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  • Original Articles
    FENG Zhiming, LI Peng
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    Population geography is a study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration and growth of population are related to the nature of places. Long before the last century, there was no discipline called population geography. However, the early substantial relevant investigations of population geography were embodied in the traditional geography. In the first half of the 20th century, yet researches of population geography still did not become independent from human geography. The philosophy of anthropogeography of Friedrich Ratzel was inherited during the same period. After the Second World War, the studies of population geography progressively develop toward a subfield within geography. It was not until the 1950s was the science of population geography gradually established. Since then, the population geography as a branch subject has gained a persistent and fast development. Bulks of population matters are involved in the scope of population geography in the start of new millennium. Above all, some worldwide concerned and ongoing issues such as fertility and ageing, mobility and migration, and population and vulnerability have turned into hot themes lately. In the near future, population and difference, vulnerability, and spatial analysis will still be key interests of population geographers. To cope with the new challenges, the geographic scale and geographic dimensions of population problems should be emphasized, and the methodologies of spatialization of statistical population should be intensified simultaneously.
  • Original Articles
    HAN Zhigang, KONG Yunfeng, QIN Yaochen
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    Geographic representation is a fundamental problem of geography. It is a major challenge of geographical information science. From the mechanism, contents and forms of geographic representation, this article summarized the recent researches in this field. Geographic representation is an interactive process of spatial cognition, and information transformation and transport. The content of geographic representation includes four aspects: (1) geographic entity and its spatial relations, such as objects and fields entities, or topology, azimuth, measure and neighboring relations; (2) geographic uncertainty, such as the disposal of the fuzzy and non-precision problems; (3) geographic dynamics, including five driving factors, such as spatiotemporal activities, events, processes, change and movement; (4) geographic ontology, such as the disposal of the geographic concepts and knowledge. From the point of view of evolution, geographic representation goes through the development process from natural language description, map to GIS; and as the technology advances, new forms are also developed, such as virtual geographic environments, geographic augmented reality and geographic hypermedia. The limitation of current geographic representation research is also analyzed. Finally, the extensions to geographic representation are discussed from the aspect of the development of new representation methods of spatial-temporal process and the selection and collaboration of geographic representation form, etc. The perspectives of geographic representation are also proposed in theory, method and computation according to the UCGIS research plan.
  • Original Articles
    SUN Zhongwei, WANG Yang
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    Information and communication geography is an important branch of human geography. In China, the research of information and communication geography can be traced back to the “A preliminary discussion on information geography” in 1989, which was written by Ji Zengmin. After that, four development phases were underwented including problem research, special research, era research and thematic research. The information and communication geography entered a relatively active period in China since 2000. In order to let the geographer have a clearer understanding of the research results which the domestic information and communication geography obtained in nearly 10 years, to attract their attention to this new branch of human geography, and to promote the development in such researches quickly in the future, the authors took the papers in geographical journals in the past 10 years as information and examined the research achievements in geography of information and communication. Seven main research fields are identified: (1) internet geography in domestic exterior stratification, (2) new spatial pattern and structure, (3) informatization and regional economic development, (4) the inter-city or inner-city evolution under the effect of ICT, (5) ICT and spatial organization of firms, (6) ICT and human spatial behavior, and (7) website online service and location selection. Based on the review of the researches, we discovered the following characteristics of the information and communication geography in China: (1) the research groups are relatively weak; (2) the study is linmited by traditional thought, and the data and the methods are insufficient; (3) the research aims mainly at new objects, combined with traditional researches; (4) the reaserch has developed several fields, but the overall quality of the research falls behind that of overseas. Finally, the authors reviewed the research findings and presented five topics for the future, including socio-economic impact of the internet, the impact of ICT on the spatial organization, coupling mechanism between geographical space and cyberspace and geocyberspace, space of flows and nature of mobility, and regional policy issues associated with information society.
