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  • Original Articles
    TERRITORIAL PLANNING IN THE NEW ERA: ROLE AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
    Fan Jie
    1998, 17(4): 3-9. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.001
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    This paper reviews and assesses current practices of territorial planning (regional planning), trying to shed light on the potential drawbacks of Economic Geography, which constitutes the theoretical foundation for territorial planning. For this purpose, the challenges on territorial planning posed by market economy, sustainable development, the emerging buyer’s market and transformed world market are put into serious analysis. The above analysis provides important insights into the characters of territorial planning in the new era. The study concludes that regional economic distribution will continue to be first-class issue in territorial planning, while such factors as unbalanced regional development, urbanization, rural development and enterprises spatial strategy will exert critical impacts on the prospects of regional economic framework. Finally, the author calls for more attention to the need to build up a more sound theoretical foundation for territorial planning and accelerate the development of Economic Geography as a discipline.
  • Original Articles
    EVALUATION ON THE MAJOR RESULTS OF INTERNATIONAL REGIONALISM
    Pang Xiaomin
    1998, 17(4): 10-17. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.002
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    With the extensive practice of regionalism worldwide, the evaluation on the results of regionalism has raised great attention among international academic circle. In order to enhance the theoretical basis and empirical understanding about the domestic practice of regional economic and technological cooperation in China, this paper provides an analytical summary of the major research results concerning the achievements of regionalism in the international context, mainly referring to the overall influence on regional development, trade effect, investment effect and international industrial and technical transfer.
  • Original Articles
    A STUDY ON THE CO 2 FLUX DENSITY ANDTHE WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROP COMMUNITY IN A FIELD ECOSYSTEM
    Yang Xiaoguang, Yu Huning
    1998, 17(4): 18-26. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.003
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    The CO 2 flux concentration gradient and microclimate characteristics of a summer corn community were measured with an infrared CO 2 analysis system and a Bowen ratio device. The instantaneous CO 2 flux density and the water use efficiency of the corn canopy were calculated. The result showed that the CO 2 flux and CO 2 concentration gradient as well as the water use efficiency of the summer corn community had distinct daily and seasonal change patterns. The daily change of the water use efficiency was described in a ‘L’type curve with a peak value around 8 a.m. in the morning. Before grain filling, the water use efficiency increased as the corn grew, while it decreased after grain filling because of the decrease of photosynthetic ability of the corn community and the increase of respiration consumption. The water use efficiency was affected by the factors such as global radiation and CO 2 concentration and air saturation deficit etc. Therefore, in agricultural practice, the water use efficiency of the corn community could be raised by means of straw cover and sprinkling irrigation to reduce drive potential of transpiration.
  • Original Articles
    THE ENVIRONMENT QUALITY AND THE ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLE FACTORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH QINGHAI
    Zhao Mingcha
    1998, 17(4): 27-34. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.004
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    South Qinghai consists of Yushuzhou and Guoluozhou. It is a pure pasture area. The paper studies the environment quality from the view point of sustainable development, and analyzes the main obstacle factors of the sustainable development of ecological environments: low oxygen content, low temperature, and pasture degradation. The low content of the oxygen has its natural reason, but the reasons of pasture degradation are bad natural conditions, rat pest and overgrazing.
  • Original Articles
    EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CHANGE RATIO IN MODERN PLANTING EXAMPLE IN LUANCHENG COUNTY, HEBEI PROVINCE
    Feng zhiming, Liu Aimin
    1998, 17(4): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.005
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    Energy change ratio is a synthetical index to evaluate the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources. Based on analyses of the characteristics of modern planting system, this paper discusses the characteristics of input and production in modern planting system in Luancheng County, Hebei Province. Result of analyzing energy flow indicates that, after 1990’s, as the input of artificial auxiliary energy, especially the industry auxiliary energy, was increased, energy result in system has been decreased. Improving the production construction and the input construction in system, using modern organism technology and engineer technology, and increasing utilization ratio on agricultural resources are keys to achieve sustainable development of modern agriculture.
