近20年福建省沿海与内陆城市高温热浪脆弱性比较

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.10.003

Abstract

Abstract:

As one type of meteorological disasters, heat waves have exerted great influences on human production, life, and health. In order to explore the differences of heat wave vulnerability between coastal and inland cities and its formation mechanism, a heat wave Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) is constructed in this article, which includes three dimensions—exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability. Using the daily extreme highest temperature data from 1994 to 2013 and economic and social statistics, the heat wave vulnerability and its three dimensions, i.e. exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, are assessed and compared respectively between Fuzhou and Nanping, which are located in the coastal and inland area of Fujian Province. It is attempted to explain the vulnerability differences between coastal and inland areas. The result shows that: heat wave vulnerability of the coastal and inland areas had significant differences due to their geographical and socioeconomic differences, and vulnerability to heat waves in the coastal region was lower than that of the inland area in the last 20 years. However, the rising vulnerability of the former may surpass that of the latter in the future as a result of economic development in the coastal area that leads to increased sensitivity. Environmental impact of human activities is relatively weak in the inland region, and vulnerability to heat waves will decrease slowly because of decreasing sensitivity and increasing adaptation. The key to reduce vulnerability to heat waves is to enhance regional adaptability and reduce sensitivity at the same time. This has important implications for designing effective polices.

Key words: heat wave, vulnerability, Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD), coast area, inland area, Fujian Province

Xuemei ZHENG, Yi WANG, Xiaoying WU, Xi QI, Xinhua QI. Comparison of heat wave vulnerability between coastal and inland cities of Fujian Province in the past 20 years[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(10): 1197-1205.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Tab.1

Index system for the assessment of vulnerability to heat waves and indicator weights

维度层	指标层	参数层	参数层各指标内涵	指标方向
暴露性(0.32)	高温(1.00)	高温天数/天(0.33)	日最高气温≥35 ℃的天数	正向
		高温热浪频次/次(0.33)	连续3 d以上的高温天气过程的次数	正向
		高温强度/℃(0.34)	该年日最高气温超过35 ℃部分的全年累计数	正向
敏感性(0.34)	经济发展(0.20)	经济增长速度/%(1.00)	反映某一时期内经济增长程度的相对指标	正向
	城镇化(0.20)	建成区面积占土地面积的比重/%(1.00)	反映城市的市中的城市化区域面积相对大小	正向
	城乡居民收入差距(0.30)	城镇居民平均每人全年可支配收入与农村平均每人全年纯收入比值(1.00)	城乡居民收入差距指数,反映区域内部的贫富差距	正向
	耗水量(0.30)	生活用水量/万t(1.00)	应对高温热浪的需水状况	正向
适应性(0.34)	资金(0.23)	国内生产总值/万元(0.34)	一定时期内,一个国家或地区的经济中所生产出的全部最终产品和劳务的价值,常被公认为衡量国家或地区经济状况的最佳指标	负向
		地方财政收入/万元(0.32)	地方财政年度收入,是地方政府履行其职能的物质保障	负向
		固定资产投资/万元(0.34)	通过固定资产投资,可以提高社会再生产规模,提高社会生产的技术水平,调整经济结构,增强国家或地区的经济实力。	负向
	医疗卫生(0.20)	卫生机构床位数/张(1.00)	反映医疗卫生水平,体现高温热浪引起人员伤亡的应对能力	负向
	科技教育(0.20)	科技教育占财政预算支出比(1.00)	反映辖区对科技、教育的重视程度	负向
	基础设施(0.18)	公路通车里程数/km(1.00)	反映交通便捷程度及区域之间的联系密切程度	负向
	城市绿化水平(0.19)	建成区绿化覆盖率/%(1.00)	可以有效应对城市热岛效应,减缓高温热浪负面影响	负向

Tab.1

Fig.2

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Fig.9

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Comparison of heat wave vulnerability between coastal and inland cities of Fujian Province in the past 20 years

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