  • Original Articles
    LIU He, LIU Yi
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    Petrochemical industry occupies an important position in the national economy, and is related to national economic security, political security and national security. Spatial organization of petrochemical industry is one of the most important research fields of industrial sector geography, and it is necessary to review its developing history, appraise its research progress and discuss its future developing trends. After clarifying the basic contents and spatial organization of petrochemical industry, the paper narrated the research history and the latest research progress of petrochemical industry’s spatial organization from different studying field, including: (1)location factor and its mechanism, (2) spatial organization patterns of petrochemical industry, (3) spatial organization of transnational oil companies, and (4) spatial organization of petrochemical industry cluster. Then the paper summarized and evaluated its research progress. The study suggests that the future research of China's petrochemical industry’s spatial organization should be strengthened in the following aspects: Firstly, in terms of research scale, the future research should be based on global, national and regional spatial scales to study the spatial organization of petrochemical industry and its evolution mechanisms. Secondly, in terms of research perspectives, the future research should be based on the perspectives of multinational companies and industrial clusters to study the spatial organization pattern and the internal mechanism of transnational oil companies and major petrochemical industrial clusters. Thirdly, in terms of research contents, the future research should be based on the review of evolution history and judgments of evolution phase, combined with studies on the development and problems of China's petrochemical industry, to optimize the spatial organization of petrochemical industry in China.
  • Original Articles
    YANG Dewei, YANG Zhiyou, CUI Shenghui, LUO Tao
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    Researches on the pattern, process and mechanism of urban system become the focus and hotspots under the background of rapid urbanization, regional integration and global environmental change. The urban system researches from the perspective of geo-ecological processes are reviewed, including urban spatial and human processes, system metabolism and efficiency and competition-cooperation situation. The article indicatestthat the most important future direction focuses on deep analyses of geo-spatial processes, micro-object behaviors, spatial environmental responses, human-driving mechanism by comprehensive macro- and micro-means. The review will contribute to understanding the emphases and direction of future urban researches, and grasping the pattern, processes and mechanism of urban evolution, and thus be beneficial to guiding urban spatial management and responding to rapid urbanization and global warming.
  • Original Articles
    LIU Aiwen, ZHAO Xueyan, ZHANG Wenting
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    For different types of goods and different commercial locations, the factors that affect shopping decision-making are analyzed through the survey questionnaires on the shopping behaviors of residents in Lanzhou City. By building diversification index of shopping information channels and assessment index of shopping decision-making factors, the factors that affect residents' behavior of purchasing different types of commodities are assessed.
    We analysed the factors affecting the decision-making in different commercial centers by the cognitive index of commercial centers and the evolutional index of shopping factors. We concluded that: (1) the acquisition of shopping information for different products has different channels, and the higher the commodity quality, the less the channel to have shopping information. Factor evaluation index shows regular changes of increasing or decreasing, accompanied by the changes of commodity quality; (2) the decision to purchase different types of goods is affected by different factors, and when the quality of goods improves, the visibility and quality index of goods increases gradually, the accessibility gradually decreases and the psychological factors evaluation index also increases; (3) residents have different cognitive levels to different commercial centers and are affected by different decision-making factors to choose different commercial centers. The traditional commercial centers, due to transportation and cognitive advantages, occupy the dominant positions in Lanzhou City.
  • Original Articles
    CHANG Genying, LI Man, XI Yahong, LIU Shupeng
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    Based on questionnaire survey and interviews, this paper analyzed socio-demographic and psychological mechanisms of the attitude of the Chinese public to the policy of prohibiting using thin and costless plastic bags by using path analysis method. It is found that among four socio-demographic variables (sex, age, family income, and educational level), only educational level was positively and significantly correlated with the attitude, explaining 0.9% of the variances in the attitude. Psychological variables could predict the attitude much better than socio-demographic variables. Collectivism and environmental value were the antecedents of the attitude, explaining 6.3% of the variance. Environmental value was followed by collectivism, postmaterialist value orientation, general environmental knowledge, and plastic bags-specific environmental knowledge. It is found as well that the attitude to the policy of prohibiting using thin and costless plastic bags could predict the intention of buyers to bring shopping bags by themselves. It is argued that environmental attitude-behavior theories derived from western social practices can be used in China. However, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of environmental attitudes and behaviors in transitional China with the public having changing and unstable world outlooks and environmental values, and to develop China-specific models since western models are based on stable social cognition of environmental problems.
