Characteristics and spatial patterns of floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration under the background of new urbanization
Received date: 2017-12-11
Request revised date: 2018-02-03
Online published: 2018-03-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41430636, No.41671125
Programme of Bingwei Excellent Young Scientists, No.2015RC202
National Key Research and Development Program, No.2016YFC0503506
Copyright
On 18 November 2017, a major fire broke out in Xihongmen Town, Daxing District, Beijing, where migrants are concentrated, killing 19 people and injuring 8 others. Of the victims, 16 were floating population from Shandong, Henan, and Hebei Provinces. In March 2014, the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council distributed the National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020). The new urbanization plan attaches great importance to the realization of "urbanization of people." Clarifying the characteristics and spatial patterns of floating population is an important prerequisite for promoting the urbanization of people and one of the core issues of the new-type urbanization initiative. Based on the survey data of migrant population health monitoring in 2015, this study explored the floating population's age, education level, employment, income, expenditure, and other characteristics, as well as the spatial distribution pattern of the source and destination areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. The results show that the age structure of the surveyed migrant population was dominated by young and middle-aged workforce, showing a low level of education, predominantly agricultural population registration (hukou), and inter-provincial migration. The main reasons for the migration were employment and business activities. The income of the sampled migrants was mainly in the low and medium range, and the Engel's coefficient was higher than the average Engel's coefficient of the resident population. The sectoral distribution of the floating population was diversified, but mainly in the low-end commercial service industry. The proportion of those engaged in the wholesale and retail trade, resident service, repair and other service industries, manufacturing industry, and catering industry accounted for 70.7% of the total. The enrolment rate of health insurance was high, but the penetration of health education was low. In terms of the spatial distribution of inflow and outflow areas, the surveyed floating population mainly came from the provinces with similar geographical locations or large output of labor, such as Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, and Anhui Provinces, which accounted for 70.75% of the whole surveyed floating population. The Beijing-Tianjin region was the major destination area of migrants, accounting for 37.76% and 29.11% of the total in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration respectively. Therefore, this article proposes to strengthen the social security and vocational training for migrants to improve the ability of migrants to integrate into cities, improve the openness and inclusiveness of cities, and enhance the sense of attainment and happiness of the floating population.
CHEN Mingxing , GUO Shasha , LU Dadao . Characteristics and spatial patterns of floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration under the background of new urbanization[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018 , 37(3) : 363 -372 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.03.007
Tab.1 The number of survey samples of floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration表1 京津冀城市群流动人口原始数据信息表 |
总样本量/人 | 涉及家庭成员总数/人 | 流入本地的家庭成员数/人 | |
---|---|---|---|
北京 | 8000 | 22989 | 20151 |
天津 | 6000 | 18395 | 15534 |
河北8市 | 8400 | 22350 | 17465 |
京津冀城市群 | 22400 | 63734 | 53150 |
Fig.1 The population pyramid of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015图1 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口年龄金字塔图 |
Fig.2 Education level of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015图2 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口受教育程度 |
Fig.3 The beginning year of taking continuous residence in the present location of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015图3 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口本次主要流动时间 |
Fig.4 The reasons for the move to the present location of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015图4 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口本次流动原因 |
Fig.2 The main occupations and industries of employment of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015表2 京津冀城市群流动人口主要职业行业分布表 |
职业类型 | 占总流动人口比重/% | 行业类型 | 占总流动人口比重/% |
---|---|---|---|
商业、服务业人员 | 59.5 | 批发零售 | 21.7 |
生产、运输设备操作人员及有关人员 | 21.1 | 居民服务、修理和其他服务业 | 17.2 |
专业技术人员 | 11.3 | 制造 | 17.1 |
其他 | 2.7 | 住宿餐饮 | 14.7 |
公务员、办事人员和有关人员 | 2.4 | 建筑 | 7.8 |
无固定职业 | 1.2 | 信息传输、软件和信息技术服务 | 4.3 |
农、林、牧、渔、水利业生产人员 | 1.1 | 交通运输、仓储和邮政 | 3.8 |
国家机关、党群组织、企事业单位负责人 | 0.8 |
Tab.3 The internal and external source structure of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015表3 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口来源结构 |
地区 | 城市群外流入比例/% | 城市群内流入比例/% |
---|---|---|
京津冀城市群 | 66.22 | 33.78 |
北京市 | 75.33 | 24.67 |
天津市 | 81.31 | 18.69 |
河北省 | 42.57 | 57.43 |
Fig.5 Distribution of the source provinces of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015图5 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口来源地分布 |
Tab.4 The main source provinces of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015表4 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口主要来源省份 |
来源地 | 比重/% | 来源地 | 比重/% | 来源地 | 比重/% | 来源地 | 比重/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
河北 | 32.94 | 湖北 | 3.10 | 吉林 | 2.41 | 江西 | 1.35 |
山东 | 14.39 | 山西 | 2.61 | 浙江 | 2.04 | 甘肃 | 1.13 |
河南 | 11.08 | 四川 | 2.48 | 福建 | 1.78 | 湖南 | 1.09 |
黑龙江 | 6.41 | 辽宁 | 2.47 | 江苏 | 1.52 | 合计 | 96.61 |
安徽 | 5.93 | 内蒙古 | 2.42 | 陕西 | 1.46 |
Fig.6 Distribution of the destination areas of the floating population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, 2015图6 2015年京津冀城市群流动人口汇聚地分布 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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