Based on the pilot studies on the evaluation index system and method of sustainable development of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi, this paper has designed the structure frame of the index system including three types of index such as one advance comprehensive index-the comprehensive index of sustainable development, five basic indexes and thirty element indexes, the Analytic Hierarchy Process which can be used to calculate the sustainable development index weight supported by entropy technology, and the model can be used to evaluate the sustainable development comprehensively integrated by mathematical method such as compositive appraisement method of hierarchy multilayer、main component analytical method、regression analytical method and so on. And then, based on the theory and methods, evaluating and analyzing the sustainable development of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi was presented concretely.