拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析
收稿日期: 2008-12-01
修回日期: 2009-01-01
网络出版日期: 2009-03-25
基金资助
973 "我国冰冻圈动态过程及其对气候、水文和生态的影响机理与适应对策"(2007CB411503);欧盟第六框架项目" BRAHMATWINN"(036952);国家自然科学基金项目(40561002);日本环境省项目“利用青藏高原实施温暖化的早期 发现和早期预测”;中国科学院“百人计划”项目.
Analysis of the Observation Results of Temperature and Precipitation over an Alpine Mountain, the Lhasa River Basin
Received date: 2008-12-01
Revised date: 2009-01-01
Online published: 2009-03-25
利用架设在念青唐古拉山南坡9 个海拔高度(4300～5500m)的自动气象站一年(2006 年8 月1 日-2007 年7 月31 日)的实测数据，对山坡1.5m 高度的气温和季风期(6-9 月)降水随海拔梯度和时间的变化进行了分析。表明 4300～4950m 存在一个逆温带，逆温时间自10 月至翌年4 月。年逆温频率为11.5%(42 天)。4300～5500m 年平均气温 直减率为0.61℃/100m；念青唐古拉山南坡季风期各月最大降水带都在海拔5100m。最大降水高度以下，山坡降水 量递增率为4～7mm/100m，最大降水高度以上，降水递减率数值上为降水递增率的1.6～2.3 倍。7 月和8 月降水量占 季风期总降水量比例大于6 月和9 月。降水月内分配山坡上部总体较山坡下部均匀。降水主要发生在4:00-10:00 以外的时间段，而大-中雨(3～14mm/h)主要发生在18:00-22:00。山坡强降水段相对集中在4650～5100m 海拔高度。
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,康世昌,汪奎奎 . 拉萨河流域高山水热分布观测结果分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009 , 28(2) : 223 -230 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.02.009
Altitudinal and temporal distribution of surface based air temperatures and monsoon period precipitation were analysed, using an original data set, spanning Aug. 1, 2006 to Jul. 31, 2007, from 9 automated weather stations set up along an altitudinal gradient from 4300 to 5500 m a.s.l. on the southern slope of Nyainqentanglha Mountains, the Lhasa River basin. Surface based inversion was found typically during October to the following April. The annual inversion frequency was 11.5% (i.e. 42 days). The lapse rate of mean annual air temperature was 0.61℃/100m for the elevation interval of 4300～5500 m. Analysis on the precipitation indicated the presence of the maximum precipitation belt (MPB) at about 5100 m a.s.l, with an increasing rate of 4～7mm/100m below the MPB. The precipitation decreased at a rate of 1.6～2.3 times of the increasing rate over the MPB. The precipitation amounts in July and August were larger than those in June and September. The intra-month distributions of precipitation were generally more homogeneous for the upper hillslope than for the lower. The precipitation events generally occurred at any time except for 4:00～10:00, with the heavy rainfall(3~14mm/h) mainly occurring within 18:00～22:00. The larger precipitation events concentrated roughly between 4650 m a.s.l. and 5100 m a.s.l.
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