The middle reaches of Huanghe River is one of the regions with the worse natural condition, fragile ecological environment and weak rural economical foundation. In this paper, both the advantage including location, resource and restricted condition such as ecological condition, science and technology, culture were analyzed. Meantime, the current state and potential of rural economy development also were appraised and researched. Further more, the orientation and methods of rural economy development of this region in the future were put forward.