  • Original Articles
    SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT ON THE WASTE LANDRESOURCES OF CHINA’S MINING AREAS
    Su Guangquan, He Shujin, Guo Huancheng
    1998, 17(4): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.006
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    It is urgent in the time of high speed development of China’s mining industry to research the issue of waste land reclamation of China’s mining areas because of the severe damage of China’s land resources in mining areas and low reclamation ratio (about 10%) of its waste lands. To launch in the whole country the suitability assessment of the waste land reclamation of China’s mining areas can serve as a real time guide for relevant researches because of its basic function in the research of the waste land reclamation of China’s mining areas. According to this function, the thesis divides the waste land resources of China’s mining areas into 25 sub categories of 5 categories on the basis of field investigation and utilization of certain principles. Every type of 25 sub categories is assessed on their suitability for the waste land reclamation, and corresponding ways for the exploitation and utilization of China’s waste land resources are also put forward. These detailed methods can in an efficient way serve as a scientific assessment tool for the evaluation of China’s waste land reclamation, so as to improve the efficiency of China’s waste land reclamation and utilization, and to provide an efficacious reference for relevant policy making.
  • Original Articles
    STUDIES ON THE MOVEMENT OF FARMLAND GRAVITY AND ANALYSES OF ITS DRIVING FORCES IN INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA
    Bao Yuhai, Wulantuya, Xiangbao, Zhao Xiaoli
    1998, 17(4): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.007
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    In this paper, the history of land reclamation in Inner Mongolia, China, was reviewed briefly and the farmland gravity and the population gravity, in the rural areas of the whole region in years between 1949￣1996, were calculated with the statistics data from Inner Mongolia in recent 50 years. On the basis of this, it came to the conclusion that both the farmland gravity in Inner Mongolia and the population gravity in the rural areas have been moving toward northeast. The paper also analyzed simply the driving forces of movement of the farmland gravity and proposed several suggestions.
  • Original Articles
    OVERVIEW ON METADATA STANDARDS OF GEO SPATIAL DATA
    Li Jun, Zhou Chenghu
    1998, 17(4): 57-65. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.008
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    Dozens of Metadata standards for geographic information or geo spatial data have been found recently. The paper introduces Content Standards for Digital Geo spatial Metadata, Geographic Information-Metadata, Directory Interchange Format, and Metadata standards of ISO/TC211. Based on those Metadata standards, the authors give one metadata standard for geo spatial data application. The Metadata standard includes three level Metadata sets. The first, named Basic Metadata set, includes fundamental information of Geo spatial dataset such as content, name, format, and it is introduced to serve ordinary data users. The second level Metadata set, named Summery Metadata set, is established to serve geo spatial data managers. And the third level Metadata set, named Detail Metadata set, includes detailed information about Geo spatial data, serving data specialists to manipulate and process geo spatial data.
  • Original Articles
    THE STUDY AND TRENDS ON TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE MODELS
    Wang Shaoqiang, Chen Yufeng
    1998, 17(4): 66-74. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.009
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    In this paper some terrestrial carbon cycle models in the world and China are introduced. After comparing the state-of-the-art development between the world and China, it is suggested that, on the study on terrestrial carbon cycle models in China, the following aspects should be paid attention to: (1) Future terrestrial carbon cycle models should pay attention to the development of dynamic model and be able to simulate the impacts of human activities. (2) The models are dynamic. They can reveal not only the feedback relationship between terrestrial carbon cycle and climate change but also the interaction between terrestrial and atmosphere, and predict terrestrial dynamic change and feedback impact in China in future. (3) The models can utilize technique and methods of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing to provide strong pools and data. (4) The models of terrestrial carbon cycle should couple with climate models to study the impacts of climate change on terrestrial carbon cycle. Meanwhile, the models should strengthen scenario study and predict changes in future so that the models can provide theory basis and foundation for making policy of greenhouse gas emission in China.
