The resilience of medical services reflects a region's medical response ability in the face of risks. The study of the spatial-temporal differentiation and driving forces of the resilience level of urban medical services can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of healthy China. Taking 287 cities of the prefecture level and above in China as research samples and integrating the concept of resilience, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system of the resilience of urban medical services, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving forces of the resilience of urban medical services in China from 2011 to 2021. The study found that: 1) The resilience level of urban medical services in China continued to increase year by year and overall, the spatial distribution showed a pattern of high in the coastal regions and low inland. There has been a trend towards a weakening of the regional differences, and some cities showed a certain degree of local polarization. 2) The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the resilience of urban medical services in China, which showed strong resistance and adaptability. 3) Based on the differences of dynamic factor combination, four medical service resilience driving models are identified: medical resource-oriented, fund-oriented, environment-dependent, and scientific research-dependent. 4) The resilience of medical services is influenced by many external factors. Population ageing is negatively associated with healthcare service resilience, while municipal sanitation capacity and the penetration rate of the Internet have a positive impact on the resilience of medical services. The paper analyzed the driving force model of the urban medical services resilience in China, which can provide practical reference for the construction and resilience improvement of medical services in different types of regions.

Since 2014, the decentralization of Beijing's non-capital functions, with general manufacturing as the main focus, has become one of the important areas in which the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy has taken the lead in making breakthroughs, and has achieved remarkable results. However, there are still many problems in the collaborative development of industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the economic gap within the region has increased rather than decreased. Using the 2017 inter-regional input-output table of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei and their panel data for 2003-2019, this study applied the inter-regional input-output analysis method and the simultaneous equations model to measure the inter-industry interaction of the manufacturing and producer service industries among the three regions of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. The results of the study show that: 1) The manufacturing and producer service industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have formed a significant two-way interactive relationship, moving from the supply-led stage to the interactive stage. However, in terms of the input-output linkage, the level of inter-industry interaction is low, which may be one of the main reasons for the current low level of industrial synergy in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. 2) In contrast, the role of Beijing's producer service industry in promoting the manufacturing industry in the Tianjin-Hebei region is stronger than that of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, strengthening the intra-regional mobility of Beijing's producer service industry will be an important way to promote the coordinated development of industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 3) Advanced service factors play a weaker role in the industrial upgrading of labor- and capital-intensive manufacturing industries. In the future, Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei should continue to strengthen ties and cooperation in the field of high-tech industries, especially to increase the level of inputs from knowledge- and technology-intensive producer services to the manufacturing industry. The research can provide empirical evidence for promoting the structural upgrading and interactive development of the two major industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and provide ideas for narrowing the regional industrial development gap.

With the accelerated development of globalization and informatization, express logistics connection network has become an important part of the urban network. Based on the urban express logistics data of different months (June, August and November), this study used PageRank algorithm, node symmetry, link symmetry, and Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) analysis to explore the urban express logistics connection network in the Yangtze River Delta from the aspects of hierarchical characteristics of urban connection and urban nodes, spatial balance pattern, and influencing factors of urban connection network, and drew the following conclusions: 1) The spatiotemporal difference of the urban express logistics connection network in the Yangtze River Delta is obvious, and the spatial distribution is hierarchical, showing a core-periphery pattern with Suzhou-Shanghai, Shanghai-Suzhou, Hangzhou-Shanghai, Shanghai-Hangzhou, Jinhua-Hangzhou, and Jinhua-Shanghai and other urban connections as the core; Temporally, the intensity of urban connection in November is stronger than that in June and August. 2) According to the average PageRank values of city nodes in the three periods, the cities in the Yangtze River Delta can be divided into three levels. The first-tier cities centered around Shanghai, including Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hefei, Jinhua, and Ningbo, are distributed in a "bow" shape in space. 3) From the perspective of spatial balance pattern of urban nodes, those nodes in the Yangtze River Delta are mainly inflow type, and the proportions of inflow type cities in the three periods are more than 60%. 4) From the perspective of the spatial balance pattern of urban links, there are some differences in the spatial distribution of urban links under different balance levels. In the first-level balanced urban links, the degree of regional north-south balance is greater than that of east-west balance. In the fifth-level balanced urban links, a radiating center dominated by Jinhua has formed in the region, which radiates to various cities in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui Provinces. 5) According to the results of the QAP analysis, permanent population at the end of the year, added value of the tertiary industry, and per capita disposable income of permanent urban residents have a positive impact on urban express logistics connections. This study can provide a reference for the directed and weighted urban network research and the integrated development of express logistics in the Yangtze River Delta.

