Compound flood from storm surge and runoff in the Pearl River Delta
Received date: 2022-12-01
Revised date: 2023-04-25
Online published: 2023-06-26
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3001000)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(B2102022026)
Due to the changing environment such as damming and storm surges, delta regions are extremely prone to compound flooding. Analyzing the occurrence probability of compound floods caused by storm surges and runoff, and clarifying the dominant factors of compound floods are of great significance for improving flood protection standards and preventing compound flood disasters. With the help of the Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Kendall trend test, and Copula function, the runoff and storm surge data of the river network in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) from 1961 to 2017 were selected to explore the correlation of factors and quantify the return period of compound floods. The results show that the compound floods at the North River stations were dominated by the extreme value of runoff, but showed a significant trend towards dominated by the extreme value of storm surges; while the compound floods at the West River stations were dominated by the extreme value of storm surges. Compound floods at the Huangjing and Xipaotai stations showed a significant trend towards dominated by the extreme value of runoff, and the transformation trends of other stations were the same as that of the North River stations. The degree of difference of the correlation coefficients of stations in the flood and dry seasons varied, and the sequence dominated by runoff extreme values showed a larger difference, especially in the flood season, with the maximum difference of 0.35. The combined return period of compound floods was about 50% shorter than that of the univariate ones. In the case of the univariate once-in-a-decade situation, the stations with the highest probability of occurrence of the bivariate flood are: Wanqingshaxi Station dominated by runoff extremes (5.71 years) and Hengmen Station (5.54 years) dominated by storm surge extremes, and significantly correlated stations in the runoff extremes dominant sequence are more sensitive to storm surge changes. The research results can provide protection schemes focusing on different dominant disaster-causing factors (such as storm surge, runoff, and so on) for flood control and disaster risk reduction of the PRD river network.
Key words: compound flood; storm surge; Copula; runoff; Pearl River Delta
GUO Ting , ZHANG Wei , JI Xiaomei , XU Yanwen , LUO Xiaoya . Compound flood from storm surge and runoff in the Pearl River Delta[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2023 , 42(6) : 1162 -1171 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.06.011
表1 测站组合Tab.1 Combinations of stations |
| 径流 | 组合代号 | 测站组合 | 径流 | 组合代号 | 测站组合 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 北江 | R2T1 | 三水—三沙口 | 西江 | R1T4 | 马口—横门 |
| R2T2 | 三水—南沙 | R1T5 | 马口—灯笼山 | ||
| R2T3 | 三水—万顷沙西 | R1T6 | 马口—黄金 | ||
| R2T4 | 三水—横门 | R1T7 | 马口—西炮台 |
表2 各测站组合在不同Copula函数下的AIC与BIC值Tab.2 AIC and BIC value of all combinations in different Copula functions |
| 序列 | 测站 组合 | AIC | BIC | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clayton | Frank | Gumbel | Student's t | Plackett | Clayton | Frank | Gumbel | Student's t | Plackett | |||
| (Q, s) | R2T3 | -2.44 | -6.21 | -5.99 | -5.59 | -7.01* | -2.40 | -6.17 | -5.95 | -5.52 | -7.01* | |
| R2T4 | -2.76 | -8.45 | -8.59 | -8.74 | -10.31* | -2.73 | -8.41 | -8.55 | -8.67 | -10.31* | ||
| R1T5 | -1.16 | -3.34 | -3.48 | -3.77* | -3.69 | -1.13 | -3.30 | -3.45 | -3.70* | -3.69 | ||
| (S, q) | R2T4 | -0.73 | -3.70* | -2.81 | -3.06 | -3.28 | -0.69 | -3.67* | -2.78 | -2.99 | -3.28 | |
| R1T4 | -8.55 | -9.94 | -6.94 | -10.16* | -9.01 | -8.51 | -9.90 | -6.90 | -10.09* | -9.01 | ||
| R1T5 | -7.34 | -8.51 | -9.04 | -10.26* | -7.95 | -7.30 | -8.48 | -9.00 | -10.19* | -7.95 | ||
注:*表示AIC、BIC的最小值,二者均为最小值时对应的Copula函数为最优选择。 |
表3 显著相关测站在不同单变量重现期下联合重现期大小Tab.3 OR return period in stations with significant correlation under different univariate return periods |
| 序列 | 测站组合 | 重现期 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10年 | 20年 | 50年 | 100年 | ||
| 变量独立 | 5.26 | 10.26 | 25.25 | 50.25 | |
| (Q, s) | 三水—万顷沙西 | 5.71 | 10.79 | 25.86 | 50.89 |
| 三水—横门 | 5.89 | 11.03 | 26.16 | 51.22 | |
| 马口—灯笼山 | 5.78 | 11.30 | 27.82 | 55.30 | |
| (S, q) | 三水—横门 | 5.54 | 10.56 | 25.57 | 50.58 |
| 马口—横门 | 6.07 | 11.58 | 27.73 | 54.19 | |
| 马口—灯笼山 | 6.00 | 11.44 | 27.43 | 53.66 | |
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