  • Original Articles
    MENG Xiaochen, WANG Tao, WANG Jiaying
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    The spatial organization of industries is the main force in shaping the urban spatial structure and is the result of balance between forces of agglomeration and dispersion. With the knowledge of spatial organization of urban industries, the underlying mechanism of the evolution of the urban spatial structure can be better understood, and proper urban planning or zoning can be achieved. However, the characteristics of the spatial organization of industries have not been discussed in depth. This paper aimed at the classification and characteristics of the industrial spatial organization in cities with two considerations: industrial concentration and geographical agglomeration. Industrial concentration reveals the extent to which the market of industries is competitive, which in a way contributes to the geographical concentration of industries. Geographical agglomeration is attributable to the external economies of scale which is the main force for the formation of industrial clusters. In methodology, this paper measures industrial concentration by Herfindal-Herschman index (HHI), which provides a complete picture of industrial concentration by calculating the sum of squared employment shares. Geographical agglomeration is measured by MS index based on the probabilistic model of location choice developed by Maurel and Sedillot. The study case is Beijing which is divided into 1049 geographical units (4 km ×4 km) for spatial research. With the economic census data of Beijing in 2001, this paper examines the patterns of spatial organization of industries by analyzing two aforementioned dimensions. This paper classifies 29 2-digit manufacturing industries and 40 2-digit service industries into 6 patterns of oli-cluster, oli-disperse, leading-cluster, leading-disperse, competing-cluster and competing-disperse. The oli-cluster pattern features oligopolistic market and geographical agglomeration. The oli-disperse pattern features oligopolistic market and geographical dispersion. The leading-cluster pattern features less competitive market and geographical agglomeration. The leading-disperse pattern features less competitive market and geographical dispersion. The competing-cluster pattern features competitive market and geographical agglomeration. The competing-disperse pattern features competitive market and geographical dispersion. Sample industries from every pattern are analyzed, and factors responsible for each pattern are discussed in short. Finally, a comparison between manufacturing industries and service industries was made regarding patterns of spatial organization, and the findings include that manufacturing industries and service industries have similar structure of industrial concentration while a larger proportion of manufacturing industries is geographically dispersed compared to service industries. Moreover, the mean values of HHI from manufacturing industries across three classifications types are close to that from service industries while the mean values of MS index from manufacturing industries across two classification types are significantly higher than that from service industries.
  • Original Articles
    ZHAO Hui, YANG Jun, LIU Changping, WANG Ke
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    Based on the data from a survey, we construct two methods to measure the degree of jobs-housing misbalance, simulate commuting time/distance based on frequency distribution method, and measure the degree of jobs-housing misbalance using “jobs-housing misbalance intensity index”. According to the measurement model and calculation results, it is found that (1) the commuting time of sampling areas generally increases. The commuting time of the inhabitants living along suburb rail lines is around 40 minutes or more, and the commuting time of houseowners is significantly higher than that of the tenants; (2) compared with other residents, those who live alongside the rail lines have longer commuting distance, especially for those living in the large suburb residential areas; (3) variance in the commuting distance of suburb residents is relatively higher, and the commuting time and its variation are different between suburban and urban areas, and within different sampling areas; (4) based on the variations, the formation and developing mechanisms of the particularity of samples have been analyzed, and the influence of rail transit on the distribution of jobs and residence has also been studied.
  • Original Articles
    ZHOU Duhui, LI Tongsheng, Hasbagen, YANG Wei
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    Based on BP network model, GIS technology and Grey correlation model, this paper makes a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic development at the county level, and reveals the characteristics and the laws of spatial disparities in the socio-economic development in Shaanxi province. The results show that the county level comprehensive development has a convex curve, which indicates that the strong trends stronger, and the weak trends weaker, with the middle and low level areas concentrated. The regional spatial structure presents that county level comprehensive development increases from south to north and shows a “U”-shaped pattern from west to east in space. In addition, the regional spatial forms have three types, namely the "Shaft", "Gathering area "and" Shaft-gathering area", and the distribution shows a clear hierarchy. Further studies suggest that internal and external factors are two main driving forces for the spatial disparities of county level comprehensive development.
