Carbon is one of the most important life elements on the earth It distributes widely in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere Together with the exchange of the substance and energy, the carbon element is transformed among different earth layers, as constitutes the most important biogeochemical cycle process of the earth Atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial ecosystem and lithosphere are four main carbon pools Among these carbon pools, the terrestrial ecosystem has the biggest uncertainty because of the complexity of underlying surface and the human activities Study on the carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem has become the focus of global change research As one of the important parts of terrestrial ecosystem, grassland ecosystem occupies particular eco geographical place and has special biogeochemical cycling process, which make it important in the study of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and the sustainable development of eco environment In this paper, the importance of the carbon cycle in grassland ecosystem was discussed Then, the research results of carbon cycle in the grassland ecosystem in China were summarized and analyzed, including the plant, the litter fall, the soil carbon pool and the greenhouse gases flux and so on.