  • Original Articles
    AN OVERVIEW OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATIONSHARING THROUGH INTERNET
    Zhang Jianting
    1998, 17(4): 75-80. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.010
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    Geo data is very important to geo study. This paper overviews several geo data sharing systems in Internet and discusses the role of geo data sharing over Internet. The paper also overviews technique problems in Internet Geo data sharing which mainly includes meta database based and WebGIS based. Finally the paper draws the conclusion that geo metadata visual query and geo data fusion are two important issues in geo data sharing in Internet. An appendix of Internet HomePage addresses of several Internet Geo data sharing systems is provided.
  • Original Articles
    CHANGES OF POVERTY RELIEF POLICIES ANDTHEIR IMPLEMENTATION EFFECT IN CHINA
    Liu Hui
    1998, 17(4): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.011
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    Poverty is a serious challenge facing the world today. Since the opening and reform, China’s economy has developed very quickly. At the same time, the number of poor people decreased from 250 million in 1978 to 58 million in 1996. However, poverty is still a prominent problem in the development of China. Since 1949, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of different poverty relief policies in different times. So, this paper reviewed the changes of poverty relief policies and stressed on analyzing the Chinese government’s explorative poverty relief policies, such as provide work as a form of relief, poverty relief by science & technology, site fixed poverty relief by organization, regional cooperation, resettlement of poor farmers, etc. Further more, the paper analyzed their implementation effects on solving basic survival problems: decreasing the size of the poverty-stricken population, promoting local economic development and improving environment. It also discussed the causes of the different effects of poverty relief in different regions in the past few years, and pointed out some problems in the implementation of poverty relief policies at present, such as emphasizing large scale poverty relief measures while neglecting birth control, excessive investment and scale in resettlement plan, etc. At last, the paper evaluated the latest poverty relief polices defined by the central government and the local provinces.
  • Original Articles
    THE CONSERVATION AREAS FOR DRINKING WATERRESOURCES IN GERMANY
    Li Jianxin
    1998, 17(4): 90-99. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.1998.04.012
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    The German experiences with the conservation areas for drinking water resources are used for reference in Europe and North America. Compared to 82 millions people and nearly 20 000 water conservation areas in Germany, China has 1 200 millions people and only a few hundred water conservation areas. The possibility of establishing conservation areas for drinking water in China was created under the Law on Wastewater Prevention and Treatment of May 11, 1984. For lack of experiences, many water conservation areas in China have not worked properly in reality. These are the background to report the German experiences in this paper. There are three types of DVGW-Regulations for the water conservation areas in Germany, the DVGW-Regulations for groundwater, for reservoirs and for lakes. There are no DVGW-Regulations for rivers, because the river water quality is usually too bad according to the German drinkwater standards: the quality-class of surface water used as drinking water resources should be class one. Secondly river conservation areas would be too large because of the dynamic characteristic of river and thus too difficult to control. Generally, the total catchment areas of the abstraction should be designated as the water conservation areas. A water conservation areas is divided into three subareas, which are classified as Zone Ⅰ (or ⅠA, ⅠB), Zone Ⅱ (or ⅡA, ⅡB) and Zone Ⅲ (or ⅢA, ⅢB). Zone ⅠA, the so-called Inner Zone, is the most important, while Zone ⅢB is the last class. The protection of the subareas is different: it gains intensiver from Zone Ⅲ to Zone Ⅰ, in ⅠA any landuse is forbidden. In Germany drinkwater is definited as the No.1 of all necessaries of life, this is the condition No.1 for using water conservation areas. For instance, the state Baden-Wuerttemberg subsidizes the peasants for short crop caused through the restrictions on pesticide and fertilizer use by the government, which suggests the ecological agriculture for the peasants in water conservation areas. By landuse planning the ground filtration and natural sedimentation process in (ground) water are taken into account, for example the famous isochron of 50-day trave time, found by Dr.M.Knorr. His experiments showed no pathogenic bacteria and pathogen could live more than 50 days in ground water flow, therefore the distance travelled by the ground water flow to the abstraction in 50 days was set as the distance from the Zone Ⅱ boundary. The 50-days isochron philosophy is used in the conservation areas for surface water also. The catchment area protection is a key factor for assuring success of a water conservation areas. One task of the Action Program Rhine is to protect the water conservation areas near the river bank of the Rhine.