Agricultural water use takes up about 70% of the total water consumption in the North China Plain. Thus improvement of the water use efficiency (WUE) in agriculture would play an important role in sustainable water use in the North China Plain. Agronomic water saving measure is one of the most important aspects in water saving agriculture. Reducing soil water evaporation and optimizing irrigation scheduling are effective methods in improving the farmland WUE. Maize is one of the staple crops in the piedmont of Mt. Taihang in the North China Plain and is usually inter planted into winter wheat field about one week before wheat crop is harvested. At harvest, the wheat straw is left to mulch maize crop so as to reduce evapotranspiration, especially during the earlier growth stages. Maize grows during the rainy months of June to September, and the rainfall usually meets its requirement for growth. In dry years or with inter seasonal variability of rainfall distribution, however, irrigation is essential to maintain good maize yield in the region. Due to the fact of a severe shortage of irrigation water in the region, this study aims to examine the effects of numbers of irrigation on maize grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and crop coefficient under straw mulch conditions. The results of field trials in the years of 1999 and 2001 showed that total evapotranspiration and WUE of irrigated maize under straw mulch were 390 mm and 22 kg/m 3, respectively, with grain yield of about 8000 kg/ha. Maize yield increased with the irrigation numbers and reached the highest 8834 kg/ha and 8010 kg/ha in 1999 and 2001, respectively, when the irrigation was applied four times over the growing season. Irrigation more than four times, however, caused grain yield reduction in both seasons. In contrast, WUE was only slightly decreased with the increase in the numbers of irrigation. Mulching reduced total soil evaporation by 50 mm in the 2001 season measured by micro lysimeters. At the early growing stage, crop coefficient of maize with mulching was about 05, which was about 50% lower than that without mulching. The coefficient over the growing season with mulch varied between 03~15 with an average of 10.
ZHANG Xi ying, CHEN Su ying, PEI Dong, LIU Meng yu
. Evapotranspiration, Yield and Crop Coefficient of Irrigated Maize under Straw Mulch Conditions[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2002
, 21(6)
: 583
-592
.
DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.06.008
[1] 张喜英.太行山山前平原冬小麦和夏玉米需水规律研究[A].见:王绍仁,曾江海,吕富宝主编.生态农业实验研究[C].北京:科学技术出版社,1994.114-120.
[2] 李英能.节水农业发展模式的研究[J].节水灌溉,1998,2:7212.
[3] AL D arby A M,M u stafa M A,AL 2Om ran A M et al.Effect of w heat residue and evapo rative dem and s on in term itten t evapo ration[J].S oil&T illag e R esea rch,1989,15:105-116.
[4] M ellou li H J,van W esem ael B,Poesen J et al.Evapo ration lo sses from bare so ils as infleneced by cu ltivation tech2n iques in sem iarid reg ion s[J].A g ricu ltu ra l W a ter M anag em en t,2000,42:355-369.
[5] Geo rge B A,Shende S A,R aghuw an sh iN S.D evelopm en t and testing of an irrigation schedu ling m odel[J].A g ricu ltu ra l W a ter M anag em en t,2000,46:121-136.
[6] Gow ing J W,E jieji C J.R eal-tim e schedu ling of supp lem en tal irrigation fo r po tatoes u sing a decision m odel andsho rtterm w eather fo recasts[J].A g ricu ltu ra l W a ter M anag em en t,2001,47:137-153.
[7] Sep askhah A R,A ndam M.C rop coefficien t of sesam e in a sem i2arid reg ion of I.R.Iran[J].A g ricu ltu ra l W a terM anag em en t,2001,49:51-63.
[8] A bdelhad i A W,H ata T,T anakam aru H et al.E stim ation of crop w ater requ irem en ts in arid reg ion u sing Penm an-M on teith equation w ith derived crop coefficien ts:a case study on A cala co tton in Sudan Gezira irrigated schem e[J].A g ricu ltu ra l W a ter M anag em en t,2000,45:203-214.
[9] A llen R G,Pereira L S,R aes D S.C rop Evapo tran sp iration Gu idelines fo r E stim ating C rop W ater R equ irem en ts[M].FAO Irrigation and D rainage Pap er N o.56,FAO Rom e.,1998.
[10] D aam en C,Simm ond s L E,W allace J S et al.U se m icro lysim eters to m easu re evapo ration from sandy so ils[J].A g ricu ltu ra l and f orest M eteorology,1993,65:159-173.
[11] L eun ing R,Condon A G.,D un in F X et al.R ainfall in tercep tion and evapo ration from so il below a w heat canop y[J].A g ricu ltu ra l and f orest M eteorology,1994,67:221-238.
[12] 张喜英,裴冬,由懋正.太行山山前平原冬小麦优化灌溉制度研究.水利学报,2001,1:92-98.
[13] AL Kaisi A,B run J L,Enz W J.T ran sp iration and evapo tran sp iration from m aize as related to leaf area index[J].A g ricu ltu ra land f orest M eteorology,1994,48:111-116.
[14] L iu C M,Zhang X Y,Zhang Y Q.D eterm ination of daily evapo ration and evapo tran sp iration of w in ter w heat andm aize by largescale w eigh ing lysim eter and m icrolysim eter[J].A g ricu ltu ra l and F orest M eteorology,2002,73:201-212.