The driving mechanism of urban-rural integration development (URID) is a complex and organic operation system that continuously evolves and plays an orderly role. In order to expand the related theoretical system on the driving mechanism of URID and guide the URID in the Yangtze River Delta, this study constructed a system dynamics model of the driving mechanism of URID in the Yangtze River Delta. The dynamic evolution characteristics of different dimensions and the comprehensive level of URID in the Yangtze River Delta over time under four types of scenarios (including the benchmark scenario and scenarios of three different types of driving factors: Endogenous factor, exogenous factor, and basic factor) were simulated and analyzed. Key issues in the driving mechanism of URID were also discussed. The results show that: 1) The overall trend of the levels of different dimensions and the comprehensive level of URID in the Yangtze River Delta are positive under the benchmark scenario. 2) The three types of driving factors have different driving paths to URID, but they can make up for the lack of driving force in different dimensions of URID of others. 3) The driving effect of the exogenous factor and basic factor on URID in the Yangtze River Delta is obviously weaker than that of the endogenous factor.

Scientific knowledge of the evolution process of urban-rural integration system in urban agglomerations and the interaction relationship between system elements is of great significance for its optimization and regulation. On the basis of analyzing the dynamics of urban-rural integration and the operation mechanism of urban-rural integration system, the paper focuses on the main controlling factors of urban-rural population, land and industry, and integrates the use of system dynamics, genetic algorithm and other models to construct a system dynamics model of urban-rural integration system of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration with the coordination of "human-land-industry", and simulate and predict the development trend of urban-rural integration in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration. The study shows that: 1) The urban-rural territorial system in the urban agglomeration area towards integration is the result of the combined effect of multiple sources of power, the overall urban-rural spatial endogenous development dynamics and urban-rural spatial interaction and integration dynamics synergistically affect the free flow of urban-rural elements, coupled with the complex operation process and mechanism. 2) The urban-rural integration system in the urban agglomeration area contains multi-factor nonlinear relationship, multi-source power combination and multi-layer feedback structure, urban-rural integration system is a complex process and mechanism. The evolution of mutual feedback relationship between the elements of "human-land-industry" dynamically affects the operation status of urban-rural integration system and urban-rural spatial utilization pattern in the urban agglomeration area. 3) The results of multi-scenario simulation show that, in 2035, the total urban-rural population of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration may exceed 18 million people, and the urban-rural GDP may increase to about 3.5 trillion to 4.3 trillion yuan. The integrated development scenario based on coordination can balance the efficiency and fairness of urban-rural development, and is the optimal direction for urban-rural integrated development in the future Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration. The results of this study can deepen the research on urban-rural integrated development in urban agglomerations, and provide decision-making references for the diagnosis and optimization of urban-rural integrated development in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration.

