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  • Original Articles
    LUO Ming, WANG Jun
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    Land consolidation plays an important role in rational re arrangement of land resources, increasing profit of land and keeping dynamic balance of amount of cultivated land. Therefore, it has become the focus of society attention. The denotation of land consolidation is discussed in this paper. According to the differences between eastern, middle and western regions of China, the suggestions of land consolidation are put forward combined with national target. (1)In eastern region with high economic level, high land use ratio, and serious human land contradiction, more attention should be paid to agricultural land consolidation, aiming at improvement of land quality, management and benefit associated with the adjustment of agricultural structure. At the same time, non agricultural land consolidation can be gradually performed in order to mitigate pressure of construction land against cultivate land.(2)In middle region with medium economic level and land use ratio, it is necessary to convert the objectives of land consolidation concentration from increasing quantity of cultivated land to promoting its quality, based on keeping dynamic balance of cultivated land amount.(3)For western region associated with low land use ratio and low economic level, land consolidation should not only combine with return of cultivate land to woodland and grassland as well as control of water and desert to improve environments, but promote scientific and technological input to existing cultivated land to increase its output ratio. In addition, it is urgent to constitute, revise and improve laws and regulations related to land consolidation. In order to achieve multiple collective methods of land consolidation funds, it is helpful to explore establishment of land bank and corporations’ participation in land consolidation process.
  • Original Articles
    ZHU Hui yi, HE Shu jin, ZHANG Ming
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    GIS Spatial Analysis is widely adopted in the research of land use change, especially in the spatial research of land use change. The data analyzed by GIS is mainly from original land use map and remote sensing. The model foundation includes spatio-temperal data model, attribute data model and principal model for acquiring land use characteristics. The data dealing process involves many functions of GIS, such as data conversion, edit function, spatial analysis, database operating, and statistic function. Taking Beijing area as an example, this paper illustrates GIS spatial analysis and its application in the research of land use change. There are some remarkable advantages using GIS in the land use change. It can integrate all land use information in one system, such as original land use maps, images, statistical data, and land attribute data. Furthermore, the spatial data can be analyzed in the system environment in order to produce information of regional land use change. At last, the spatial change, distribution can be printed with the mapping function of GIS. As the shortage of many analysis functions, the integration of GIS with user models is the main developing direction.
  • Original Articles
    ZHU Yan, CHEN Fa hu, ZHANG Jia wu, AN Cheng bang
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    A number of environmental records reveal that there was a rapid environmental deterioating event all over the world ca 5000 a BP. During this period, there was a movement of vegetations zone to south in the southern China, lower sea level along the coast in the southern and eastern China, and desertification in some sites of northern China. Meanwhile, there was a fargoing regradation or discontinuity of Neolithic culture in China. Furthermore, we have noticed some special clues which would help us to insure the result that deteriorated environment caused deteriorating of planting plants. For example, comparisons between early and late epochs of ca 5000 a BP. find that the sites number of the millet dud out declined in Yellow River drainage area; just only straw and shuck of paddy were discovered in the archaeological sites without rice in Yangtse River delta; the activities of fishing hunting were less, yet activities of feeding domestic animal were more all over China ca 5000 a BP. At the same time, there were also many records of the state of culture development consistent with the environmental changes all over the world. We propose that the degradation and discontinuity of Neolithic culture was caused by the deteriorated environmental conditions. It may be the environmental changes that affected the prehistoric culture. Vegetations are the nutrition resources of human. The past global changes (PAGES) have validated that climatic changes is at bottom of the changes of ecological system. The change of ecological system caused the changes of vegetations that affected the life of human directly, and hence, caused the changes of Neolithic culture. The role of the deteriorating environmental conditions affecting the Neolithic culture was in two folds. The first is that it boosted the development of Neolithic culture in some extents as the amplitude of environmental changes were small, because the environmental changes curtailed natural yield per unit area of nutrition resources and human were compelled to invent and improve techniques to raise per unit yield to fit their needs in food. The second is that it could bring about the discontinuity of Neolithic culture when the amplitude of environmental changes was so large that vegetations were destroyed entirely and human, losing their nutrition resources completely, had to migrate to find new nutrition resources. The amplitude of environmental changes was smaller in the southern China than that in the northern, ca 5000 a BP., so the Neolithic culture showed regradation in southern China and more discontinuity of Neolithic culture appeared in northern because the nutrition resources were dried up as large area of land was desertificated.
