长江经济带农业发展的现状特征与模式转型

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

This article examines the current status of agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and discusses strategies for the transformation of agricultural development of this region in the future. The comprehensive capacity of agricultural production of the YREB increased continuously since 1996. The percentage of gross agricultural output in the national total experienced a slight reduction, but there is no doubt that this region is still one of the most important agricultural production areas of China. International trade of agricultural products in the YREB rapidly increased and showed strong competitiveness. The competitiveness of the agricultural products processing industry is still weak—the location entropy of agricultural products processing industry of most provinces in this region is lower than 1. The total amount of chemicals used in agriculture increased continuously and greater attention should be paid to the environmental problems caused by the overuse of these chemicals. Wage income became the largest source of household income. In the future, agricultural development of the YREB should take advantage of the multifunctional agricultural development and rural network paradigm and stimulate endogenous growth forces and integrate external forces, aiming for developing a core area of food production, pilot area of modern agriculture, advanced area of agricultural products processing, and distinctive agricultural undertakings. More effort should be devoted to seven major transitions, namely, from decentralized management to large-scale operation, from extensive and excessively intensive management to moderately intensive management, from part-time farming to specialized operation, from simple processing of agricultural products to comprehensive processing, from emphasizing on physical products to the pursuit of multifunctional value of agriculture, from traditional marketing to modern marketing, and from top-down to integrative bottom-up and top-down approaches. Deepening relevant reforms, increasing financial investment, encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship, optimizing regional distribution, strengthening regional cooperation, and strengthening the development of villages and towns are important guarantees for the realization of the transformation.

Key words: agricultural development, rural development, pattern transformation, multifunctional agriculture, Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB)

Yurui LI, Qianlong YANG, Zhi CAO. Current status and pattern transformation of agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(11): 1458-1469.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 30

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农产品种类	产量/万t					占全国的比重/%
农产品种类	2000年		2005年	2010年	2013年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2013年
粮食	20679	20019	21345	22483		44.74	41.36	39.06	37.35
谷物	18264	17563	19238	20204		45.07	41.06	38.76	36.55
稻谷	12745	12333	12945	13276		67.82	68.29	66.13	65.20
小麦	2738	2479	3158	3496		27.48	25.44	27.42	28.67
玉米	2390	2411	2933	3192		22.55	17.30	16.55	14.61
豆类	620	664	597	614		30.82	30.76	31.50	38.51
薯类	1796	1792	1509	1665		48.73	51.68	48.46	50.02
棉花	121	136	145	130		27.39	23.72	24.40	20.56
油料	405	1451	1444	1588		28.05	47.15	44.69	45.14
烟叶	161	181	213	235		63.19	67.39	70.78	69.53
水果	1331	4356	5865	6909		21.38	27.02	27.41	27.53
油茶籽	12	18	74	140		37.75	36.69	68.06	78.88
肉类	2704	3275	3458	3714		44.15	42.29	43.62	43.51
猪肉	2044	2485	2552	2752		50.69	49.59	50.33	50.10
牛肉	118	153	146	158		22.23	21.56	22.30	23.48
羊肉	68	97	87	90		25.00	22.33	21.90	22.08
奶类	131	255	310	310		14.21	8.90	8.27	8.48
禽蛋	676	839	841	883		30.12	29.13	30.45	30.70
水产品	1556	1908	2093	2422		36.36	37.36	38.96	39.24
海水产品	514	531	530	607		20.23	18.70	18.94	19.34
淡水产品	1042	1377	1563	1815		59.91	60.69	60.70	59.83

省区	出口额/亿美元				占全国的比重/%
省区	2005年		2010年	2013年	2005年	2010年	2013年
上海	8.9	14.89	18.01		3.27	3.05	2.68
江苏	10.42	25.22	31.62		3.83	5.16	4.71
浙江	24.51	36.67	51.86		9.02	7.5	7.73
安徽	3.33	6.89	11.24		1.23	1.41	1.68
江西	1.31	2.58	4.78		0.48	0.53	0.71
湖北	3.08	10.85	18.89		1.13	2.22	2.82
湖南	2.78	5.41	8.84		1.02	1.11	1.32
重庆	1.17	1.7	3.7		0.43	0.35	0.55
四川	4.43	6.82	6.89		1.63	1.39	1.03
贵州	0.69	1.85	2.69		0.25	0.38	0.40
云南	4.83	13.07	24.32		1.78	2.67	3.62
长江经济带	65.45	125.95	182.84		24.07	25.77	27.25
全国	271.84	488.83	670.96		100	100	100

	数值					占全国的比重或与全国平均的比值/%
	2000年		2005年	2010年	2013年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2013年
耕地面积/10⁴hm²	4522.88	4296.51	4268.02	4268.02		35.27	35.19	35.07	35.07
农业劳动力/10⁸人	1.62	1.49	1.31	1.26		45.06	44.67	47.01	49.07
农作物播种面积/10⁴hm²	6594.53	6434.64	6594.53	6736.36		42.19	41.38	42.19	40.92
农业机械总动力/10⁸kW	1.67	2.20	3.21	3.51		31.85	32.15	34.57	33.79
有效灌溉率/%	45.53	48.21	51.36	54.91		108.48	106.95	103.59	105.29
复种指数/%	145.80	149.76	154.51	157.83		119.63	117.59	120.32	116.69
化肥施用量/10⁴t	1701.90	1880.40	2100.80	2174.20		41.05	39.45	37.77	36.78
农药施用量/10⁴t	61.81	68.71	78.63	76.41		48.31	47.06	44.72	42.41
化肥施用强度/(kg/hm²)	376.30	437.70	492.20	509.40		116.38	112.10	107.72	104.88
农药施用强度/(kg/hm²)	13.70	16.00	18.40	17.90		136.98	133.72	127.54	120.93

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Current status and pattern transformation of agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

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