Received date: 2023-01-30
Revised date: 2023-05-03
Online published: 2023-09-27
Supported by
National Social Science Foundation of China(23ZDA049)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071210)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)
The Humanities and Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education(21YJCZH033)
The urban life cycle theory was proposed by Hall and Van den Berg and colleagues based on European urban research. According to the changes in the population of the urban core and rings, the urban spatial evolution process is divided into four stages: Urbanization, suburbanization, deurbanization, and reurbanization. The stage alternation and specific stages described by the theory have also been confirmed by subsequent empirical research, and this theory has been widely applied in identifying and studying the stages of urban development. However, this theory has been criticized and questioned as follows: 1) The process of urban development cannot be measured solely from a single population change perspective; 2) There are heterogeneities in urban development under different backgrounds; 3) The division of stages is unreasonable and debatable; and 4) Urban space does not always evolve linearly in a unidirectional order. In this context, many studies have made revisions, supplements, and improvements to this theory, and some new theories have been proposed, but there is still room for breakthroughs and development. Future breakthroughs can be made in the following aspects: 1) Incorporate marginal cities, shrinking cities, gentrification, and new urban phenomena into research of the post crisis and post pandemic period, and consider changes in people's lifestyle and thinking, socioeconomic background, and so on, to expand the applicability of the theory; 2) Refine urban types to identify the diversity of evolution, and conduct comparative research to identify urban life cycle models that are suitable for China; 3) Incorporate population structure and integrate the data of population size, age, and household and socioeconomic characteristics to enhance the depth of urban spatial analysis; and 4) Increase research on the migration of residents and businesses, expand micro-scale perspectives, and integrate multiple urban systems to enhance the comprehensiveness of urban spatial evolution theory.
Key words: urban life cycle; spatial evolution; agglomeration; dispersion; population change
SUN Bindong , FU Yu , GU Honghuan . Urban life cycle theory: Past, present, and future[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2023 , 42(9) : 1841 -1852 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.09.014
表1 Van den Berg模型与Hall模型的比较Tab.1 Comparison between the models of Van den Berg and Hall |
发展阶段* | 阶段* | 人口数量变化 | Hall对应 阶段** | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
核心 | 外围 | 城市 | ||||
总体增长阶段 | 城市化 | 1. 绝对集中 | ++ | - | + | 1 |
2. 相对集中 | ++ | + | +++ | |||
郊区化 | 3. 相对分散 | + | ++ | +++ | 2 | |
4. 绝对分散 | - | ++ | + | 3 | ||
总体下降阶段 | 逆城市化 | 5. 绝对分散 | -- | + | - | 4 |
6. 相对分散 | -- | - | --- | |||
再城市化 | 7. 相对集中 | - | -- | --- | ||
8. 绝对集中 | + | -- | - |
表2 产品生命周期、邻里生命周期和城市生命周期比较Tab.2 Comparison of product life cycle, neighborhood life cycle and urban life cycle |
阶段 | 微观 | 中观 | 宏观 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
产品生命周期 | 邻里生命周期 | 城市生命周期 | |||
阶段1 | 创新:新的生产,本地产品 | 增长:新的单户同质住房 | 城市化:城市空间集聚 | ||
阶段2 | 增长或扩张:需求增加,本地产品扩张 | 稳定:更高的密度、公寓建设、少数族裔 涌入 | 郊区化:增长分散到城市核心区之外的地区 | ||
阶段3 | 成熟:竞争加剧,产品生产标准化 | 下降:空置率增加、出租房屋、高失业率 | 逆城市化:城市分散和衰退,郊区持续 增长 | ||
阶段4 | 停滞或衰退:产品被淘汰,需求下降,生产停滞 | 更新:严重破旧、高贫困和犯罪率、公共 干预 | 再城市化:城市中心再集中,郊区减少 |
感谢北京大学周一星教授在历史文献原稿提供方面给予的无私帮助。
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