泛亚铁路对中南半岛交通优势格局与区域开发结构的影响评价
张之幸(2000— ),男,北京人,博士生,主要研究方向为交通地理与区域发展。E-mail: zhangzhixing22@mails.ucas.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-04-06
修回日期: 2023-06-27
网络出版日期: 2023-12-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42001129)
国家自然科学基金项目(4227011294)
Impact of the Pan-Asian Railway on the transport superiority pattern and regional development structure of the Indo-China Peninsula
Received date: 2023-04-06
Revised date: 2023-06-27
Online published: 2023-12-22
Supported by
Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001129)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(4227011294)
泛亚铁路是未来中国与东盟国家合作新通道,深刻影响着沿线国家基础设施互联互通和区域开发水平,对推进“一带一路”倡议深入实施具有重要意义。论文以1 km×1 km栅格为基本空间单元,刻画了泛亚铁路开通前后中南半岛的交通优势格局,解析了泛亚铁路对区域开发的支撑能力及其对区域开发结构的潜在影响。结果显示:① 泛亚铁路能够显著提高沿线国家和地区的交通优势,形成“屮”字型空间格局,但也增强了交通优势空间分布的不均衡;② 泛亚铁路开通后,中等及以上等级的交通优势区域面积占比从10.04%提高到37.34%,人口占比从46.05%提高到73.67%,对区域开发形成了良好的支撑能力;③ 泛亚铁路有利于提高中心城市的集聚能力和沿海城市对内陆地区的辐射吸引能力,形成跨国的沿海和沿海—内陆发展轴带,支撑环泰国湾区域开发结构的网络化。未来,中国与东盟的区域合作应以泰国湾地区为重点区域,打通国际陆海贸易新通道,支撑中国西部地区与中南半岛国家实现区域联动和国际合作。
张之幸 , 金凤君 , 周雍康 , 陈卓 . 泛亚铁路对中南半岛交通优势格局与区域开发结构的影响评价[J]. 地理科学进展, 2023 , 42(12) : 2324 -2336 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.12.004
The Pan-Asian Railway is a new channel for cooperation between China and ASEAN countries in the future, which will profoundly affect the infrastructure connectivity and regional development level of countries along the route, and is of great significance for promoting the further implementation of the Belt and Road initiative. In order to conduct a cross-scale research of transport superiority, this study used the 1 km×1 km grid as the basic spatial unit, and selected the present and the future year as two time points for comparison. Based on the improved transport superiority model, we characterized the transport superiority pattern of the Indo-China Peninsula before and after the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway. We also explored the potential impact of changes of transport superiority on regional development. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1) The Pan-Asian Railway can significantly improve the transport superiority of countries and regions along the route, forming a "屮" shaped spatial pattern, but also exacerbating the uneven distribution of transport superiority. The transport superiority of Singapore, western Malaysia, and Thailand shows a greater increase, and the gap with other countries has further widened. Areas with high transport superiority are scattered in central cities such as Bangkok, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and concentrated along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula. 2) After the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway, the area of medium and above-level transport superiority regions increased from 10.04% to 37.34%, and the population proportion of these areas increased from 46.05% to 73.67%, providing strong support for regional development. 3) The Pan-Asian Railway is beneficial for enhancing the agglomeration capacity of central cities and the radiation attraction of coastal cities to inland areas, weakening the restrictions on the circulation of factors across national boundaries. In addition, the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway can form a transnational coastal and coastal-inland development axis, and support the networked development structure of the Gulf of Thailand region. In the future, regional cooperation between China and ASEAN should focus on the Gulf of Thailand region, open up new international land-sea trade channels, and support regional linkages and international cooperation between western China and countries in the Indo-China Peninsula.
