Influencing factors and spatial characteristics of residents’ pollution perception around large-scale waste treatment facilities
Received date: 2020-10-19
Request revised date: 2021-03-17
Online published: 2021-08-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671166)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871170)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23100302)
Copyright
In recent years, with the rapid development of large cities in China, large-scale waste treatment facilities and residential spaces overlap are affecting residents' quality of life. Taking Beijing's largest waste treatment center—Asuwei as the research object, this study built a multilayer linear model based on data from a questionnaire survey conducted in August to October 2019 to examine the relationship between residents' perception of pollution and distance from the source of pollution, residents' individual attributes, and residents' subjective perceptions. Using this model, we explored the influencing factors of residents' perception of pollution around neighboring facilities. On this basis, combined with demographic characteristics of the areas around waste treatment facility, the spatial characteristics of residents' pollution perception were analyzed. The study found that: 1) In terms of individual attributes, factors such as education background and household income have a positive effect on residents' perception of pollution; "old Beijingers" are most sensitive to pollution from waste disposal centers, while "new Beijingers" are the least sensitive; residents aged 30-40 have the strongest perception of pollution. 2) In terms of subjective perception, residents who are aware of the surrounding pollution sources and believe that they are exposed to great pollution hazards are more sensitive to pollution. 3) Distance to Asuwei directly affects residents' perception of pollution, as well as the degree to which other factors affect residents' perception of pollution. The farther the distance, the greater the impact of education, household income, and knowledge of pollution sources on pollution perception. 4) The residential communities within 9 km from Asuwei gather a large number of low-income and less educated people. Such residents lack the necessary protection awareness and need to be paid attention to. There are more highly educated "new Beijingers" in the Huilongguan-Tiantongyuan area that is 9-12 km away from Asuwei, and in this area residents' perception of pollution varies greatly. Residents in the areas more than 12 km away from Asuwei have weak perception of pollution, and the negative perception of these residents can be eliminated through positive guidance.
DANG Yi , TANG Qing , YU Jianhui , ZHANG Wenzhong , LI Jiaming . Influencing factors and spatial characteristics of residents’ pollution perception around large-scale waste treatment facilities[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021 , 40(6) : 980 -990 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.06.008
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表1 分层建模适宜程度的判断标准Tab.1 Criteria for the suitability of hierarchical modeling |
组内 相关程度 | ICC1 | ICC2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICC1范围 | 适宜 分层程度 | ICC2范围 | 适宜 分层程度 | ||
低度相关 | ICC1≤0.059 | 不适宜 | ICC2≤0.75 | 不适宜 | |
中度相关 | 0.059<ICC1≤0.138 | 较适宜 | |||
