and outlined the prospects for the direction of regional inequality research through comparative analysis of international trends and situations in China. The research findings are as follows: 1) Regional inequality research has gone through four stages: the early emerging stage (before the end of the 19th century), the single perspective stage (from the early 20th century to the mid-20th century), the dual perspective stage (from the mid-20th century to the end of the 20th century), and the dynamic perspective stage (since the 21st century). The research perspective has shifted from convergence and divergence to dynamic openness. 2) With the increasing integration of regions into the global system, regional inequality research has shifted from economic inequality to multidimensional inequality, from static equilibrium to exogenous shocks, and from localization to a "global-local" interactive perspective, with continuously expanding breadth and depth of research. 3) The current trend of paradigm shift in regional inequality research is reflected in the improvement of measurement methods, integration with the modern economic geography schools, and attention to scale effects. 4) Future research on regional inequality urgently needs to integrate and draw on theories and methods from multiple disciplines, explore issues such as the synergistic effects of internal and external factors on regional inequality, dynamic evolutionary trends and cyclical effects, as well as interactions of multiple scales of power and mechanisms of feedback among diverse entities.
XING Zuge , HE Canfei . Regional inequality: Theoretical review, research progress, and prospects[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2024 , 43(9) : 1839 -1852 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.012
图1 近40多年西方区域不平衡的研究文献数量变化注:数据来源于Web of Science,检索主题包括“regional inequality”“spatial inequality”等。地理学和空间科学常用“区域差异”“区域差距”“区域不平衡”“区域非均衡”等词进行区域比较,而经济学常用“区域不平等”反映区域差异,后者价值倾向更为明显,但在实际使用中词语间存在混用现象,因此本文采用“区域不平衡”以突出差异的普遍性,但在检索相关文献时考虑多个中英文语境以便取得相对全面认识。 Fig.1 Changes in the number of Western publications on regional inequality in the past 40+ years |
表1 不同理论视角对区域不平衡的解释Tab.1 Explanation of regional inequality from different theoretical perspectives |
理论视角 | 基本观点 | 代表性理论 | 代表性学者 | 对不平衡的解释 |
---|---|---|---|---|
趋同视角 | 随着区域经济发展,不同区域之间的差距将会逐渐缩小 | 新古典经济学 | Solow[47] | 区域不平衡只是发展过程中的副产品 |
倒U型增长理论 | Kuznets[48] | 不平衡将随着经济发展将先上升后下降 | ||
新区域趋同理论 | Barro, Sala-i-Martin[40] | 区域经济发展将可能使区域以多种形式实现区域趋同 | ||
趋异视角 | 随着区域经济发展,不同区域之间的差距将会逐渐扩大 | 循环累积因果理论 | Mydral[49] | 区域不平衡将随着先发区域的优势不断累积而扩大 |
新马克思主义地理 | Harvey[37] | 区域不平衡是资本主义积累的前提,既是必要的,也是不可避免的 | ||
新经济地理学 | Krugman[39] | 规模收益递增带来的向心力大于离心力将不断累积 | ||
动态视角 | 区域经济发展与不平衡之间的关系不稳定 | 不平衡发展理论 | Smith[43] | 资本在区域内、区域间存在往复运动,导致不平衡的 动态变化 |
库兹涅兹波浪理论 | Milanovic[44] | 存在不平衡的周期性运动 |
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