Spatial differentiation and interaction of rural settlements’ morphology and functions in counties: The case of Shanxian County, Southwest Shandong
Received date: 2023-12-26
Revised date: 2024-05-27
Online published: 2024-09-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52378065)
Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Planning Think Tank Project(TJZDDY23-23)
Finding new theoretical perspectives to effectively identify and analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics and patterns of rural settlements can provide basic support for planning the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements and the path of revitalization and development of rural areas. Taking 442 rural settlement units in Shanxian County, Southwest Shandong as the research object, this study constructed an analytical framework of morphological differentiation-functional differentiation-interactive relationship. By developing a quantitative evaluation method of spatial morphology and functions adapted to the third national land survey data, the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements in the county were systematically identified. Then, the interaction between spatial morphology and functions of rural settlements was analyzed through Spearman's rho and bivariate spatial autocorrelation methods. The results show that: 1) The rural settlements in Shanxian County are characterized by the spatial pattern of "dispersion and homogeneity", which is a typical feature of traditional plain agricultural areas. In terms of distribution, the rural settlements show the layout characteristics of "scattered villages are widely distributed, interspersed with agglomerated villages"; In terms of scale, the rural settlements show two spatial structure modes: the circular zonal type with the towns as the center and the point-axis type along the main traffic lines; In terms of shape, most rural settlements have regular boundaries, and irregular settlements are oriented by roads and micro topography. 2) The level of living function of rural settlement units in Shanxian County shows circular zonal distribution around the city and towns; The level of production function shows a point-axis distribution characteristic along the main traffic lines; The settlement units with better ecological function have higher proximity to surface water bodies; The distribution of settlement units with better comprehensive functions has obvious spatial preference toward centers and roads, and has negative correlation with ecological functions. 3) The three-dimensional morphology and functions are mainly collaborative, and the trade-off relationship is mainly between the three-dimensional morphology and ecological function. The coordination/trade-off between scale and multiple functions is the most prominent. The morphology-function coordination/trade-off has a function-oriented spatial differentiation rule. The spatial reconstruction and governance of rural settlements in traditional plain agricultural areas need to take function improvement as the core goal, and strengthen the collaborative optimization of morphology and functions.
WANG Lin , TIAN Jian , XU Xiaonan , ZENG Jian , XIN Ruhong . Spatial differentiation and interaction of rural settlements’ morphology and functions in counties: The case of Shanxian County, Southwest Shandong[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2024 , 43(9) : 1730 -1743 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.004
表1 景观指数因子载荷矩阵及“三维”形态表征指数Tab.1 Landscape index factor loading matrix and three-dimensional morphology index |
景观指数 | 英文缩写 | 主成分 | 村镇聚落“三维”形态 表征指数及其内涵 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |||
斑块密度(个/km²) | PD | -0.908 | -0.106 | -0.202 | 聚散程度指数(DAI):村镇聚落分布密度、聚散程度 |
斑块结合度指数 | COHESION | 0.873 | 0.293 | 0.017 | |
斑块数量(个) | NP | -0.845 | 0.074 | -0.208 | |
聚集度指数(%) | AI | 0.703 | 0.329 | -0.56 | |
破碎度指数 | SPLIT | -0.512 | -0.312 | -0.021 | |
斑块占景观面积比例(%) | PLAND | 0.096 | 0.886 | 0.071 | 规模强度指数(SII):村镇聚落用地规模大小、开发强度 |
斑块总面积(hm²) | CA | -0.13 | 0.876 | -0.018 | |
