Population distribution and industrial evolution of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Received date: 2019-11-04
Request revised date: 2020-02-20
Online published: 2020-11-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271132)
Program of Collaborative Innovation Center for Geopolitical Setting of Southwest China and Borderland Development
Copyright
As a spatial organization form of urban functional area, metropolitan area is the product of urbanization at a certain stage. Taking the Tokyo Metropolitan Area as a case study area and based on the index of densely inhabited district (DID), population net immigration rate, and industrial location quotient and spatial Gini coefficient, this study systematically reviewed the evolution of population distribution, population migration patterns, industrial structure transformation, and spatial reorganization since the 1960s in the region. The conclusions are as follows: First, the population distribution in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area has gradually changed from "isolated concentration" to "spreading diffusion", but the core radiation range is still within the radius of 50 km. According to the index of DID, the metropolitan area of Tokyo is characterized by large-scale and high-density population concentration, and the trend of concentration continues to be strong. Second, population inflow of three metropolitan areas in Japan changed from simultaneous growth to differentiation, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Area has always shown a strong trend of population agglomeration, with characteristics of unipolar concentration. Internally, suburbanization has basically ended, and a return to the centers is obvious. Third, the proportion of tertiary industry continues to rise, the proportion of secondary industry declines significantly, and the primary industry gradually shrinks. Although the proportion of the secondary industry has gradually declined, its status as an important production area of the national economy has not changed. Finally, from the center to the periphery, the tertiary industry, the secondary industry, and the primary industry are distributed in turn. The industrial structure adjustment and spatial reorganization in the metropolitan area happened at the same time and from the center to the periphery the value chain of industries changes from high to low. The advanced producer services and urban industries are concentrated in central areas, while technology-intensive heavy industries are located in peripheral areas.
CHEN Hongyan , LUO Huasong , SONG Jinping . Population distribution and industrial evolution of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020 , 39(9) : 1498 -1511 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.007
表1 1960年以来主要普查年份日本3大都市圈人口规模及占全国比重变化Tab.1 Population size and proportion of three metropolitan areas in Japan since 1960 |
都市圈 | 指标 | 1960年 | 1970年 | 1980年 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东京都市圈 | 规模/万人 | 1786.4 | 2411.3 | 2869.7 | 3179.6 | 3341.8 | 3561.8 | 3613.1 |
占比/% | 18.9 | 23.0 | 24.5 | 25.7 | 26.3 | 27.8 | 28.4 | |
3大都市圈 | 规模/万人 | 3737.9 | 4827.0 | 5592.2 | 6046.4 | 6287.2 | 6545.5 | 6581.1 |
占比/% | 39.6 | 46.1 | 47.8 | 48.9 | 49.5 | 51.1 | 51.8 |
图2 1990年和2015年东京都市圈人口密度空间分布Fig.2 Spatial distribution of population density in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, 1990 and 2015 |
表2 1960—2015年主要普查年份东京都市圈人口规模分布变化Tab.2 Population size change of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, 1960-2015 |
空间范围 | 1960年 | 1970年 | 1980年 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
都市圈总人口/万人 | 1786.4 | 2411.3 | 2869.7 | 3179.6 | 3341.8 | 3561.8 | 3613.1 | |
50 km半径 | 规模/万人 | 1578.8 | 2195.3 | 2634.3 | 2920.0 | 3072.4 | 3271.4 | 3333.5 |
占比/% | 88.4 | 91.0 | 91.8 | 91.8 | 91.9 | 91.8 | 92.3 |
表3 1960—2015年普查年份东京都市圈DID人口规模及比重变化Tab.3 Population size and proportion changes of DID in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, 1960-2015 |
年份 | 东京都 | 埼玉县 | 千叶县 | 神奈川县 | 东京都市圈 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
规模/万人 | 占比/% | 规模/万人 | 占比/% | 规模/万人 | 占比/% | 规模/万人 | 占比/% | 规模/万人 | 占比/% | |||||
1960 | 890.8 | 92.0 | 89.6 | 36.9 | 66.3 | 28.7 | 241.1 | 70.0 | 1287.8 | 72.1 | ||||
1965 | 1009.9 | 92.9 | 132.0 | 43.8 | 105.3 | 39.0 | 317.5 | 71.6 | 1564.7 | 74.5 | ||||
1970 | 1087.6 | 95.3 | 212.6 | 55.0 | 170.6 | 50.7 | 429.0 | 78.4 | 1899.8 | 78.8 | ||||
1975 | 1127.9 | 96.6 | 311.3 | 64.6 | 239.4 | 57.7 | 540.1 | 84.4 | 2218.6 | 82.0 | ||||
1980 | 1129.4 | 97.2 | 378.1 | 69.8 | 295.2 | 62.3 | 610.9 | 88.2 | 2413.7 | 84.1 | ||||
1985 | 1148.3 | 97.1 | 420.5 | 71.7 | 334.4 | 65.0 | 662.3 | 89.1 | 2565.5 | 84.7 | ||||
1990 | 1159.1 | 97.8 | 487.3 | 76.1 | 384.1 | 69.1 | 730.7 | 91.6 | 2761.3 | 86.8 | ||||
1995 | 1152.7 | 97.9 | 525.2 | 77.7 | 408.1 | 70.4 | 769.0 | 93.3 | 2854.9 | 87.6 | ||||
2000 | 1182.1 | 98.0 | 542.6 | 78.2 | 419.7 | 70.8 | 794.9 | 93.6 | 2939.3 | 88.0 | ||||
2005 | 1232.9 | 98.0 | 556.6 | 78.9 | 434.2 | 71.7 | 825.0 | 93.8 | 3048.8 | 88.4 | ||||
2010 | 1291.7 | 98.2 | 573.0 | 79.6 | 452.9 | 72.9 | 852.2 | 94.2 | 3169.8 | 89.0 | ||||
2015 | 1329.5 | 98.4 | 582.8 | 80.2 | 462.2 | 74.3 | 861.6 | 94.4 | 3236.1 | 89.6 |
表4 2006年和2015年东京都市圈及东京都各行业产值区位商分布Tab.4 Industrial location quotient of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and Tokyo, 2006 and 2015 |
行业分类 | 东京都市圈 | 东京都 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2006年 | 2015年 | 2006年 | 2015年 | |
农林水产业 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
矿业 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
制造业 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
电气、煤气、自来水、 废料处理业 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
建筑业 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
批发零售业 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
运输、邮政业 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
住宿、饮食服务业 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
信息通信业 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
金融保险业 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
不动产业 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
学术研究、专业技术服务业 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
公务 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
教育 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
保健卫生、社会事业 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
其他产业 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
图9 1966、1986、2006、2016年东京都分员工规模的制造业企业数量占比Fig.9 Proportion of manufacturing enterprises in Tokyo by the number of employees, 1966, 1986, 2006, and 2016 |
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