世界乡村转型历程与可持续发展展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on a literature review and analysis of the statistics of the World Bank, this study investigated the rural transformation process of the world from the aspects of rural population, employment, grain production, and public services. It revealed that the world has transformed from rural society to urban society and from agriculture-based economy to nonagricultural economy. In this process, the development efficiency and public service quality were improved. The article points out that accompanying the globalization, industrialization, and urbanization processes, rapid rural depopulation exacerbated rural instability and vulnerability and led to rural decline that endangers rural sustainability. It highlights the importance of rural vitalization and calls for ruralization to form the urban-rural regional pattern with urbanization. Scientific planning, relocation, and local stakeholders' bottom-up initiatives must be encouraged. It is also necessary to scientifically govern the world's rural transformation process, identify and develop the rural vitalization growth point, and improve rural resilience.

Key words: rural transformation, rural vitalization, rural resilience, rural restructuring, sustainable development

Yuheng LI, Jiayu YAN, Wenhao WU, Yansui LIU. The process of rural transformation in the world and prospects of sustainable development[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(5): 627-635.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

References 53

[1]	陈为. 1999. 日本过疏农山村的振兴及其对中国农村现代化的启示: 以日本国福岛县三岛町为例[J]. 广西师院学报: 哲学社会科学版, (1): 12-19.
	[Chen W.1999. Ri ben guo shu nong shan cun de zhen xing ji qi dui zhong guo nong cun xian dai hua de qi shi: yi ri ben fu dao xian san dao ting wei li[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers College, (1): 12-19. ]
[2]	陈晓华, 张小林, 梁丹. 2005. 国外城市化进程中乡村发展与建设实践及其启示[J]. 世界地理研究, 14(3): 13-18, 49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2005.03.003
	[Chen X H, Zhang X L, Liang D.2005. The development of eco-industrial parks in western countries and its enlightenments to China[J]. World Regional Studies, 14(3): 13-18, 49. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2005.03.003
[3]	房艳刚, 刘继生. 2015. 基于多功能理论的中国乡村发展多元化探讨: 超越“现代化”发展范式[J]. 地理学报, 70(2): 257-270.
	[Fang Y G, Liu J S.2015. Diversified agriculture and rural development in China based on multifunction theory: Beyond modernization paradigm[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 70(2): 257-270. ]
[4]	郭焕成. 1988. 乡村地理学的性质与任务[J]. 经济地理, 8(2): 125-129.
	[Guo H C.1988. The nature and tasks of rural geography[J]. Economic Geography, 8(2): 125-129. ]
[5]	焦必方. 2004. 伴生于经济高速增长的日本过疏化地区现状及特点分析[J]. 中国农村经济, (8): 73-79.
	[Jiao B F.2004. Analysis on the status quo and characteristics of Japan's over-polished areas associated with rapid economic growth[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, (8): 73-79. ]
[6]	李玉恒, 刘彦随. 2013. 中国城乡发展转型中资源与环境问题解析[J]. 经济地理, 33(1): 61-65.
	[Li Y H, Liu Y S.2013. Investigation of the resource & environment issues in the urban-rural transition in China[J]. Economic Geography, 33(1): 61-65. ]
[7]	林若琪, 蔡运龙. 2012. 转型期乡村多功能性及景观重塑[J]. 人文地理, 27(2): 45-49.
	[Lin R Q, Cai Y L.2012. Study on rural multifunction and landscape reformulation in the transitional period[J]. Human Geography, 27(2): 45-49. ]
[8]	刘彦随. 2018. 中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J]. 地理学报, 73(4): 637-650.
	[Liu Y S.2018. Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 73(4): 637-650. ]
[9]	刘彦随, 陈聪, 李玉恒. 2014. 中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究[J]. 地域研究与开发, 33(6): 1-6.
	[Liu Y S, Chen C, Li Y H.2014. The town-villages construction pattern under new-type urbanization in China[J]. Areal Research and Development, 33(6): 1-6. ]
[10]	刘彦随, 龙花楼, 王介勇, 等. 2014. 中国农业现代化与农民[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
	[Liu Y S, Long H L, Wang J Y, et al.2014. Zhongguo nongye xiandaihua yu nongmin[M]. Beijing, China: Science Press. ]
[11]	刘彦随, 刘玉. 2010. 中国农村空心化问题研究的进展与展望[J]. 地理研究, 29(1): 35-42. doi: 10.11821/yj2010010004
	[Liu Y S, Liu Y.2010. Progress and prospect on the study of rural hollowing in China[J]. Geographical Research, 29(1): 35-42. ] doi: 10.11821/yj2010010004
