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  • Original Articles
    Explanation of Land Use Changes
    LI Xiu bin
    2002, 21(3): 195-203. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.001
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    The most fundamental obstacle to progress in the understanding and prediction of human impacts on environmental changes lies in the lack of a comprehensive and integrative theory of human land relationships. The recent growth of research into land use and land cover change has revealed the inadequacy of current theories. On the other hand, specific land use issues have been effectively addressed by different disciplines, such as economic geography, regional and urban economics, and law. This paper reviews the land use theories and system models that indirectly or exclusively touch the dynamics of land use in time and space. A comprehensive framework for the explanation of land use changes is proposed. The author argues that a multi disciplinary approach into land use change studies, as an alternative to a new integrative theory of human land relationships, help the establishment of a holistic understanding of the process. Analyses of land user’s economic behavior and land manager’s institutional behavior constitute the major components of the framework. Thunen and Alonso’s bid rent curve approach provides a foundation for the former analysis, while Platt’s interaction loop among land use system, environment system and institution system provides theoretical base for the latter. With the bid rent curve approach, understanding of land use change lies in an analysis of conditions for change of transference margins in the micro perspective and an analysis of conditions for change of the slope of bid rent curve in the macro perspective. All these changes will break the spatial equilibrium of land use and then constitute the driving forces of land use change. With Platt’s interaction loop approach, attention should be paid to strength of the signals from both the nature side and the society side. The author claims that changes on land use policies in China after the ’who will feed China’ debate in the mid 1990s, the large flooding on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the strong dust storms in North China in early 2000, reflect the impact of strong signals. The paper also discusses the intrinsic properties of land that make unique of the dynamic mechanism of land use. Of these properties, multiple suitability, constraint in area and quality, and immovability are imperative to land use changes. Trend in land use specialization and the implicative shrinking of land’s natural functions is a cue for the understanding of land use changes, and that of the overall human environment relationships as well.
  • Original Articles
    Design and Evaluation of Indicator System of Regional Land for Sustainable Use
    CHEN Bai ming
    2002, 21(3): 204-215. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.002
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    In order to develop indicator system of regional land for land sustainable use, structures and functions of regional land use system, as well as objects of regional land for sustainable use, must be intensively understood; land sustainable use level, coordinative development and interactional status in different regions should be accurately reflected. Hereby, this paper selects typical sensitive indicators, which are independent and reflect the features in all aspects, to design the frame of indicator system of regional land for sustainable use, including object level, rule level, factor level and element level. The object level shows acting rule of land use system from the macroscopical level and reflects whole situation of regional land sustainable use. The rule level is the disintegration of the object level, and ulteriorly declare the act and impact of each aspects in land use system for regional land sustainable use, including productivity, protection, security, viability and acceptability. The factor level clues in the act and impact of every part in land use system, and every evaluated factor is concretely delivered by some elements. The element level is the smallest unit of this indicator system, and as the basic indicator describing evaluated factors, is the concrete measurement of sustainable land use degree in this indicator system.
  • Original Articles
    A Study of Scientific Regulation of Sustainable Land Use at County Scale in China
    WANG Jing, GUO Xu dong
    2002, 21(3): 216-222. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.003
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    It is necessary to evaluate sustainable land use control at county scale in China. The scientific control system of sustainable land use is deeply studied from three aspects: land use zoning, sustainable land use assessment and sustainable land use monitor. Restricting irrational land use and avoiding the negative effect of land use are social targets of the system of land use zoning. The beforehand regulating way is the available public measure land management. The system of sustainable land use assessment is to evaluate sustainable land use at county scale. In a feedback way, irrational land use will be avoided. Sustainable land use indicators at the county scale are built up based on the character of sustainable land use indicators and the trait of land resources in a county. The system of sustainable land use monitoring is timely to monitor land use/land cover changes and environmental changes. In a timely way, irrational land use will be avoided. The controlling object of regulation system of sustainable land use is land use system at county scale, and the final aim of this system is to ensure sustainable land use at county scale. Some valuable and useful information can be got for the rational land use through this system. And based on the system, some sustainable land use policies are also offered.
  • Original Articles
    An Analysis of Urbanization Process and Water-land Resource Sustainable Utilization
    ZHENG Yu, FENG De-xian
    2002, 21(3): 223-229. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.004
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    Mainly based on theoretical analyses, interactive relationships between urbanization and the water and land resource utilization are discussed in this paper. Some conclusions are as follows: (1) during different stages of urbanization, intensive degree of water and land resource utilization is different on account of the difference of economy aggregation, population growth and resource supply, but the general trend of utilization of water and land resource is from extensive to intensive with the development of urbanization; (2) urban agglomeration economy is the inherent impetus resulting in the intensive utilization of water and resource during the urbanization process. The centralization nature of economic activities makes intensive utilization of land and water resource natural; (3) ladder shaped ecological threshold with terminal is another factor leading to intensive utilization of water and land resource; (4) the idea of moderate consumption and equal allocation,continuous technique progress and better institution system are basic conditions which help to rationally utilize water and land resource. At last, it is pointed out that, combing with national conditions, urbanization is the irrevocable development trend. In order to realize sustainable development, China has to accelerate urbanization. At the same time, it is no less important to set up correct consumption and allocation ideas and promote continuously technique progress and better institution system so as to mitigate conflicts existing between urbanization and the water and land resource supply during the process.
