As the main regional types in China, urban concentrated areas, old industrial bases, borderland areas, and mountainous areas are important objects when human-economic geography scholars conduct research on the formation rule, driving force, evolving process and spatial distribution of“man-earth relationship regional system”. With the development of globalization, industrialization, urbanization and informatization, relationship between social economic system and natural system is changing distinctly. So getting a better understanding of the areas mentioned above is both the inherent requirement for promoting the development of human-economic geography and the necessary requirement for strengthening the service functions of human-economic geography in the national and regional development. This article focuses on the latest research progress of spatial pattern and its evolution of China's urban concentrated areas, revitalization of old industrial bases, dynamic factors and processes in urban agglomeration and diffusion, settlement space and resource environmental bearing capacity of mountainous areas. And then, we summarize the crucial role of human-economic geography in the national important regional planning and strategy consultation, and significant research achievements and social influence of the typical study on the sustainable development of urban concentrated areas, revitalization of the old industrial bases and resource environmental bearing capacity of mountainous areas. Finally, from the view of subject construction and technical methods, we propose several important propositions of future research, including the social and ecological effects of the development of urban concentrated areas, the regional revitalization policies and the effect assessment, evolution dynamic and development patterns of borderland regional system, the choice and mechanism of sustainable livelihood in mountainous areas.