[12]	刘彦随, 刘玉, 翟荣新. 2009. 中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践[J]. 地理学报, 64(10): 1193-1202.
	[Liu Y S, Liu Y, Zhai R X.2009. Geographical research and optimizing practice of rural hollowing in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 64(10): 1193-1202. ]
[13]	龙花楼, 胡智超, 邹健. 2010. 英国乡村发展政策演变及启示[J]. 地理研究, 29(8): 1369-1378.
	[Long H L, Hu Z C, Zou J.2010. The evolution of rural policy in Britain and its policy implications for rural development in China[J]. Geographical Research, 29(8): 1369-1378. ]
[14]	龙花楼, 屠爽爽. 2017. 论乡村重构[J]. 地理学报, 72(4): 563-576.
	[Long H L, Tu S S.2017. Rural restructuring: Theory, approach and research prospect[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72(4): 563-576. ]
[15]	龙花楼, 张杏娜. 2012. 新世纪以来乡村地理学国际研究进展及启示[J]. 经济地理, 32(8): 1-7, 135.
	[Long H L, Zhang X N.2012. Progress in international rural geography research since the turn of the new millennium and some implications[J]. Economic Geography, 32(8): 1-7, 135. ]
[16]	孟思聪, 马晓冬. 2016. 我国乡村社会转型研究评述[J]. 地域研究与开发, 35(6): 109-114, 160.
	[Meng S C, Ma X D.2016. Review of China’s rural social transformation[J]. Areal Research and Development, 35(6): 109-114, 160. ]
[17]	乔家君. 2008. 中国乡村地域经济论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
	[Qiao J J.2008. Rural territorial economy of China[M]. Beijing, China: Science Press. ]
[18]	张京祥, 张小林, 张伟. 2002. 试论乡村聚落体系的规划组织[J]. 人文地理, 2002, 17(1): 85-88, 96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2002.01.020
	[Zhang J X, Zhang X L, Zhang W.2002. On planning organization of rural settlement system[J]. Human Geography, 17(1): 85-88, 96. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2002.01.020
[19]	张小林. 1998. 乡村概念辨析[J]. 地理学报, 53(4): 365-371.
	[Zhang X L.1998. On discrimination of rural definitions[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(4): 365-371. ]
[20]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2017. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社.
	[National bureau of statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2017. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing, China: China Statistics Press. E:\javascript:;]
[21]	Bell M M.1992. The fruit of difference: The rural-urban continuum as a system of identity[J]. Rural Sociology, 57(1): 65-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.1992.tb00457.x
[22]	Borgegård L E, Håkansson J, Malmberg G.1995. Population redistribution in Sweden: Long term trends and contemporary tendencies[J]. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, : Human Geography, 77(1): 31-45. doi: 10.2307/490373 pmid: 12347753
[23]	Carr P J, Kefalas M J.2009. Hollowing out the middle: The rural brain drain and what it means for America[M]. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
[24]	Champion A G.1988. The reversal of the migration turnaround: Resumption of traditional trends[J]. International Regional Science Review, 11(3): 253-260. doi: 10.1177/016001768801100303 pmid: 12281674
[25]	Cloke P, Milbourne P.1992. Deprivation and lifestyles in rural wales: Rurality and the cultural dimension[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 8(4): 359-371. doi: 10.1016/0743-0167(92)90050-G
[26]	Davoudi S, Stead D.2002. Urban-rural relationships: An introduction and brief history[J]. Built Environment, 28(4): 269-277. doi: 10.2307/23287748
[27]	Freeman C, Cheyne C.2008. Coasts for sale: Gentrification in New Zealand[J]. Planning Theory & Practice, 9(1): 33-56. doi: 10.1080/14649350701843846
[28]	Gibson C, Dufty R, Drozdzewski D.2005. Resident attitudes to farmland protection measures in the northern rivers region, New South Wales[J]. Australian Geographer, 36(3): 369-383. doi: 10.1080/00049180500325744
[29]	Guenther S.1986. Land consolidation in Bavaria: Support given to rural areas[J]. Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning, (9): 53-59.
[30]	Halfacree K H.1993. Locality and social representation: Space, discourse and alternative definitions of the rural[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 9(1): 23-37. doi: 10.1016/0743-0167(93)90003-3
[31]	Halfacree K.2004. Rethinking ‘rurality’[M]//Champion T, Hugo G. New forms of urbanization: Beyond the urban-rural dichotomy. Aldershot, England: Ashgate: 285-304.