From the perspective of coordinated development of new urbanization and agricultural modernization (NU-AM), this study explored the relationship between the level of coordinated development of NU-AM and the urban-rural income gap, which is of great significance for balancing urban and rural development and promoting high-quality regional development. Taking the central Guizhou urban agglomeration as a case study region, this study applied the entropy-TOPSIS method, coupling and coordination degree model, and exploratory spatial analysis method to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the coordinated development level of NU-AM and the urban-rural income gap from 2010 to 2020, revealed the spatial and temporal correlation between the two, and compared and analyzed other factors that affected the urban-rural income gap. The results show that: 1) The level of coordinated development of NU-AM in the central Guizhou urban agglomeration has improved significantly, and the main coordination type changed from low coordination to moderate coordination. During this period, the urban-rural income gap showed a trend of narrowing, and the differentiation among counties tended to converge, but the differences were still obvious. 2) The low-value areas of the coordinated development level of NU-AM in the central Guizhou urban agglomeration were mainly located in Bijie, and the high-value areas were concentrated Guiyang; both the coordinated development of NU-AM and the urban-rural income gap showed significant positive spatial correlation, and there was a clear spatial overlap between the low- and high-value areas of the urban-rural income gap and the coordination level of NU-AM. 3) The level of coordinated development of NU-AM in the central Guizhou urban agglomeration had a significant impact on the urban-rural income gap and showed a strengthening trend; in addition, the levels of human capital, road infrastructure density, and education were also core driving factors that affected the urban-rural income gap. The combined effect of multiple factors has formed the spatial pattern of the urban-rural income gap in the central Guizhou urban agglomeration.

In order to explore the development pathways of achieving carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement and safeguarding food security in the process of utilizing cropland in mountainous areas, this study established a methodological system for the comprehensive assessment of carbon emissions from cropland in mountainous areas and carbon uptake by crops, taking Guizhou Province, where the typical karst landscapes are distributed, as the study area. This study used carbon emission coefficients to measure carbon emissions from cropland in Guizhou Province and its cities and prefectures, and parameter estimation method to measure crop carbon sequestration. It also analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions from cropland use in Guizhou Province in different periods between 2010 and 2021 based on the logarithmic mean Divisa index (LMDI) factor decomposition model. The study revealed the pathways to reduce emissions and increase sinks in the process of cropland utilization and ensure food security with the unique resource endowments of mountainous cropland, and explored the sustainable development of cropland use in mountainous areas in the new period. The results of the study show that: 1) Carbon emissions from cropland in Guizhou Province have been on the rise for the past 12 years, and the amount of fertilizer use was the main regulating factor of carbon emissions, which is the key to carbon emission reduction from cropland in the area. 2) The carbon sequestration capacity of crops in Guizhou Province has a large potential. Although there are differences in the crop planting structure of each city and prefecture, rice and corn are still the main food crops in the province and most of the cities and prefectures, and play an important role in cropland as a carbon sink. 3) The planting structure of crops has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions from cropland, while the level of development of the agricultural economy is positively correlated with carbon emissions from the cropland. It is necessary to reduce the inefficient input of chemical fertilizers, and accelerate and deepen the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry on the basis of the construction of high-standard farmland, which is of great significance for the green and low-carbon development of agriculture in Guizhou Province, and for facilitating the realization of the "dual-carbon" goals nationwide.

Beautiful and harmonious villages (BHVs) are the inevitable direction of rural revitalization and development at a new development stage, and clarifying the spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of the development of BHVs is helpful for exploring a new route for sustainable rural development. This study analyzed the concept of BHVs in multiple dimensions, explored the internal logic of BHVs and rural revitalization, and built an analytical framework of "element-process-goal-mechanism" for BHVs. Using the 1230 township units in Gansu Province as an example, this study built a comprehensive evaluation indicator system based on the connotation of the construction of BHVs, calculated and analyzed the development level of BHVs at the township scale, and used geo-detector with optimal parameters to explore the key factors of the development of BHVs. The results show that: 1) In 2020, the development level of BHVs was relatively low, and the development level gap between towns was large. There were also differences in the development level of different sub-dimensions, among which the industrial development index was the highest, followed by the beautiful environment index, and the rich village development level was the lowest. The development level of BHVs in different regions also showed large spatial differences. 2) There was a relatively obvious spatial agglomeration in the development level of BHVs at the township level, and areas with higher development level had a positive impact on the improvement of the development level of BHVs in neighboring areas. The hotspot areas of BHV development were concentrated in Zhangye, Jiuquan, and some counties in Gannan, while the cold spots were concentrated in Tianshui, Pingliang, Dingxi, Baiyin, and Longnan. 3) The development level of BHVs is the result of the comprehensive effect of multiple factors. The development conditions of rural transportation plays an obvious role in promoting the construction of BHVs, and the construction of rural infrastructure has an important effect on advancing the construction of BHVs. The economic and social conditions rooted in the natural geographical background are the "driving key conditions" for the development of BHVs, and the traffic location conditions constrained by the natural geographical conditions are the "guiding basic conditions" for the development of BHVs.