最大斑块指数(%) | LPI | 0.455 | 0.791 | 0.126 | |
平均斑块面积(hm²) | MPS | 0.431 | 0.747 | 0.222 | |
平均斑块分维数 | FRAC_MN | 0.104 | 0.079 | 0.961 | 形状规则度指数(SRI):村镇聚落平面形状规则度 |
平均斑块形状指数 | MSI | 0.235 | 0.233 | 0.924 | |
平均最邻近距离(m) | ENN | 0.03 | -0.115 | -0.401 |
表2 基于用地类型的三生功能评分体系Tab.2 Living-production-ecological function assessment system of rural settlement unit based on land use classification |
一级地类 | 二级地类 | 功能类型 | 一级地类 | 二级地类 | 功能类型 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
编码 | 名称 | 编码 | 名称 | 生产功能 | 生活功能 | 生态功能 | 编码 | 名称 | 编码 | 名称 | 生产功能 | 生活功能 | 生态功能 | ||||
0 | 湿地 | 1106 | 内陆滩涂 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 公共管理与 | 08H2 | 科教文卫用地 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||
1 | 耕地 | 01A | 果蔬大棚用地 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 公共服务用地 | 809 | 公用设施用地 | 3 | 5 | 0 | |||||
01B | 一般耕地 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 810 | 公园与绿地 | 1 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||
2 | 园地 | 201 | 果园 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0810A | 广场用地 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||||||
204 | 其他园地 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 特殊用地 | 9 | 特殊用地 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
3 | 林地 | 301 | 乔木林地 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 交通运输 | 1003 | 公路用地 | 3 | 5 | -3 | ||||
302 | 竹林地 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 用地 | 1004 | 城镇村道路用地 | 3 | 5 | -3 | |||||||
307 | 其他林地 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1005 | 交通服务场站用地 | 3 | 5 | -3 | ||||||||
4 | 草地 | 404 | 其他草地 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1006 | 农村道路 | 1 | 1 | -1 | ||||||
5 | 商业服务业 | 05H1 | 商业服务业 | 5 | 5 | -1 | 11 | 水域及水利设施用地 | 1101 | 河流水面 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||
用地 | 设施用地 | 1102 | 湖泊水面 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||
508 | 物流仓储用地 | 5 | 1 | -3 | 1103 | 水库水面 | 1 | 0 | 3 | ||||||||
6 | 工矿用地 | 601 | 工业用地 | 5 | 0 | -5 | 1104 | 坑塘水面 | 1 | 0 | 3 | ||||||
602 | 采矿用地 | 5 | 0 | -5 | 1104A | 养殖坑塘 | 3 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
7 | 住宅用地 | 701 | 城镇住宅用地 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1107 | 沟渠 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||
0702A | 新型农村社区 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 其他土地 | 1109 | 水工建筑用地 | 1 | 0 | -1 | |||||||
702 | 农村宅基地 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 1201 | 空闲地 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||||
8 | 公共管理与 | 08H1 | 机关团体新闻 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1202 | 设施农用地 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
公共服务用地 | 出版用地 | 1206 | 裸土地 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
表3 村镇聚落空间形态与功能指数数理统计Tab.3 Statistics of morphology and function index of rural settlements |
表征指数 | 取值范围 | 均值 | 变异系数 | 莫兰指数 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moran's I | P值 | Z值 | |||||
形态特征 | 聚散程度(DAI) | (0, 1.00] | 0.74 | 0.21 | 0.107 | 0.003 | 3.61 |
规模强度(SII) | (0, 0.71] | 0.20 | 0.49 | 0.050 | 0.038 | 1.86 | |
形状规则度(SRI) | (0, 0.92] | 0.57 | 0.26 | 0.141 | 0.001 | 4.77 | |
功能特征 | 生活功能(LFS) | [0.16, 3.03] | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.387 | 0.001 | 13.58 |
生产功能(PFS) | [1.38, 4.54] | 2.82 | 0.29 | 0.401 | 0.001 | 14.12 | |
生态功能(EFS) | [0.09, 3.95] | 2.46 | 0.17 | 0.412 | 0.001 | 14.61 | |
综合功能(CFS) | [1.34, 3.45] | 2.05 | 0.23 | 0.313 | 0.001 | 11.21 |
表4 村镇聚落空间形态—功能Spearman相关分析Tab.4 Spearman's rho between multiple spatial morphology and functions of rural settlements |
指数 | 生活 功能 | 生产 功能 | 生态 功能 | 综合 功能 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
规模 强度 | 相关系数(ρ) | 0.570*** | 0.380*** | -0.239*** | 0.549*** |
显著性(α) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
聚散 程度 | 相关系数(ρ) | -0.019 | 0.093* | -0.029 | 0.033 |
显著性(α) | 0.696 | 0.048 | 0.541 | 0.484 | |
形状 规则度 | 相关系数(ρ) | -0.051 | 0.160** | -0.101* | -0.022 |
显著性(α) | 0.282 | 0.002 | 0.034 | 0.643 |
注:***、**、*分别表示在0.001、0.01、0.05水平上显著(双尾)。 |
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