数字社会下人类时空间行为的逻辑变化与研究展望
肖作鹏(1988— ),男,湖南衡阳人,博士,助理教授,研究方向为行为地理与交通运输地理、区域与城乡规划。E-mail: tacxzp@foxmail.com |
收稿日期: 2021-09-08
要求修回日期: 2021-12-04
网络出版日期: 2022-03-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41801151)
深圳市自然科学基金项目(JCYJ20190806144618382)
版权
Human spatiotemporal behavior in the digital society: Logic change and research prospects
Received date: 2021-09-08
Request revised date: 2021-12-04
Online published: 2022-03-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41801151)
Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen City(JCYJ20190806144618382)
Copyright
科技革命带来的数字化浪潮正在剧烈地改变城市经济、社会与空间系统,日常生活中也涌现出来越来越多的数字化行为。尽管以行为地理学和时间地理学为基础的时空间行为研究对这些新现象已经有较深入的研究,但仍然有较大潜力发展出新的框架与方法。论文在时空间行为研究制约的基础上,引入环境可供性以及动态交互等理论,从信息、主体及发生场景等维度分析了数字社会下时空间行为逻辑的重构过程,归纳了动态供给下的决策信息增强、他方为我背景下的主体增强以及行为发生的时空增强等机制。面向数字社会下人类时空间的变化,研究认为需要降低行为研究颗粒度,分析时空行为情境的动态性,探索支持时空间行为实现的场景设计,关注社会资源的时空间可获得性,提高数字社会下时空间行为的响应性。
肖作鹏 . 数字社会下人类时空间行为的逻辑变化与研究展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022 , 41(1) : 86 -95 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.01.008
The digital revolution produced by digital technology progression has been significantly changing the urban economy, society, and spatial systems. A number of new digital behaviors, including e-shopping, riding-hailing, and instant delivery, have increasingly emerged in urban everyday life. Spatiotemporal behavior studies, in particular behavior geography and time geography, have intensively investigated these new behavior phenomena. However, there is still great potential to develop new frameworks for understanding the behavioral changes in a digital society. This framework should go beyond the current dichotomy of frameworks that divides all behaviors into those with or without the engagement of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) and further study how these ICT-enabled activities combine with physical activities. With insights on the whole course of digital behaviors and their outcomes, this study aimed to incorporate the theory of environmental affordance and dynamic interaction to look at how the digital society changes the traditional constraint-centered paradigm. This article summarized these changes in three aspects and categorized them into three kinds of "augment effects". First, the information provision for decision making evolves from static to dynamic and real-time. It changes the Information asymmetry between human and the environment reality, and creates flexibilities for adjusting behaviors at any time and in any locations. Second, the digial society has facilitated a number of the behaviors fulfilled by multiple agents rather than solely replying on the actor him- or herself. It creates a mechanism by which a number of behaviors could be outsourced and entrusted to others. It also creates huge abilities for individuals to make daily activitiy arrangements. Third, the space and time where the behaviors could happen have been enlarged. It suggests that the place where activities rarely happened without Internet enagement would be a site that digital behaviors could access. It creates the diversity of activities through time. These three augment effects could be attributed to the engagement of digital platforms. The digital platform is increasingly attracting the facilities and services to be presented online. The agglomeration benefits created by one-stop effects further attract the infux of end users. The two-side network effects render the platform the role of intermediator and infracture in the interaction between human behavior and the environment. It empowers the users to access, acquire, and use the resources and opportunities affiliated with any platform. Responding to these changes, this article suggests that temporal and spatial behavior research needs to increase the spatial resolution of behavior research and analyze the dynamics of the situation. It is essential to explore the scene design that supports the realization of behaviors. One argument of this research is to transform accessibility planning to availability planning and improve the spatial-temporal availability of social resources and opportunies. To achieve this transformation, it is necessary to study how to organize spatial planning by time, and improve the responsiveness to temporal and spatial behaviors in the digital society.
表1 从互联网社会到数字社会的时空间行为变化Tab.1 Spatiotemporal behavior changes from the Internet society to the digital society |
类别 | 互联网社会 | 数字社会 |
---|---|---|
技术逻辑形态 | 信息网,连接信息 | 物联网,连接万物 |
信息获取载体 | 个人电脑 | 移动设备 |
信息输入特点 | 静态、非实时、前置、有限、单调 | 动态、实时、在线、无限、丰富 |
获取他方支持 | 较难,需提前确定 | 容易,在线交易撮合 |
活动发生时间 | 常规时间 | 全时段(有需求即有供给) |
活动发生地点 | 常规地点 | 泛在空间 |
活动发生特点 | 变化小、类型少 | 变化大、类型多 |
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