职住地绿地暴露对城市居民休闲步行时间的影响及其阈值研究
尹春(1992— ),男,福建邵武人,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为城市健康地理和行为地理。E-mail: chun.yin1@outlook.com |
收稿日期: 2024-03-28
修回日期: 2024-07-18
网络出版日期: 2024-12-23
基金资助
国家社科基金重大项目(23ZDA049)
Threshold effects of green space exposure around residences and workplaces on the duration of leisure walking among urban residents
Received date: 2024-03-28
Revised date: 2024-07-18
Online published: 2024-12-23
Supported by
Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(23ZDA049)
绿地暴露是影响居民休闲步行的关键因素。然而,现有研究尚不明晰绿地暴露的各项指标影响休闲步行的相对重要性、阈值区间及其在职住地的空间异质性。论文基于上海市问卷调查数据,采用梯度提升决策树模型,分别探究了职住地绿地暴露对休闲步行时间的影响程度及阈值效应。研究发现,在绿地暴露指标中,到最近公园距离是预测休闲步行时间的最主要变量。在居住地,到最近公园距离对休闲步行时间的贡献仅次于年龄;在工作地,到最近公园距离、绿色空间供需比、绿地面积的相对重要性排名分别为第6、7、9位。绿地暴露各项指标对休闲步行时间的影响方向在职住地是相似的。到最近公园距离与休闲步行时间具负向关联,主要作用区间为650 m内。当居住地NDVI处于0.10~0.14和工作地绿色空间供需比小于0.2时,两者均与休闲步行时间呈正向关联。绿地面积和公园数量与休闲步行时间呈正向关联且没有明显阈值。这些发现为规划和设计职住地绿色空间以促进休闲步行提供了科学依据。
尹春 , 陈奕毅 , 孙斌栋 . 职住地绿地暴露对城市居民休闲步行时间的影响及其阈值研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2024 , 43(12) : 2482 -2493 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.12.012
Leisure walking is one of the most important physical activities, and green space exposure is regarded as an important influencing factor of leisure walking. However, previous studies have paid limited attention to the relative importance of each green space exposure indicator to leisure walking, and the threshold effects of green space exposure and the spatial heterogeneity of residences and workplaces. Based on a survey conducted in Shanghai between 2018 and 2019, consisting of 1049 participants, this study used a gradient boosting decision tree approach to explore the threshold effects of exposure to green space around residences and workplaces on the duration of leisure walking. The results show that around both residences and workplaces, among green space exposure indicators, distance to the nearest park is the most important predictor for the duration of leisure walking. Around residences, distance to the nearest park is the second most important predictor and its ranking is only lower than age. Around workplaces, distance to the nearest park is the sixth important predictor, followed by the area of greenspace and the supply-demand ratio of greenspace, ranking seventh and ninth, respectively. Around both residences and workplaces, distance to the nearest park has negative associations with leisure walking when it is lower than 650 m. Beyond this threshold, distance to the nearest park has a trivial contribution to the duration of leisure walking. Value of NDVI around residences, when between 0.10 and 0.14, is positively correlated with the duration of leisure walking. When the supply-demand ratio of greenspace around workplaces is less than 0.2, it has a positive association with the duration of leisure walking. More green areas and parks are positively related to the duration of leisure walking without clear thresholds. With regard to the attributes of the built environment, around both residences and workplaces, land use diversity positively correlates with the duration of leisure walking, while distance to the city center has a negative association with the duration of leisure walking. Population density around residences and the number of transit stops around workplaces are negatively related to the duration of leisure walking with certain thresholds. These findings provide evidence for planning and designing green spaces around residences and workplaces to promote leisure walking.