  • Original Articles
    An Analysis of Rationality of Landuse Based on the Fuzzy Patern Recognition Theory
    WU Jian jun, YANG Si quan
    2002, 21(3): 230-236. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.005
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    The study on land use is one of the important content in global change research, and is also of the hot site in the geographical study. Taking rationality of land use of YULIN as the research object, this paper focuses on the method to classify rationality in the view of fuzzy pattern recognition theory. During the analysis, firstly, authors establish classification indexes system by choosing eight factors (cultivated land, woodland, meadow, etc) as the evaluate indexes, and then classification grade criterion determined by classifying eight factors into six grades. Moreover, values of 5,4,3,2,1 are evaluated to the eight indexes of classification grade criterion respectively. In order to evaluate rationality of land use, functions that determine the rationality subjection of fuzzy grade are established on the basis of gray system theory in this paper. In order to insure the oneness of each index of classification indexes system, the authors have transformed original data, and the ratio of land use is got from original data of each county’s land use of YULING. By using the function established in this paper, fuzzy grades matrix of each classification index are calculated, and rationality grade of land use of each county’s in YULIN is made out by using fuzzy synthetical measurement method. According to the calculation and analyses, rationality grades is made out respectively as following: YULIN, SHENMU, SHUIDE belongs to the grade of 5; HENGSHAN belongs to the grade of 4; FUGU, MIZHI, JIAXIAN, WUBAO, QINGJIAN, ZIZHOU belongs to the grade of 3; JINBIA belongs to the grade of 2; DINGBIAN belongs to the grade of 1, which is close to the fact of land use of YULIN area. This study shows: fuzzy synthetical measurement is a scientific and practical method to be used to classify the grade of land use rationality, which takes on characters of complexity, random city, uncertainty and other non line features.
  • Original Articles
    An Assessment of Regional Sustainable Development: Progress and Perspectives
    LI Li feng, ZHENG Du
    2002, 21(3): 237-248. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.006
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    The assessment of sustainability is a critical issue and a frontier in the research area of sustainable development. The paper reviews the current methodologies and theories, and identifys main difficulties and probable solutions, such as the relationship between sustainability and indicators, weighting of indicators, quantifying of indicators, substitution between different capitals, and definition of thresholds. It argues that the assessment of sustainability should be focused on certain geographical area and would be stamped with the brand of a region. Thus the indicators of sustainable development in different regions vary remarkably. It points out that socio economic development, consisting of economic, social and demographic improvements, is the main objective of regional development, but its sustainability depends on the support capability of environment, including the life support system, resource, and biodiversity. Thus, the development and its sustainability can be regarded as a two coordinate axes of the reference frame to assess regional development. Based on the methodology of barometer of sustainability, sustainability can be pictured in four different quadrants in this reference frame. Moreover, it puts forward the methodology for indicator selecting.
  • Original Articles
    A Research on Sustainable Development of Resource-based Cities under Globalization
    ZHANG Yao jun, CHENG Sheng kui, MIN Qing wen
    2002, 21(3): 249-258. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.007
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    Resource based cities are one principal type of the cities in China. Facing the globalization and the rapid development of marketing system in China, sustainable development of the resource based cities is becoming an important issue of stability of society and sustainable development of economy. Economic globalization will have impact on the distribution of resources and the integration of resource industry, and it is both opportunity and challenge to sustainable development. Based on the analysis of opportunity and challenge, the paper proposes following countermeasures: ① adapting the trend of globalization ,making good use of advantage of resources, and growing preponderant industries; ② improving the efficiency of resources use, and gradually leading resource intensive industries to technology intensive industries; ③ effectively protecting resources, and realizing sustainable use of resources and sustainable development of economy; ④ consummating market system to facilitate the reasonable use of resources. Finally, taking Tongchuan city as an example, the measures of sustainable development are put forward.