[32]	Higgins V.2006. Re-figuring the problem of farmer agency in agri-food studies: A translation approach[J]. Agriculture and Human Values, 23(1): 51-62. doi: 10.1007/s10460-005-5867-1
[33]	Hoggart K, Paniagua A.2001. What rural restructuring[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 17(1): 41-62. doi: 10.1016/S0743-0167(00)00036-X
[34]	Li Y H.2012. Urban-rural interaction patterns and dynamic land use: Implications for urban-rural integration in China[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 12(4): 803-812. doi: 10.1007/s10113-012-0295-4
[35]	Li Y H, Jia L R, Wu W H, et al.2018. Urbanization for rural sustainability: Rethinking China's urbanization strategy[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178: 580-586. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.273
[36]	Li Y H, Westlund H, Zheng X Y, et al.2016. Bottom-up initiatives and revival in the face of rural decline: Case studies from China and Sweden[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 47(Pt B): 506-513. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.07.004
[37]	Li Y H, Wu W H, Liu Y S.2018. Land consolidation for rural sustainability in China: Practical reflections and policy implications[J]. Land Use Policy, 74: 137-141. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.07.003
[38]	Liu Y S, Li Y H.2017. Revitalize the world's countryside[J]. Nature, 548: 275-277. doi: 10.1038/548275a pmid: 28816262
[39]	Long H L, Woods M.2011. Rural restructuring under globalization in eastern coastal China: What can be learned from Wales[J]. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 6(1): 70-94.
[40]	Markey S, Halseth G, Manson D.2008. Challenging the inevitability of rural decline: Advancing the policy of place in northern British Columbia[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 24(4): 409-421. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.03.012
[41]	McGee T G. 1991. The emergence of Desakota regions in Asia: Expanding a hypothesis[M]//Ginsburg N, Koppel B, McGee T G. The extended metropolis: Settlement transition in Asia. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press: 3-25.
[42]	McLaughlin K.2016. Rural China is no country for old people[J]. Science, 352: 283. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.283
[43]	Nelson P B, Oberg A, Nelson L.2010. Rural gentrification and linked migration in the United States[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 26(4): 343-352. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.06.003
[44]	Nobuya H.2008. The One-Village-One-Product (OVOP) movement: What it is, how it has been replicated, and recommendations, for a UNIDO OVOP-type project[R]. Research and Statistics Branch, working paper 03/2008, Vienna, Austria:United Nation Industrial Development Organization.
[45]	Phillips M, Page S, Saratsi E, et al.2008. Diversity, scale and green landscapes in the gentrification process: Traversing ecological and social science perspectives[J]. Applied Geography, 28(1): 54-76. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2007.07.003
[46]	Solana-Solana M.2010. Rural gentrification in Catalonia, Spain: A case study of migration, social change and conflicts in the Empordanet area[J]. Geoforum, 41(3): 508-517. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.01.005
[47]	Tacoli C.1998. Rural-urban interactions: A guide to the literature[J]. Environment and Urbanization, 10(1): 147-166. doi: 10.1177/095624789801000105
[48]	Westlund H.2002. An unplanned green wave: Settlement patterns in Sweden during the 1990s[J]. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 34(8): 1395-1410. doi: 10.1068/a3358
[49]	Westlund H.2014. Urban futures in planning, policy and regional science: Are we entering a post-urban world[J]. Built Environment, 40(4): 447-457. doi: 10.2148/benv.40.4.447
[50]	Wood R E.2008. Survival of rural America: Small victories and bitter harvests[M]. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
[51]	Woods M.2005. Rural geography: Processes, responses and experiences in rural restructuring[M]. London, UK: SAGE.
[52]	Woods M.2007. Engaging the global countryside: Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 31(4): 485-507. doi: 10.1177/0309132507079503
[53]	Woods M.2011. Rural[M]. London, UK: Routledge.