Local employment of rural laborers can alleviate the problem of hollowing out of villages and promote rural revitalization. Taking 189 villages in Chongqing Municipality as an example, this study used spatial autocorrelation and Kriging interpolation methods to identify regional differences in village local employment rates, and used multiple linear regression and geographical detector to identify the main factors affecting regional differences in village local employment rates, and reveal the mechanism of regional differences in village local employment rates. The results show that: 1) There are obvious regional differences in the distribution of village local employment rates in Chongqing, showing a spatial pattern of high in the west, low in the east, and locally prominent. High-high agglomerations are mainly located in the central Chongqing area and its peripheral areas, which have good natural environments and economic and social development, while low-low agglomerations are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southeast of Chongqing, which have poor natural environments and economic foundations. 2) The spatial pattern of local employment rates is the result of the interaction of livability, workability, and beautiful and harmonious village environment factors. Per capita disposable income, educational level of village committee members, density of road network in townships, collective income of villages, the number of large-scale enterprises in townships, and trust of village residents in the work of the village committees have a significant positive effect, distance between villages and townships and slope are negative factors, and the interaction of any two factors enhances the explanatory power of the spatial differentiation of local employment rates. 3) In the future, the focus of villages in Chongqing to absorb more laborers to work locally is to promote the construction of rural roads and other infrastructure, accelerate the industrial development of villages and towns, and strengthen the development of village cadre teams. This research helps to deepen the understanding and awareness of the trend of transferring the rural labor force locally in China under the new situation, and provides a reference for the scientific formulation of rural development strategies.

Under the backdrop of the National Fitness and Healthy China strategy, fitness facilities, as the spatial carrier of the sports-built environment, play a significant role in enhancing the health levels and well-being of urban residents. This study used the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and multilevel linear models to explore the age-stratified characteristics of residents' fitness habits and the spatial features of accessibility to commercial and public sports facilities. The study further revealed the differential impact of accessibility on satisfaction levels across different age groups, proposing policy recommendations for healthy urban planning. The findings indicate that: 1) The elderly group has the lowest proportion of non-exercisers, exhibiting a higher demand for low intensity and moderate-low intensity physical activities, while the youth group shows a polarization with higher proportions of non-exercisers and individuals engaging in moderate-high intensity activities. 2) There is a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the accessibility of the two types of facilities, with communities around those with higher public facility accessibility having fewer nearby options, and closer proximity to commercial fitness facilities, with accessibility increasing as the number of facilities grows. 3) The accessibility of fitness facilities has a significant positive effect on satisfaction, with public facility accessibility having a more substantial impact, and the reduction of satisfaction caused by educational level, health status, marital status, household registration is more significant in the elderly group. 4) The accessibility of both types of fitness facilities is more critical for the youth and elderly groups, with public facility accessibility having a lesser impact on the middle-aged group, and the effect of commercial fitness facility accessibility being insignificant.