表1 变量描述性统计Tab.1 Descriptive statistics of variables |
变量 | 居住地 | 工作地 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 | 标准差 | 平均值 | 标准差 | ||
响应变量 | |||||
休闲步行时间/min | 128.71 | 135.70 | 36.99 | 108.99 | |
预测变量 | |||||
绿地暴露 | |||||
NDVI | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.03 | |
公园数量/个 | 1.97 | 2.13 | 2.43 | 2.56 | |
绿地面积/km2 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | |
到最近公园距离/m | 575.47 | 347.93 | 607.47 | 593.80 | |
绿色空间供需比 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.03 | |
建成环境 | |||||
人口密度/(万人/km2) | 1.63 | 0.97 | 1.71 | 1.04 | |
土地利用多样性 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 0.75 | 0.11 | |
交叉口数量/个 | 135.13 | 182.24 | 140.56 | 154.18 | |
到市中心距离/km | 11.36 | 6.42 | 11.85 | 9.43 | |
公交站数量/个 | 18.25 | 9.64 | 20.36 | 11.28 | |
行人道路设施完善 | 3.94 | 0.76 | 3.87 | 0.78 | |
街道步行安全 | 4.24 | 0.73 | 4.07 | 0.75 | |
街道噪音少 | 3.78 | 0.90 | 3.53 | 0.96 | |
社会人口特征 | |||||
男性占比 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.50 | |
年龄/岁 | 39.46 | 10.22 | 39.46 | 10.22 | |
上海户口占比 | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.77 | 0.42 | |
受教育年限/年 | 13.98 | 2.55 | 13.98 | 2.55 | |
已婚占比 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 0.76 | 0.42 | |
家庭规模/人 | 2.95 | 1.03 | 2.95 | 1.03 | |
家庭年收入/万元 | 18.03 | 12.13 | 18.03 | 12.13 | |
孩子数量/个 | 0.81 | 0.61 | 0.81 | 0.61 | |
身体质量指数/(kg/m2) | 22.75 | 3.05 | 22.75 | 3.05 | |
患慢性病数量/种 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.29 |
表2 职住地各预测变量对休闲步行时间的相对重要性Tab.2 Relative importance of predictors in residence and workplace models |
变量 | 居住地 | 工作地 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
相对重要性/% | 排名 | 相对重要性/% | 排名 | ||
绿地暴露 | 12.92 | 18.66 | |||
到最近公园距离 | 6.58 | 2 | 5.73 | 6 | |
NDVI | 2.97 | 13 | 0.68 | 22 | |
绿地面积 | 1.14 | 19 | 4.20 | 9 | |
公园数量 | 1.13 | 20 | 2.71 | 13 | |
绿色空间供需比 | 1.10 | 21 | 5.34 | 7 | |
建成环境 | 30.22 | 44.73 | |||
土地利用多样性 | 6.04 | 3 | 14.03 | 2 | |
到市中心距离 | 4.91 | 5 | 9.70 | 3 | |
人口密度 | 4.53 | 6 | 0.76 | 20 | |
交叉口数量 | 4.42 | 7 | 3.86 | 10 | |
公交站数量 | 3.77 | 10 | 7.06 | 4 | |
街道噪音少 | 3.02 | 12 | 1.32 | 15 | |
街道步行安全 | 2.25 | 15 | 4.82 | 8 | |
行人道路设施完善 | 1.28 | 18 | 3.18 | 12 | |
社会人口特征 | 56.87 | 36.62 | |||
年龄 | 32.07 | 1 | 18.91 | 1 | |
身体质量指数 | 5.09 | 4 | 0.94 | 19 | |
受教育年限 | 4.40 | 8 | 0.96 | 18 | |
家庭年收入 | 3.90 | 9 | 6.86 | 5 | |
男性 | 3.67 | 11 | 1.31 | 16 | |
上海户口 | 2.31 | 14 | 0.48 | 23 | |
家庭规模 | 2.17 | 16 | 1.04 | 17 | |
孩子数 | 1.69 | 17 | 0.70 | 21 | |
已婚 | 1.04 | 22 | 1.90 | 14 | |
患慢性病数量 | 0.53 | 23 | 3.52 | 11 |
注:加粗的数字表示该组变量相对重要性的总和。 |
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