新疆阿勒泰地区的生态环境从上世纪50年代至今经历了曲折的变化过程，但是总体来说该区生态环境一直在退化，只是在不同时期其退化的速度有所不同。虽然目前阿勒泰地区的生态环境恶化趋势有所减缓，但是曾经导致阿勒泰地区生态环境退化的问题并没有完全得到解决。纵观从1950年代至今的生态环境变化，阿勒泰地区的草场退化、森林资源剧减、耕地次生盐渍化、沼泽化、土地沙漠化、河流水量减少、虫鼠灾害及工矿对环境破坏等生态环境问题及其形成原因在我国的西部具有较强的代表性，因此本文试图通过回顾阿勒泰地区生态环境问题和恶化过程，分析其生态环境恶化的原因，并探寻在科学发展观指导下的可持续发展对策。

Along with the rapid development of economic in recent years, the level of people life and society production have been greatly improved in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang. Its ecology environment problems, however, have been becoming more and more serious and have become the major restrictive factors for the rapid and sustainable economic development in Altay. They are as follows at present:(1)grassland degeneration;(2)forest decrease;(3)soil secondary salinization; (4)land desertification; and so on. In this paper, the main ecology environment problems existing in Altay Prefecture are discussed, and their formation causes are analyzed. It is pointed out that sustainable development is the urgent demand and necessary choice for the economic and society development in Altay Prefecture. Based on these, Some countermeasures are put forward. For examples, it is suggested to restrict population quantity and enhance people constitution, to strengthen the enforcement of environmental protection laws and build up environmental awarenees, and so on.