In the northeastern part of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau lies Gong-he basin. The paper discusses the temporal-spatial characteristic of temperature and its effect on climate and water according to the meteorological data (1953~2001) from three weather stations and soil water material (1980~2002) in Qiabuqia weather station by time series method, DEM and Penman-Monteith equation. The results show that annual temperature time series are not stationary, but with linear upward trend; and annual average temperature in Chaka and Qiabuqia and Guinan is increasing by 0.0247、0.0422 and 0.0272℃ respectively per year according to the linear model in Gong-he basin; furthermore, the spatial distribution of annual average temperature can be simulated by using multivariable linear model based on digital elevation model (DEM 100×100m²) and by using the data at three permanent weather stations and more than ten temporary weather stations. The two big sand bands(Shazuyu-Tala and Mugetan) is in the higher scope of temperature(1.0~4.0℃ and 1.0~2.9℃) according to the simulated result, and there is a direct correlation between annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration in space; with temperature rising, the saturated difference of water pressure and potential evapotranspiration increases gradually, and soil water decreases in topsoil; so it makes the climate drier, and desertification become more serious gradually in the future in Gong-he basin in Qinghai province. But in short-term, especially in the period of research, the change of climate is very slight, so the cause of desertification needs to be analyzed further in Gong-he basin.