乡村精明增长——起源与实践

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Smart growth theory advocates rational planning and adjustment of the structure and scale of economic development according to current conditions on the basis of prioritizing the ecological environment, so as to maximize the overall economic, social, and environmental benefits of urban and rural areas. At present, the smart growth concept is mainly applied in urban development practices. With the emergence of rural development problems and the rediscovery of the importance of rural areas, many regions have begun to apply smart growth to rural transformation and sustainable development. On the basis of reviewing the Chinese and international research on the theory and practice of smart growth, this article summarizes the connotation and principles of smart growth, and systematically analyzes the progress in research and practice with regard to the conceptual framework and implementation pathways of smart growth in rural areas. Combined with the practical needs of implementing the rural revitalization strategy in China, this article identifies several scientific issues that need to be paid attention to in future research on smart growth in rural areas. It is hoped that this study can provide some references for the related research of geography and for the scientific implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization.

Key words: smart growth, rural reconstruction, rural transition, origin and practice

Wei SUN, Chonggang LIU, Dongsheng YAN. Rural smart growth: Origin and practice[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 320-331.

Figures/Tables 4

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精明增长类型		城市精明增长	乡村精明增长
共性	面临问题	用地无序扩张、土地不合理利用与利用效率较低等
	发展目标	缓解城市发展问题和推动乡村振兴,追求有序、集约、紧凑的发展目标
	发展目标	以人为本,实现经济、社会和环境的协调
差异	产生背景	城镇空间的低效率、蔓延式扩张,中心城区衰败	逆城镇化及对乡村发展空间的挤压
		城市保持扩张	乡村的扩张与萎缩并存
		城镇建设用地的蔓延	农村土地结构的不合理扩张与调整
		城市土地利用类型主要以建设用地为主	乡村景观多元,土地利用类型多样化,生态保育功能被破坏
	增长目标	空间无序扩张、环境污染、交通拥挤等“城市病”	农村空心化、土地快速非农化以及土地利用结构混乱无序等
	增长模式	自上而下	自下而上与自上而下相结合

目标框架	策略
支持乡村景观	提升当地资源经济的活力
	培育依靠传统农村土地利用的经济发展战略
	促进城乡产品流通,加强城乡联系
	把农村土地保护战略与社区建设结合
	本土化与多元化的乡村文化景观保护
恢复现有乡村地区的繁荣	在现有的地方投资公共和私人资金
	鼓励私营部门投资
	加强现有乡村的改造利用
	促进当地经济的发展
创造有魅力的社区	制定新的战略和措施,通过紧凑和连续的发展模式适应新的经济增长
	通过改革措施提高开发商建设紧凑、适合步行的混合场所的意愿
	奖励利用精明增长和绿色建筑方法建造美丽乡村的开发商

政府层级	相关实践
联邦政府	从税收中提供5项拨款,超过70亿美元给各州和地方团体,用于美化绿化城市、缓解交通拥堵、减少空气污染、开展空气质量项目、鼓励家长参与地方学习设计和鼓励多种人行道、自行车道和轻轨的建设;制定了“棕地再开发战略”;修正《高速公路法案》;制定精明增长立法手册
州政府	1997年,马里兰州通过了5项立法提案;《精明增长地区法》《农村遗产法》《掠地复兴计划》《创造就业机会税收鼓励计划》与《就近工作居住计划》
地方政府	波特兰市进行了“精明增长试验”,摆脱传统的城市和社区发展模式,将城市用地需求集中在已有中心和公交走廊周围,增加既有居住密度,增强对绿色空间的保护,提高轻轨和公交系统的服务水平和能力;奥斯汀市政府提出了“奥斯汀市精明增长提案”;盐湖城开展了“展望犹他”的精明增长规划研究

Rural smart growth: Origin and practice

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[1]	XIN Yu, LIN Geng, LIN Yuancheng. Rural reconstruction under the impact of digital technology [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(7): 1300-1311.
[2]	CAO Wei, ZHOU Shenglu, WU Shaohua. Regulation of urban-rural harmony system based on land smart use [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(5): 667-677.