都市圈旅游系统组织结构、演化动力及发展特征

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.10.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Metropolitan tourism is a vital force in the development of regional economy and has become an important part of the research of tourism geography. But the formation mechanism and characteristics of change of metropolitan tourism system has yet to be well studied, which limits the depth of study on metropolitan tourism. Based on a literature review, this article examines the definition, organization, and drivers, mechanism, and processes of change of these systems. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Metropolitan tourism system is an open, dynamic, and holistic tourism region complex consists of attractions, destinations, facilities, media, transportation, as well as one or several agglomeration center cities within a particular geographic unit based on the material basis of regional urban system and ecological space. Such system has the characteristics of homogenous cultural origin, clear scale hierarchy, strong industrial connection, and zonal spatial differentiation.(2) Many external factors such as economic globalization, information technology, and traffic development have promoted the formation and development of metropolitan tourism. Meanwhile, tourism demand, tourism industry agglomeration, major events, regional tourism brand marketing, and government tourism cooperation have together promoted the formation and optimization of metropolitan tourism systems. Geographical proximity and attraction, impact of industrial production chain, administrative coordination, and cultural structure jointly promoted the spatial evolution of metropolitan tourism system , formed the polarization attract, convection, and balanced optimization development stages, and presented space development models of single center expansion, spatial linkage, and multistage network accordingly. The conclusion is of great significance for the understanding of metropolitan tourism system and subsequent research.

Key words: metropolitan tourism, tourism system, organizational structure, evolution characteristics

Hu YU, Qingqing LIU, Tian CHEN, Lin LU, Yajuan LI. Organizational structure, drivers of change, and development characteristics of metropolitan tourism system[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(10): 1288-1302.

Figures/Tables 3

Tab.1

Different understandings of the regional tourism system

旅游系统要素	参考文献
旅游地域系统由吸引物组团、服务社区、中转通道和区内连接通道等要素之间的相互作用共同构成;旅游功能系统有需求板块和供给板块(包括交通、信息促销、吸引物和服务等)两大要素,具有动态性、相互依赖性和相互作用性	Gunn, 1988; Gunn et al, 2002
旅游空间结构包含运动模式、路径、节点、层次、地域、扩散六个集合要素	Haggett, 1978
旅游要素包括旅游者、客源地、交通路线、目的地、旅游产业,五个要素在功能和空间联系上相互交错,旅游者、目的地和旅游信息传递者三者间的联系和交织作用形成了旅游吸引系统	Leiper, 1979, 1990
区域旅游系统是一个与区域全球化发展相联系的全球系统	Sessa, 1988
构建了基于旅游目的地空间规划布局模式的区域旅游系统,并将其分为单节点、多节点和链状节点三种类型	Dredge, 1999
旅游地域系统涉及到客源地、旅游区、旅游通道三个断面,旅游活动可视为通过旅游通道在客源地与旅游区之间形成的物质、要素的流动与再分配	王家骏, 1994
旅游系统包括客源市场系统、出行系统、目的地系统和支持系统四部分	吴必虎, 1998; 吴必虎等, 1999
旅游系统由旅游主体(旅游者)、旅游客体(旅游目的地)、旅游媒介(旅游企事业)三大要素构成,具有开放性、整体性、竞争性	吴人韦, 1999
由供给系统(旅游地域系统、服务系统、教育系统、商品系统)和需求系统组成,包括旅游资源、旅游区、生态环境、交通路线、中心城镇、旅游者等内容	陈安择等, 1991
由直接系统(旅游者、旅游产品和旅游媒体)、介入系统(社会服务系统)和支持系统(支持行业或部门)组成,是开放性、复合型、复杂巨系统	彭华, 2000
旅游系统空间以区域中心城市为核心,通过交通线路实现旅游区联系;社会政治、经济和地理区位决定了不同旅游地的空间联系	林刚, 1996
区域旅游系统关键组成要素包括旅游目的地区域、旅游区、节点、区内路径、人口通道和客源地市场等六个要素	黄金火等, 2005
区域旅游“点—轴”结构系统特征包括：吸引物集聚、旅游者集聚、旅游设施集聚、空间可达性、客源市场和旅游交通轴线	龙茂兴等, 2010
旅游目的地区域核心表现为旅游区、旅游节(景)点和旅游路径三种空间要素	杨新军等, 2004
区分为地域、线性、等级、节点四种要素	黄泰等, 2003
由目的地、客源地和交通线三类具有空间和功能联系的子系统组层的地域系统	吴晋峰等, 2002

Tab.1

Fig.1

Fig.2

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Organizational structure, drivers of change, and development characteristics of metropolitan tourism system

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