  • Original Articles
    SUN Shao cheng
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    As the core of disaster research, Reviews and evaluations on the works of orisk prediction, loss assessing, effects of disaster reduction and prevention are discussed in this paper. At present, international research in evaluation has made a certain progress. The work on it, however, needs to be enriched and perfected by improving the synthesis of multi subjects because of the universality of disaster evaluation. In this paper, author reviews and summarizes the evolution of disaster research in risk evaluation, loss evaluation, environment evaluation and profits evaluation of disaster prevent engineers, and discusses the connotation, content and study methods in these fields. Results show that focuses of present study in risk evaluation are put to natural attribute of disaster. Synthetic research in risk evaluation of disaster formative factors, volubility of disaster affected bodies advances slowly. Research in loss evaluation of disaster does not put enough attention to direct economy losses, indirect economy losses and other losses. Evaluation in disaster environment is a new task, and profit evaluation of disaster prevent engineer needs to be studied deeply on the basis of the principle and method of cost profit.
  • Original Articles
    WANG Jun, CHEN Xiang dong
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    The popularity of information technology has presented a opportunity for the development of digitalization of Chinese Historical Geography. For the reason of abundant historical documents, several series data about ancient population, climate, farmland, and agricultural productions have been accumulated, in addition to the eight volume of Historical Atlas of China, as alternative techniques, there are geographical information system, digital map making, graphic and image digital process, hypertext and multi media methods, suitable to promote the digitalization of historical geography. With recent practice in historical urban study, regional population research, and thematic map making with modern topographic maps, there is an idea that the GIS application suits for macro population database construction such as that of Han Dynasties and the digital map making suit for micro urban map compilation and presentation. It is believed that the main basement for the development of digitalization is the data mining or knowledge digging from the original historical archives resources.
  • Original Articles
    LI Jun, ZHUANG Da fang
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    Following the extension of capturing method for geo spatial data, development of database updating technology, and application of geo spatial, Geo spatial data integration is found more and more necessary than ever before. Simply saying, geo spatial data integration is the processes in which geo spatial data captured from different sources and created with internal and external characteristic can be used within one uniform platform. The paper describes why geo spatial data can be integrated and how to integrate. In the first part of the paper, the authors focus on the theory foundations of geo spatial data integration, such as: (1) spatial and temporal uniform of geo processes and geo phenomena that are considered as the content of geo spatial represented. (2) Temporal and spatial continuity of geo processes and phenomena, accordingly, coming to the result that different part of one geo spatial feature can be joined together in an integrated dataset. (3) Hierarchy of geo processes and phenomena make possible the data generalization in data integration. (4) The similar cognition processes in different geo spatial data capturing processes make possible the comparison of same spatial feature in different dataset. (5) Based on geo spatial metadata, how to make the content and format of geo spatial knowable to data users. (6) The independence of contents of geo spatial data on it’s format. Based on the theory foundation, at the final part of the paper, the authors describe a general geo spatial data integration system which includes geo spatial metadata information system, geo information processing model, network based data user interface, distributed geo spatial database, and geo export knowledge system.
  • Original Articles
    JIANG Dong, WANG Nai bin, YANG Xiao huan, LIU Hong hui
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    Studies on character and variation of land cover/land use become more and more important in geographical and ecological research. Vegetation index and surface temperature are important parameters to describe characters of land covers. More useful information will be created by integrated analyses of these two kinds of data together, which will help us to find out main principles of the temporal and spatial variation of land cover/land use. The paper focused on physical connotation and ecological meaning of the vegetation index-surface temperature feature space, analyzed temporal variation of different type of land covers in this feature space using NOAA AVHRR remote sensing data, and did much site work on relationship between water index and winter wheat yield in the Huang Huaihai campagna. Following views have been set forth and tested based on these data: (1) Large area and long time serials land surface parameters could be retrieved from remote sensed information; (2) Different types of land covers have different characters in the vegetation index-surface temperature feature space; (3) Water index, derived from vegetation index and surface temperature, is turned out to be a good indicate of growing situation of crops.
  • Original Articles
    WANG Xi qin, LIU Chang ming, YANG Zhi feng
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    On the basis of discussing new schemes, location, and affected regions of west route water transfer project, the authors of this paper dealt with main environment impact on the water exportry region of west route water transfer project, including two aspects of natural environment and social environment, such as the influences on climate, animal and plant, water quality, reservoir area and its circumjacent geologic environment, public healthy etc, and the reservoir submerging influences on social economic. The main conclusions relate to 4 aspects: ① The influences on air temperature and precipitation of the reservoir and near dam sections are all Small. The precipitation contribute ration to some areas is 0 004~0 008 as a result of the reservoir section evaporation increase. Though the drought river valley is affected, the influence is slight. ② The influences on biology are mainly showed in the aspects of fishing section series composition and community structure. It would also cause the decrease in the amount of terraneous biology, but the biology species resources would not lessen. ③ It would lower the water quality of dam backward position, but the influence is limited because the population density is sparse and the pollution is not severe. ④ Submerging losing is small, emigration is small too. Accordingly, the present paper also provided some references for the study of west route water project’s influence on environment.
