Based on the data about geographical locations, dominant business of 880 state-level leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, this study analyzes the macro-and micro-geographical distribution and spatial distribution characteristics about these enterprises by adopting correlation analysis and ecological distribution pattern theory. The results show that: (1) Leading enterprises mainly gather in the eastern part (above 43%); proportion of leading enterprises in western areas has a certain improvement (from 16% up to 24%); there are fluctuations in the proportion of leading enterprises in eastern region; provinces with higher agricultural and economic development level have more enterprises, with correlation coefficients being 0.867 and 0.772; A province with its abundance of agricultural products has a significant correlation with its numbers of leading enterprises (correlation coefficients 0.759). (2) The aggregative extent of leading enterprises in different provinces is not equal. Generally, leading enterprises mainly gather in provincial capitals or central cities. Leading enterprises in Hebei and Zhejiang provinces are more evenly distributed (aggregation index is less than 1). (3) In the county-level areas, there are a number of leading enterprises gathered counties, and counties of specialization; the eastern region has more leading enterprises gathered counties; the central region has a high degree of specialization; the western region sees a centralization of characteristic industries. (4) The general level of aggregation can be divided into four categories based on the 17 kinds of divided leading enterprises or industries. On the whole, the industries dependent on raw materials have a high level of aggregation, whereas the industries of reliance on market trades with a lower degree of aggregation.