地区	乡村人口占比	地区	乡村人口占比
亚洲	52.15	拉丁美洲	19.40
大洋洲	11.09	北美洲	18.36
加勒比海地区	30.35	北非地区	45.02
欧洲	26.06	撒哈拉以南非洲	61.91

地区	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
东亚及太平洋地区	50.03	45.75	45.52	39.39	32.87	28.15
欧洲及中亚地区	15.54	15.19	14.86	12.46	10.46	9.33
拉美及加勒比地区	21.51	20.66	17.18	17.01	16.55	15.60
中东及北非地区	25.55	25.36	24.02	22.77	18.71	17.37
撒哈拉以南非洲地区	58.78	58.82	58.11	57.30	56.65	55.00

The process of rural transformation in the world and prospects of sustainable development

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 53

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	TANG Lisha, LONG Hualou, ZHOU Guipeng, GE Dazhuan, YANG Jiayi. Progress and prospect of agricultural geography research in China [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2023, 42(9): 1853-1868.
[2]	HAO Lingang, YU Jingjie, WANG Ping, HAN Chunhui. Analysis of the water-energy-food nexus system for sustainable development and its research framework [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2023, 42(1): 173-184.
[3]	ZHANG Jing, YU Haozhe, QIAO Wei, XU Zengrang, CHENG Shengkui. Progress of research on the transformation and restructuring of rural development in China [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(5): 896-904.
[4]	SHI Yuzhong, ZHAO Linlin, ZHAO Xueyan, LAN Haixia. Spatiotemporal evolution and mechanism of rural transformation: A case study of Yuzhong County in Gansu Province [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(12): 2311-2326.
[5]	LI Yuheng, HUANG Huiqian, SONG Chuanyao. Rural economic resilience in poor areas and its enlightenment: Case study of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(11): 1839-1846.
[6]	CAO Kexin, DENG Yu. Spatio-temporal evolution path and driving mechanisms of sustainable urban renewal: Progress and perspective [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(11): 1942-1955.
[7]	GUO Yuanzhi, WANG Jieyong. Spatio-temporal patterns of urban-rural transformation and optimal decision-making in China [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(11): 1799-1811.
[8]	HU Xiaoliang, LI Hongbo, ZHANG Xiaolin, YANG Jiahui. Process and mechanism of the commodification of rural space in developed areas: A case study of Xixiang Village in Suzhou City [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(1): 171-182.
[9]	CHEN Ruishan, ZHAO Zhiqiang, XU Di, CHEN Yi. Progress of research on sustainable development index for cities and urban agglomerations [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(1): 61-72.
[10]	WU Jiansheng, LI Kaiyang, ZHAO Yuhao. The use of land natural capital in the Guanzhong region based on a revised three-dimensional ecological footprint model [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(8): 1345-1355.
[11]	WU Kongsen, RUI Yang, CHEN Jia, ZHANG Liqiong, YANG Xinjun, ZHANG Baigang. Micro-scale study on rural transformation and development driven by tourism:Taking Shangwang Village in Xi’an City as an example [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 1047-1059.
[12]	LI Yuheng, SONG Chuanyao, YAN Jiayu, HUANG Huiqian. Change of rural regional system in deep poverty areas: A case study of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 951-959.
[13]	XUE Lan. A review and prospect of international studies on rural amenity [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(12): 2129-2138.
[14]	LI Yurui, CHANG Guijiang, CAO Lizhe, LONG Hualou. Rural elite and rural development [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(10): 1632-1642.
[15]	ZHAO Ruidong, FANG Chuanglin, LIU Haimeng. Progress and prospect of urban resilience research [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(10): 1717-1731.