Under the background of the construction of "Healthy China", cultivating healthy activity behaviors and creating a healthy activity environment are important aspects to improve the health level of urban residents, and are also the hotspots of current multidisciplinary research. This study constructed a theoretical analysis framework and indicator system based on the actual relationship between health level, daily activities, and activity environment. Taking Nanjing City as an example, this study identified the characteristics of daily activities and activity environment with health effects based on multi-source data, and put forward optimization strategies. The results show that: 1) Daily activities with health effects are mainly work and leisure-related, and the key dimensions are activity frequency, travel mode, and travel duration. The positive health effects of daily activities are reflected in activity opportunities, non-motorized traffic, and travel with public transportation, while the negative health effects are reflected in the long duration of activity travel. 2) The activity environment with health effects involves two major activity spaces: residential space and activity space, and the main dimensions are spatial location, travel environment, and social environment. Both positive promotion and negative inhibition are significant, and the impact of the same activity environment indicator is complex. The activity environment factors with positive health effects are mainly related to the comprehensive convenience of location, road connectivity, subway travel convenience, and facility environment density for residential space, and the convenience of neighborhood level, the richness of green space, and economic value for activity space. The negative health effects are mainly related to the convenience of subway travel for residential space, and convenience of neighborhood level, comprehensive convenience of location, walking convenience, and economic value for activity space. 3) Based on the results, this study proposed corresponding optimization strategies in terms of increasing the space-time opportunities for daily activity health benefits, and enriching and connecting the activity environment network to promote health.

In recent years, the rapid expansion of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has attracted widespread attention, and a number of studies have systematically analyzed the dynamics of changes in large lakes with areas greater than 1 km². However, the distribution and changes of smaller lakes and ponds formed due to permafrost degradation at the watershed scale have not yet been clarified. In this study, using optical and radar images, we systematically investigated the distribution and changes of lakes and ponds (< 1 km²) in the Three Rivers Source Region and their relationship with permafrost degradation, and for the first time examined the distribution of taliks at the bottom of the lakes and ponds. The results show that: 1) The total area of lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region in the 2020s (2020-2022) amounted to 917.03 km², and the total number of lakes and ponds was 61608. The Yangtze River source area had the highest number of lakes and ponds, reaching 48987, followed by the Yellow River source area with 12459, and the Lancang River source area had the smallest number of lakes and ponds. 2) Compared with the 1960s, the number of lakes and ponds smaller than 1 km² in the Three Rivers Source Region increased by 76% in the 2020s, and the total area increased by 13%. Although the expansion of lakes and ponds in the Yangtze River source area was obvious, some lakes and ponds in the Yellow River source area and the Lancang River source area experienced shrinkage. Of the lakes and ponds observed in the 1960s, 53% still existed in the 2020s. 3) Of the lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region, 80.9% have taliks at their bottoms in winter, including 78.2% in the Yangtze River source area, 90.8% in the Yellow River source area, and 98.7% in the Lancang River source area. In the permafrost zone, half of the lakes and ponds with taliks at their bottoms existed in the 1960s, and fewer new lakes and ponds have taliks at their bottoms in winter. Currently, the extent of floating-ice lakes and ponds is much larger than the extent of grounded-ice lakes and ponds, which may further accelerate the thawing of the underlying permafrost. The findings of this study can provide a basis for analyzing the state of permafrost degradation and contribute to understanding the links between permafrost degradation and the development of thermokarst lakes and ponds, as well as serve as basic data for the study of carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes and ponds in the plateau region.

With the three waves of craft renaissance in the West, as well as the problems of global climate change and resource shortages in the Anthropocene, how to make better use of materials and explore different making cultures has attracted the attention of Western academia. As one of the emerging fields in Western geographic research that has received much attention in recent years, geographies of making attempts to provide methods for addressing current material and environmental crises by focusing on the practice of body and material interactions at different scales, and hopes to reexamine how humans relate to materials, produce goods, and construct economic and social structures around materials based on a concern for environmental and socioeconomic well-being. Through a review of the literature on Western geographies of making, this study found that relevant research mainly adopts auto-ethnographic, apprenticeship, and other embodied participatory research methods, with a focus on multiple contexts of making, body in making, materials in making, practices in making, and relationships of making. It also explored research topics that need attention in China, including the protection of craftsmen and sustainable utilization of materials, the fluidity of making practices and place reconstruction, craft making and sustainable livelihoods for rural craftsmen, and the everyday practice of making and happiness and friendship. This work will lay a foundation for implementing policies such as the "Revitalization Plan for Chinese Traditional Crafts" and rural revitalization, providing important theoretical guidance for innovative development and creative transformation of intangible cultural heritage, as well as the harmonious development of human-environment relationship in the process of making.