高度相关 | ICC1>0.138 | 十分适宜 | ICC2>0.75 | 适宜 |
表2 阿苏卫垃圾处理中心周边街道人口特征Tab.2 Demographic characteristics of sub-districts around Asuwei Waste Treatment Center |
街道/乡镇名称 | 距离/m | 本地人口占比 排名 | 人口数量排名 | 人口密度排名 | 街道学历占比排名 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高中及以下 | 大学本科及以上 | |||||
百善镇 | 1539 | 172 | 248 | 209 | 140 | 171 |
小汤山镇 | 5334 | 223 | 128 | 199 | 137 | 186 |
沙河地区 | 5456 | 284 | 52 | 162 | 219 | 168 |
北七家镇 | 7704 | 321 | 3 | 138 | 153 | 154 |
南邵镇 | 8182 | 175 | 234 | 208 | 125 | 201 |
回龙观地区 | 9051 | 317 | 2 | 8 | 312 | 19 |
东小口地区 | 10077 | 322 | 1 | 50 | 274 | 61 |
城北街道 | 12088 | 216 | 10 | 104 | 276 | 40 |
西三旗街道 | 12650 | 260 | 25 | 63 | 303 | 27 |
东升地区 | 13191 | 305 | 147 | 122 | 27 | 5 |
城南街道 | 13251 | 303 | 118 | 140 | 216 | 161 |
清河街道 | 13412 | 269 | 32 | 77 | 257 | 60 |
西北旺镇 | 14215 | 312 | 27 | 152 | 243 | 244 |
上地街道 | 14360 | 309 | 66 | 100 | 320 | 265 |
马连洼街道 | 14986 | 270 | 59 | 103 | 289 | 39 |
注:表中“排名”指在北京市346个街道中的排名。 |
图2 各小区居民对大型垃圾处理设施污染感知程度均值及标准差分布图中数字对应小区名称如下:1.吕各庄村,2.双兴苑,3.讲礼新村,4.善缘家园,5.阿苏卫小区,6.宏福苑北区,7.松兰堡,8.于辛庄,9.北京城建畅悦居小区,10.温泉花园,11.龙冠冠华苑,12.流星花园一区,13.北亚花园,14.龙锦苑东五区,15.云趣园一区,16.望都家园,17.领秀慧谷A区,18.龙禧园二区,19.金融街金色漫香苑,20.泰禾拾景园,21.名佳花园一区,22.龙华园,23.五福家园,24.新龙城,25.河畔家园,26.天通西苑三区,27.融泽嘉园2期,28.天通北苑,29.领秀新硅谷1号院,30.随园,31.观林园,32.阳光南里,33.永丰嘉园,34.北苑家园,35.四街社区居委会,36.东馨园,37.八家嘉园,38.圆明园东里,39.三嘉信苑,40.亮甲店村,41.千秋花园。 Fig.2 Distribution of the mean and standard deviation of residents' perception of pollution from waste treatment facilities in each community |
表3 指标选取及问卷调研样本描述性统计Tab.3 Indicators and survey sample description statistics |
变量类型 | 变量 | 取值分布(比例) |
---|---|---|
距离(社区层级) | 到阿苏卫垃圾处理中心的距离 | 范围:2~15 km,平均值:8.69 km |
到六里屯垃圾填埋场距离 | 范围:0.4~20 km,平均值:12.49 km | |
方位(社区层级) | 位于阿苏卫垃圾处理中心的方位 | 东南(51.22%);西南(31.71%);东北(7.31%);西北(9.76%) |
个人属性 (个体层级) | 学历 | 初中及以下(15.22%);高中(21.22%);大专(24.11%);大学(32.76);研究生及以上(6.69%) |
家庭年收入 | 0~5万元(15.8%);5万~7万元(12%);7万~9万元(11.19%);10万~20万元(28.03%);20万~30万元(19.72%);30万~50万元(9.34%);大于50万元(3.92%) | |
家庭汽车数量 | 范围:0~4辆;均值:0.67辆 | |
迁居计划 | 有(16.03%);无(83.97%) | |
年龄阶段 | 30岁以下(40.37%);30~40岁(26.65%);40~50岁(14.76%);50岁以上(18.22%) | |
户籍 | 籍贯户籍均北京(29.99%);外地籍贯北京户口(4.27%);外地籍贯外地户口(65.74%) | |
主观认知 (个体层级) | 购房前是否知道周边污染源 | 知道(10.27%);不知道(89.73%) |
是否知道阿苏卫垃圾处理中心 | 知道(38.18%);不知道(61.82%) | |
是否知道六里屯垃圾填埋场 | 知道(13.26%);不知道(86.74%) | |
污染要素对房价的影响程度 | 范围:0~10;平均值:5.7;标准差:3.44 | |
认为大型垃圾处理设施是对房价影响最大的污染要素 | 是(35.87%);否(64.13%) | |
小区垃圾堆废物污染程度 | 范围:0~10;平均值:1.55;中位数:2.66 |
表4 居民污染感知影响因素指标体系及回归结果Tab.4 Indicator system and regression results of pollution perception influencing factors |
变量类型 | 变量 | 回归系数 |
---|---|---|
距离(社区层级) | 到六里屯垃圾填埋场距离 | 0.238** |
到阿苏卫垃圾处理中心的距离 | 0.289*** | |
方位(社区层级) | 阿苏卫垃圾处理中心的方位(对照组:位于西南) | |
位于东南 | 1.975* | |
位于西北 | 1.943** | |
位于东北 | 3.373*** | |
个人属性 (个体层级) | 学历(共5级,从低到高为1~5) | 0.193* |
家庭收入(共7级,从低到高为1~7) | 0.089* | |
家庭汽车数量 | -0.450*** | |
3~5 a内是否有迁居计划(对照组:无迁居计划) | ||
有迁居计划 | -0.713** | |
年龄阶段(对照组:30岁以下) | ||
30~40岁 | 0.542** | |
40~50岁 | 0.375* | |
50岁以上 | 0.435* | |
户籍(对照组:籍贯户口均北京) | ||
籍贯外地有北京户口 | -1.420*** | |
籍贯外地无北京户口 | -0.518*** | |
主观认知 (个体层级) | 购房前是否知道周边污染源(对照组:不知道) | |
知道 | 1.513*** | |
当前是否知道阿苏卫垃圾处理中心(对照组:不知道) | ||
知道 | 1.664*** | |
当前是否知道六里屯垃圾填埋场(对照组:不知道) | ||
知道 | 0.342 | |
认为污染要素对房价的影响程度(共10级,从低到高为1~10) | 0.082*** | |
大型垃圾处理设施是对房价影响最大的污染要素(对照组:不认为) | ||
认为 | 1.667** | |
小区垃圾堆废物污染程度(共10级,从低到高为1~10) | 0.109** |
注:***、**、*分别表示P<0.001、P<0.05、P<0.1,下同。 |
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