  • Original Articles
    Studies on Developmental Mode of Rural Industry in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
    YANG Xiao guang, FAN Jie, ZHANG Wen zhong
    2002, 21(3): 259-267. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.008
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    At present, Chinese government must resolve the problem of Farmer, rural and agriculture, because the problem has impeded economic development. It is very important to resolve the problem to improve the living level of farmer and promote labor force transfer from agriculture to industry. The three gorges reservoir area locates on under developed western China. Based on the truth that population is numerous and the land is scarce, we put forward that it must develop rural industry reasonably and promote the rural industrialization of reservoir area in order to improve the relationships between human and environments and promote economic development. This paper analyzes the contribution of rural industry to local economy and social development, the ownership structure and industrial structure of rural industry, the character of its size structure and the present situation of difference of industrial development and space distribution. Based on foregoing analyses, the regionalizations of the rural industry in three gorges reservoir area is done. Four different rural industry models are delineated, and countermeasures for rural industrial development are put forward according to different regions. The studies on developmental mode have not only practical effect on the development of rural economy in three gorges reservoir area, but also instructional meaning for else under developed regions in western China.
  • Original Articles
    A Study on the Divergence and Temperal-spatial Structure of Regional Economic Development in Henan Province
    HU Liang min, MIAO Chang hong, QIAO Jia jun
    2002, 21(3): 268-274. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.009
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    Since the 1980s, regional inequality in China has been one of the most important topics attracting scholars’ attention both at home and abroad. However, most studies are based on macros regions and provinces, and have paid less attention to the trends and mechanisms of regional economic divergence within provinces. Henan is a large province of nearly 100 million population, which economy has grown very fast since the reforms. However, the divergence of regional economic development in this province became more and more obvious in 1980s and 1990s and should be paid necessary attention. According to the statistical analysis of regional economic development, especially in county level, in Henan province, this article discusses the spatial pattern of regional economy, the process of the divergence change and the relationship between regional economic development and its environment. This paper finds that absolute divergence is broadening and relative one fluctuating, and that regional economy and its growth rate affects its divergence change. Through the comparison with the change of per capita GDP in county level, we find that the divergence is becoming divided. The economic divergence changes in county level express more difference to a certain extent. Regional economic development is closely related to its environments, such as regional economic strength, income, consume etc.. Finally, the authors put forward some policy suggestions to adjust and control this economic divergence.
  • Original Articles
    The Characteristics and Transformation of Urban Employment Structure in China
    TIAN Guang jin, ZHANG Zeng xiang, ZHOU Quan bin, QIAO Yan you
    2002, 21(3): 275-281. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.010
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    With the entrance of World Trade Organization and the reform of national stated enterprises, urban employment problems in China will become more serious and the study of those problems will be of more significance for urban planning and decision makers. In 1999, 40 23% people worked in manufacture fields and only 1 66% were in real estate, finance and insurancefields. The employment structure was different in different size cities. The bigger a city was, the more people were employed in the science, teaching, government, finance, insurance and real estates. The smaller a city was, the more people were employed in mining, building and manufacture. In eastern coast areas, the industries of manufacture, finance, insurance and real estates were more developed and employed more people. In western areas, the employment percentage of science, teaching and government was larger. From 1989 to 1999, the urban employment structure changed dramatically with the increment of employment in science, teaching and government. And manufacture employment increased slowly. Except for mining industry, the distribution of employment percentage was normal by Nelson calculation, so the urban specialization was lower. With urban industrial structure transformation, employment structure will be more reasonable to accelerate rapid and sustainable development of cities.
  • Original Articles
    Applications of Remote Sensing in Flooding Alleviation System in China
    SUN Shao cheng
    2002, 21(3): 282-288. https://doi.org/10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.03.011
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    This paper generalized the applications of remote sensing in flooding alleviation in the following aspects, flooding background data base construction and updating, object of flooded information extraction, flooding related models such as flooding caused loss evaluation and hazard degree of flooding, and flooding responding system. In the flooding background base construction, the data precision and sufficiency are very important for its future use, thus it concerns much with spatial and spectral resolutions of remote sensing data. The imagery with moderate and high resolution such as Land sat TM, SPOT HRV even the newly available IKONOS data, can be used. In the aspect of flooding dynamic monitoring, data with high temporal resolution is preferred. Aided by time serial analysis provided by Geographical Information System, the multiple phrases of remotely sensed images can provide the progress of flooding. The NOAA AVHRR data with 6 hours revisiting interval is frequently adopted in many flooding monitoring, including the 1998 flooding in the Changjiang (Yangtsz) River. Aero photographs with the advantages of promptness, accurate and timeliness are also used in flooding investigation, especially for gusty and small scale floods. In the studies and applications of flooding related models, remote sensing usually is used as an information source of the coefficients of the models, especially used to extract the driving data in models. In the respect of flooding responding system, remote sensing, GIS, Decision Making System, remote control system and Global Positioning System, along with modern communication techniques, are well integrated. This paper also discussed the current problems and future development of remote singing in flooding research. The various models being the key of flooding research should be regarded with much importance both in model calibration and model sharing standards. Since the flooding alleviation research is a cross disciplinary and multi disciplinary field, any improvements in its related domains will promote its study and application.