  • Original Articles
    ZHANG Xiu mei, LIANG Tao, GENG Yuan bo
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    The biogeochemical cycle of modern sedimentary phosphorus in ocean continental interaction zone and its relationship with O 2 and CO2 in the atmosphere are discussed in this paper. From enviromental biogeochemical theory and methodology, the characteristics of variation of sedimentary phosphorus with time, species, and its related elements are summarized. It can trace back to the driving factors that caused past climate and environmental changes. Furthermore, the potential influence of modern sedimentary phosphorus in estuary bay area to global climate change and regional respond is discussed. It shows that the modern sedimentary phosphorus acts as a special role in the study of globle climate change. And it could help to indicate the past climate and environmental change. The study of moedern sedimentary phosphorus will supply scientific information to the creation of the pattern of global change.
  • Original Articles
    ZHANG Yi feng, WANG You feng, LIU Lu xiang
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    Shajiang soil is one of the soils that have low yield in Huanghuaihai Plain. The two thirds of the Shajiang soil of the plain locate in Huaibei plain. This kind of soil has a low ability of accommodating water automatically. It is prone to drought, water logging and these calamities often arise alternatively. This kind of soil hinders the development of the agriculture largely and makes a great difficulty for the prevention and cure of the nature disaster. In order to excavate the production potential of this region and make a great development of the agriculture, this paper discusses the form and the progress of the Shajiang soil and the characteristic of the soil structure. After analyzing the environment of the region, this paper discourses upon the function mechanism between the drought and water logging calamity and the soil structure of the Shajiang soil in Huaihe River valley. At the end of the paper the authors suggest some reasonable measures for the reclamation of the low-and-media-low yielding land and the elimination of the calamity.
  • Original Articles
    YU Guo ying
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    Wetland is a hotpoint which is paid a close attention to by many the scientists in different subjects, but wetland researches are very young and under developing. This paper discussed some basic issues of wetland researches and show that: wetland could be described as a physical synthesis which composed of water, soil and vegetation and the process is dominated by that of water in the surface layer of the earth. The main scientific issue is the filtrationism which could defined as the movement, transference, redistribution and effects of water, nutrients and contaminants in multi interface through terrestrial and aquatic interaction in wetland, which is the core of ecological process and function in wetland. It includes water process and effects, cycling process and effects of nutrients and contaminants, wetland productivity and biodiversity and so on. The frame of wetland sciences system and the priority in wetland researches in China were also proposed.
  • Original Articles
    SHAO Xiao mei
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    The modernization of agricultural production conditions is indispensable to the implement of agricultural modernization, which includes agricultural mechanization, agricultural irrigation, extensive use of chemical fertilizers and other farm chemicals, and agricultural electrization, etc. In this paper, based on the statistical information for the last 20 years, the progress and problems in agricultural production conditions during the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture in Shandong Province are analyzed. For example, the composition of agricultural mechanism was not rational, the construction standard of farmland irrigation works was low, and the proportion of chemical fertilizers was improper. To solve these problems, some measures are put forward: (a) Service system of agricultural mechanism must be improved, including agricultural mechanism socialization and marketability; (b) Farmland capital construction must attach most importance to water conservancy facilities and improve scientific technology in farmland water conservancy construction; (c) The consumption of phosphate must be increased, and pollution of the environment caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides must be reduced; and (d) We must continue to put the strategy of scientific education in agriculture in practice and speed up the use and extension of new scientific knowledge and new techniques in agriculture.
  • Original Articles
    FU Su xing
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    This paper highlights the application and development of geographic information system in the past more than thirty years, briefs the progress in GIS software technique, introduces the deepening of the geo information mechanisms, self organization, self correlation theory and temporal spatial thematic high dimensional data model as well as studies comprehensive integrated technical system centered around GIS at the turn of the 21st century. It also discusses information times and network world in the new century and points out in the rapid development of high & new technologies such as “information expressway”, “digital earth”, in depth study and application of GIS should be included in the State information technology development planning, so as to make GIS offer deepening and all directional service to the national sustainable development and global change studies.