In this paper, the distribution, type and geographically epidemic character of arsenism in China were reported. We studied the transmitting way, flux and dose effect of arsenic from environment to human in different type of arsenism in affected areas. The analysis of environmental dose effect of arsenic indicated that difference of environmental dose effect in drinking type arsenism in affected areas was caused by the differentiation of geological surroundings, for example, the lowest dose of arsenic in drinking water that could induce arsenism was 0 05 mg/L in Inner Mongulia, however, in Xinjiang, it was 0 12 mg/L, this indicated that the existing conformation and speciation of arsenic in water were distinguishing in different areas affected by arsenism; in areas affected by coal type arsenism, there was no patients affected by arsenism when the content of arsenic in coal was lower than 35 mg/kg. At last, the countermeasures to protect and control arsenism were presented according to the environmental, social and economic conditions in different areas affected by arsenism.