表1 交通干线技术水平权重赋值Tab.1 Weighted value of transport infrastructure importance |
类型 | 子类型 | 赋分标准 | 赋值 | 类型 | 子类型 | 赋分标准 | 赋值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
铁路 | 干线铁路车站 | 0.5 h时距 | 2.0 | 水运 | 枢纽港口 | 0.5 h时距 | 1.5 |
1 h时距 | 1.5 | 1 h时距 | 1.0 | ||||
2 h时距 | 1.0 | 2 h时距 | 0.5 | ||||
其他 | 0 | 其他 | 0 | ||||
支线铁路车站 | 0.5 h时距 | 1.0 | 一般港口 | 0.5 h时距 | 0.5 | ||
1 h时距 | 0.5 | 其他 | 0 | ||||
其他 | 0 | 机场 | 干线机场 | 0.5 h时距 | 1.0 | ||
公路 | 高速公路 | 10 km距离 | 1.5 | 1 h时距 | 0.5 | ||
30 km距离 | 1.0 | 其他 | 0.0 | ||||
60 km距离 | 0.5 | 支线机场 | 0.5 h时距 | 0.5 | |||
其他 | 0 | 其他 | 0 | ||||
干线公路 | 10 km距离 | 0.5 | |||||
其他 | 0 |
表2 交通方式的时速设定Tab.2 Speed assignments for roads and railways (km/h) |
道路类型 | 铁路 | 公路 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
普通铁路 | 高速铁路 | 高速公路 | 干线公路 | 一级道路 | 二级道路 | 三级道路 | ||
时速 | 80 | 200 | 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 |
表3 泛亚铁路开通前后各国不同等级交通优势区域的面积占比Tab.3 Proportion of different levels of transport superiority areas before and after the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway (%) |
交通优势度 | 新加坡 | 柬埔寨 | 泰国 | 老挝 | 越南 | 缅甸 | 西马来西亚 | 中南半岛 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
开通前 | 高 | 54.28 | 0 | 0.45 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 1.60 | 0.28 |
较高 | 31.67 | 0.41 | 2.86 | 0 | 1.51 | 0.16 | 6.55 | 1.50 | |
中等 | 11.10 | 3.37 | 15.13 | 0.38 | 9.21 | 2.40 | 28.50 | 8.26 | |
较低 | 2.95 | 15.95 | 36.96 | 6.27 | 33.13 | 15.23 | 38.94 | 24.18 | |
低 | 0 | 80.27 | 44.60 | 93.35 | 55.99 | 82.21 | 24.42 | 65.78 | |
开通后 | 高 | 88.06 | 1.73 | 8.97 | 0 | 1.88 | 0.28 | 18.48 | 4.07 |
较高 | 10.88 | 10.74 | 18.56 | 1.29 | 14.72 | 3.90 | 39.88 | 11.99 | |
中等 | 1.05 | 19.93 | 31.26 | 7.02 | 27.21 | 14.98 | 25.58 | 21.28 | |
较低 | 0 | 45.24 | 29.58 | 33.95 | 41.11 | 31.44 | 16.01 | 32.98 | |
低 | 0 | 22.36 | 11.62 | 57.75 | 15.08 | 49.40 | 0.06 | 29.68 |
表4 泛亚铁路开通前后不同类型土地覆盖的交通优势变化Tab.4 Changes in transport superiority for different types of land cover before and after the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway |
土地覆盖类型 | 新加坡 | 柬埔寨 | 泰国 | 老挝 | 越南 | 缅甸 | 西马来西亚 | 中南半岛 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
开通前 | 人造地表 | 1.60 | 0.79 | 0.95 | 0.37 | 0.83 | 0.70 | 1.23 | 0.94 |
农业 | 1.49 | 0.39 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.73 | 0.50 | |
草地 | 1.45 | 0.30 | 0.63 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.72 | 0.48 | |
灌木 | 0 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.39 | 0.20 | 0.72 | 0.29 | |
森林 | 1.59 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.52 | 0.27 | |
开通后 | 人造地表 | 2.16 | 1.40 | 1.41 | 0.65 | 1.23 | 1.04 | 1.84 | 1.40 |
农业 | 2.06 | 0.81 | 0.93 | 0.51 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 1.25 | 0.86 | |
草地 | 2.02 | 0.65 | 1.09 | 0.45 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 1.26 | 0.85 | |
灌木 | 0 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.47 | 0.66 | 0.41 | 1.27 | 0.53 | |
森林 | 2.17 | 0.47 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 0.38 | 0.95 | 0.51 |
表5 泛亚铁路开通前后各国不同等级交通优势区域的人口占比Tab.5 Proportion of populations in different levels of transport superiority areas before and after the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway (%) |
交通优势度 | 新加坡 | 柬埔寨 | 泰国 | 老挝 | 越南 | 缅甸 | 西马来西亚 | 中南半岛 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
开通前 | 高 | 96.18 | 0 | 19.82 | 0 | 11.09 | 2.04 | 30.88 | 14.39 |
较高 | 3.80 | 13.03 | 14.53 | 0 | 12.83 | 10.78 | 29.04 | 13.70 | |
中等 | 0.01 | 11.34 | 20.89 | 1.49 | 23.01 | 8.38 | 26.47 | 17.96 | |
较低 | 0.01 | 26.36 | 26.72 | 10.08 | 29.03 | 26.83 | 11.94 | 25.14 | |
低 | 0 | 49.27 | 18.03 | 88.43 | 24.04 | 51.97 | 1.67 | 28.80 | |
开通后 | 高 | 99.99 | 19.97 | 43.28 | 0 | 24.26 | 12.42 | 72.04 | 31.93 |
较高 | ≈0.01 | 20.43 | 18.79 | 3.59 | 29.65 | 12.49 | 22.57 | 20.84 | |
中等 | <0.01 | 29.69 | 21.16 | 9.81 | 23.16 | 25.10 | 4.62 | 20.90 | |
较低 | 0 | 27.01 | 13.50 | 45.10 | 19.82 | 31.00 | 0.78 | 19.37 | |
低 | 0 | 2.90 | 3.27 | 41.50 | 3.10 | 18.99 | <0.01 | 6.96 |
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