国外低碳城市研究进展
收稿日期: 2010-07-01
修回日期: 2010-10-01
网络出版日期: 2010-12-25
基金资助
国家教育部高校重点研究基地项目(YRCSD08A15)；国家973 计划“应对气候变化”科技专项(2010CB955901)。
Progresses of Low-carbon City Research
Received date: 2010-07-01
Revised date: 2010-10-01
Online published: 2010-12-25
在人类应对全球气候变化的挑战中，低碳城市逐渐成为低碳经济与低碳社会的空间聚焦点。文章从城市碳排放驱动因素、低碳城市循环与代谢、低碳城市空间规划、低碳城市环境管治等四方面系统归纳了国外低碳城市研究的内容和模型方法，并对LMDI方法、Hybrid-EIO-LCA 方法、CGE模型作了具体评述。可以认为，低碳城市研究在理论上，由可持续发展、循环经济转向低碳经济和社会论，由城市生态系统、共生城市、精明增长和公交导向细化为低碳社区的构建；在方法上，由单一计算转变到综合评估，由衍生方法借用转到低碳城市模型方法的提出；数据使用由估测数据转向明确的环境账户；空间尺度由城市个体向家庭、社区、园区、城市群等不同层面扩展；研究地域则从少数发达国家推广到发展中国家。基于低碳城市研究体系的不完备性和多学科交叉性、数据的不确定性、时空尺度的多样性等特点，当前研究应从城市共生和谐论出发，以微观尺度的调查数据为基础，综合利用现代空间信息技术，建立城市碳排放账户，对城市碳能源—经济—社会—环境(CEESE)系统的功能与机理、过程与控制以及关联与效应进行探索，创建低碳城市研究的理论与方法体系。
秦耀辰, 张丽君, 鲁丰先, 闫卫阳, 王喜 . 国外低碳城市研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010 , 29(12) : 1459 -1469 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.12.001
Responses to the challenge of global warming include research into the adoption of low-carbon approaches to resource use. Accordingly, low-carbon-city studies refer to documenting, among other things, the relative significance of factors driving the current increase in urban carbon emissions. Such studies refer to the cycle and metabolism of the hypothetical low-carbon city, the low-carbon-city planning, and low-carbon-city environmental governance that would be needed in implementation. These low-carbon-city studies have deployed a range of methods, such as the LMDI method, Hybrid-EIO-LCA method, and CGE. The emphasis has been put on the study of low-carbon city in terms of sustainable development and its relationship with low-carbon economy and society, and on the establishment of urban ecosystems to form the symbiotic city and to realize smart growth and transit-oriented development of the low-carbon communities.
Researchers from both economically developed and developing countries now notice that low-carbon-city research lacks attention to the comprehensive array of factors involved and that progress is limited by the interdisciplinary matters that must be dealt with, and the uncertainty attached to some of the available input data. Reconciliation of study results across a range of spatio-temporal scales is also a challenging issue. It is argued that it will be helpful to focus on the urban carbon energy-economy-society-environment system.
Key words： carbon emission; low-carbon city; low-carbon model; research progress; spatial scale
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