On the basis of Chenery’s theory of industrial linkage structure and the input-output analysis method, and from perspective of relative proportions, this article studies the evolution of industrial linkage structure in the economic development of China, Japan and the US, and reveals the reasons of the change in industry linkage structure from the perspective of specific industry. It develops the theory of Chenery for rate of intermediate inputs in overall macro-economy and proportion of intermediate inputs in tertiary industries. This paper proposes the theory of inverted "V" type of intermediate inputs rates in macro-economy and "wild-type" curve progression in the proportion of three industries in time series. China is in the developing phase in the inverted "V"-type and t1~t3 stage in the “wild-type" development curve. Determining the focus of China’s industrial restructuring should be as follows: ① We should maintain the declining proportion of primary industry and continue to strengthen the technology level of it. It is time to raise the industry added value ratio. ② The growth rate of the proportion of intermediate inputs in secondary industry should be appropriately, making it more suitable for the national economy. Investments should be focused on the next stage of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries and the added value of industrial production should be enhanced. ③ The proportion of intermediate inputs of tertiary industry should be strengthed appropriately to represent a substantial increase in its growth rate. The industrial structure should be adjusted to achieve the unanimous coordination, sophistication and high added value in industrial structure.