  • Original Articles
    XIAO Lei, HUANG Jinchuan, SUN Guiyan
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    Based on non-agricultural population data 1985-2007 of Jingjinji Metropolitan Region, this paper applies various quantitative methods, including scale-rank law, ROXY law, and gravitational model, to systematically analyze temporal-spatial characteristics of the evolution of the scale structure and spatial structure in urban system. Results show that although Jingjinji Metropolitan Region has the “dual core” structure, it was decentralized since 1985, the proportion of Beijing and Tianjin reduced gradually. The Beijing and Tianjin axis is the most important urban area around which formed the ring structure of urban influence. The influences of cites in Hebei are much smaller, especially the northern and western area of the region get fewer develop driven force. At last the spatial structure is developing more and more efficient, while the structure was led by the “dual core”, the city of Shijiazhuang and Tangshan have become the sub-region centre, and two belts of Qinhuangdao-Tangshan-Beijing-Baoding-Shijiazhuang and Caofeidian-Binhai-huanghua coastal area gradually appear.
  • Original Articles
    XIONG Wei, XU Yilun, WANG Yingying
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    By using spatial autocorrelation analysis and statistical indicators, this paper uses a composite index constituted by 23 economic indicators for 67 counties in 1999-2007, to carry out a preliminary study on the changes in the spatial pattern evolution and the characteristics of the county level economies. The following results are obtained. First, the economic development has a strong spatial autocorrelation and the regional economic differences will increase in the future. The level of economic development and the trend of “polarization” are consistent. By the LISA analysis we can know that the counties tend to have the similar trends of narrowing the disparities of regional economy, and the disparities between the south and the north are the main reason resulting in regional economic disparities. Moreover, polarization and Dumbbell-shaped pattern will develop further because of the cumulative effects.
  • Original Articles
    BAI Kai, ZHANG Chunhui, ZHENG Rongjuan, XIA Xue
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    Color affects people’s emotional state and choice intentions. When the destination image is colored and given a certain meaning, it will be a powerful tool for the destination brand positioning, the image design and the marketing strategy planning. By using the method of correspondence analysis and interviews, taking the cross-culture tourists’ color cognition about Chinese destination image as the research object, this paper concluded that, first, the color cognition of cross-culture tourists about Chinese destination image is basically accordant, and red, yellow, and green are the most common choice. Second, the cognitive structure of destination image color has a progressive attribution. Third, tourism experience makes the color cognition about destination image tend to be the same as the cultural background of the destination. Fourth, destination entity image is the main reason for the color cognition to transform. Finally, the paper indicated the defects of this study and put forward some suggestions for the future research.
  • Original Articles
    FENG Ling, SHI Peihua, LIU Jiafeng
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    By searching the information in Chinese Core Journal Series, Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index(CSSCI) and Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), for the purpose of describing the process and progress of modern tourism research in China, a comprehensive statistical study of domestic tourism journals and papers in the past 30 years was carried out. The results showed that the three major databases indexed 429 Chinese journals involved in tourism research and 16791 papers about tourism with economic and geographic research for application as the two main directions. Tourism paper publication can be divided into four periods according to the number of articles and the relevant fields. Before 1990, tourism research fields expanded rapidly, covering 89.2% of all the directions, while the post-2000 period had the largest number of papers, accounting for 71.42% of the total. Most of the papers were submitted from colleges and universities, followed by the institutes. Paper publication can reflect the progress of Chinese tourism research. It can be concluded that rapid development of tourism industry resulted in great achievements in tourism research since the national reform and opening up in 1978. Chinese modern tourism research originated from traditional disciplines such as geography and economics, and gradually formed a inter-disciplinary and application-oriented subject. The research outcomes has been booming after 2000, while the disciplinary framework was constructed before 1990. Professional academic institutions became the principal organizations for studying. In the future, there are four main challenges: to enhance the status of tourism science, to strengthen fundamental research, to build the unique disciplinary system and to inteping; and to improve the research quality.
  • Original Articles
    WANG Degen, CHEN Tian
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    Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and cluster analysis and establishing a three-level indicator system of regional tourism competitiveness, this paper measures and analyses tourism competitiveness in the three circles economic in eastern coastal region of China. By measuring the differences of tourism competitiveness from the angle of I (O) coefficient, the study reveals the differences of tourism development among the provinces and the three circles in eastern coastal China using 9 secondary indicators, and recognizes the spatial disparity of tourism competitiveness in eastern coastal China, and on the basis of which, tentative countermeasures for implanting and upgrading regional tourism competitiveness are put forward.