Construction and reconstruction of global value chain based on the perspective of urban networks: A case study of Huawei mobile phone suppliers
Received date: 2022-02-22
Revised date: 2022-06-22
Online published: 2022-11-28
Supported by
Special Construction Project of the Institute of Strategic Research for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(2021GDASYL-20210401001)
Higher Education Teaching and Reform Project of Guangzhou Xinhua University(2020J068)
Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130712)
GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2020GDASYL-20200201001)
Exploring the construction and reconstruction of the global value chain led by Huawei mobile phones from the perspective of urban networks is of great significance. This study examined the construction and reconstruction of the global value chain dominated by Huawei mobile phones in the process of catching up in technology development. Taking the official effective date of the "Entity List" as the turning point, this study systematically examined the data of Huawei's mobile phone suppliers before and after the "supply disruption". With the application of the headquarters-branches model, social network analysis, and community detection methods, the spatial distribution, network structure, and community structure of research and development (R&D)-oriented, production-oriented, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-oriented urban networks are uncovered. The results show that: 1) The production organization mode of Huawei mobile phones has a typical feature of global R&D + domestic production/OEM. After the supply disruption, R&D suppliers withdraw obviously, and the substitution trend of core components was clear. 2) After the supply disruption, the influence and control power of Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Beijing in the urban networks increased significantly, especially in the R&D-oriented urban network. 3) The influence and control power of cities where U.S. high-value suppliers are located have dropped significantly. The influence and control power of cities where high-value suppliers from Japan and South Korea are located, mainly memory chips and camera chips, have increased significantly. 4) After the supply disruption, the network agglomeration effect of high-, medium-, and low-value production links increased to varying degrees, promoting a more regionalized Huawei value chain. 5) After the supply disruption, the biggest changes from before the disruption occurred in the R&D urban communities. The number and scale of production-oriented urban communities were moderate, and there were obvious hierarchical differences among communities. The number of OEM-oriented urban communities was the smallest, and the connections within the community were sparse. The combination strategy of globalized layout and domestic substitution is a feasible path for Huawei to solve the supply problem. It also provides some references for high-tech firms in developing countries to achieve catch-up.
WANG Changjian , LU Minyi , CHEN Jing , LUO Hao , WANG Fei . Construction and reconstruction of global value chain based on the perspective of urban networks: A case study of Huawei mobile phone suppliers[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022 , 41(9) : 1606 -1621 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.09.005
表1 华为手机供应商分类Tab.1 Classification of Huawei mobile phone suppliers |
价值环节 | 供应商类型 | 相关零部件 |
---|---|---|
高端价值链 | 高端价值供应商 | CPU、GPU、Soc芯片、记忆芯片、射频芯片、陀螺仪芯片、音频功放芯片、多路调制器芯片、快充电源管理芯片、模拟芯片、指纹识别芯片、无线通信芯片、存储芯片、芯片封装测试、摄像头及模组、镜头、屏幕、功率半导体、软件系统、滤波器、玻璃盖板 |
中端价值链 | 中端价值供应商 | 声学零部件、电池、连接器、PCB电路板、精密结构件、天线、无线充电、导热材料、散热组件 |
低端价值链 | 低端价值供应商 | 机壳、结构件、包装辅助材料、代工组装 |
表2 企业功能分类与赋值情况Tab.2 Enterprise function classification and service value assignment |
公司总部及其分支机构功能分类 | 服务价值等级判定 |
---|---|
集团总部 | 5 |
地区总部 | 4 |
高端价值环节供应商分支 | 3 |
中端价值环节供应商分支 | 2 |
低端价值环节供应商分支 | 1 |
表3 断供前后华为手机价值链分级与供应商总部数量Tab.3 Value chain structure and change of parts supplier headquarters |
洲际 | 国家/地区 | 高端价值供应商 | 中端价值供应商 | 低端价值供应商 | 各洲供应商总数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
欧洲 | 英国 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 4/1 |
瑞典 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
荷兰 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
美洲 | 美国 | 13/2 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 15/2 |
亚洲 | 中国 | 62/30 | 27/16 | 10/4 | 113/53 |
香港 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/0 | ||
台湾 | 8/2 | 2/0 | 1/0 | ||
日本 | 8/3 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
韩国 | 5/2 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
新加坡 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 |
注:表中数据分别代表断供前、后的供应商总部数量,如断供前后英国的高端价值供应商总部数量分别为2、0;中国的高、中、低端价值链供应商中均包含比亚迪。 |
表4 断供前后华为手机不同价值链级别的供应商分支数量Tab.4 Value chain structure and change of parts supplier branches |
地区大类 | 国家/地区 | 高端价值供应商 | 中端价值供应商 | 低端价值供应商 |
---|---|---|---|---|
西欧 | 英国 | 16/5 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
爱尔兰 | 5/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
荷兰 | 3/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | |
法国 | 8/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
比利时 | 2/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
北欧 | 挪威 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
瑞典 | 4/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
丹麦 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
芬兰 | 3/2 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
中欧 | 德国 | 16/5 | 2/1 | 1/1 |
捷克 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
波兰 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
瑞士 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
匈牙利 | 0/1 | 0/0 | 1/1 | |
奥地利 | 2/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
南欧 | 意大利 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
希腊 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
葡萄牙 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
东欧 | 乌克兰 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
白俄罗斯 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
美洲 | 美国 | 57/16 | 3/3 | 2/2 |
墨西哥 | 3/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
加拿大 | 1/0 | 1/0 | 0/0 | |
东亚 | 中国 | 477/266 | 190/136 | 78/38 |
台湾 | 40/8 | 6/0 | 0/0 | |
香港 | 3/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
日本 | 73/22 | 4/0 | 0/0 | |
韩国 | 20/8 | 1/0 | 0/0 | |
东南亚 | 越南 | 5/1 | 0/0 | 1/0 |
泰国 | 5/2 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
马来西亚 | 9/4 | 0/1 | 2/1 | |
菲律宾 | 10/1 | 0/0 | 1/0 | |
新加坡 | 11/5 | 0/0 | 0/0 | |
印度尼西亚 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 | |
南亚 | 印度 | 13/3 | 1/1 | 2/1 |
西亚 | 土耳其 | 1/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
阿拉伯联合酋长国 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
注:表中数据分别代表断供前、后的供应商分支数量,如断供前后英国的高端价值供应商分支数量分别为16、5。 |
表5 断供前后城市网络的整体网络特征Tab.5 Overall network characteristics of the urban networks before and after the supply disruption |
指标 | 研发型城市网络 | 生产型城市网络 | 代工型城市网络 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
断供前 | 断供后 | 断供前 | 断供后 | 断供前 | 断供后 | |||
网络密度 | 0.096 | 0.181 | 0.119 | 0.266 | 0.272 | 0.460 | ||
聚类系数 | 0.871 | 0.874 | 0.850 | 0.888 | 0.918 | 0.952 | ||
平均最短路径 | 2.064 | 1.893 | 2.180 | 1.792 | 1.745 | 1.524 | ||
位序—规模分布 | y=4.441-1.0174x R2=0.932 | y=4.4211-1.2883x R2=0.834 | y=3.2278-1.029x R2=0.973 | y=3.1984-1.0438x R2=0.936 | y=2.3077-0.7942x R2=0.900 | y=1.7959-0.5323x R2=0.739 |
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