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  • Special Column: High-quality Development of Digital Economy, Regional Culture and Tourism
    TANG Chengcai, MEI Jianghai, SHANGGUAN Lingyi, ZHENG Qianqian, LIU Limei
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 1894-1912. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.001

    New quality productive forces are key factors for the national development strategy, important powers to promote the deep integration of the digital economy and real economy, and the new dynamic energies for the development of the cultural tourism industry. New quality productive forces of the cultural tourism industry are the key forces to crack the dilemma of traditional cultural tourism development and enhance the resilience of the cultural tourism industry. There is a great need to build a research framework for digital cultural tourism based on the new round of technological revolution and industrial change. This study took connotation analysis-research progress-hot topics as the logical framework, and systematically examined and summarized the research results of digital cultural tourism from the aspects of conceptualization, development, hot topics, review, and prospect. The results show that: 1) Studies have defined the basic concept of digital cultural tourism from the perspective of digital technology, cultural tourism consumption, and cultural tourism industrialization, and digital cultural tourism has positively contributed to the high-quality development of cultural tourism and cultural tourism consumption experience. 2) The development of digital cultural tourism has gone through three phases of budding exploration, initial development, and explosive growth, and academic research and industrial practice have maintained a close connection. 3) The new generation of digital technologies has profoundly influenced the research content of digital cultural tourism, and the research results of digital cultural tourism are summarized based on subject-object-medium. 4) Digital cultural tourism research presents the development trend of combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, and mathematical and statistical methods, questionnaire survey, experiment, and case study are the main methods of digital cultural tourism research. 5) The study areas are often meso and micro scales, involving specific regions, cultural heritage sites, and tourist attractions. Finally, this study provides a prospect for the future of digital cultural tourism research from strengthening theoretical research, enriching research content, expanding research areas, and innovating research methods. The results contribute to enriching the theoretical system of digital cultural tourism research, promoting the high-quality development of digital cultural tourism, and implementing the digital China strategy.

  • Articles
    CUI Yanjuan, LI Xianglin, LIU Yan, ZHANG Tingting
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2025, 44(1): 144-156. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2025.01.011

    Green finance is also called environmental finance or sustainability finance. As an important kind of financial development, green finance focuses on the win-win situation between the environment and economic growth by supporting the environmental protection industry. On the other hand, the green low-carbon transformation development can form diversified green capital needs, which will induce financial institutions to adjust products and services structure, innovate green finance service models and application scenarios with ecological concepts, and this will promote the development of green finance. Therefore, the concept and practice of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation are highly consistent, and there is an inherent logic of coordination and mutual promotion. However, there is limited literature on the coupling and coordination relationship between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and the research on influencing factors needs more in-depth discussions. To reveal the status of coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, this study used the entropy method to measure the level of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and introduced the coupling and coordination degree model, geodetector, and ArcGIS technology to explore the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation based on the data of Hunan Province from 2013 to 2021. The results show that the coupling and coordination degree between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation in Hunan Province was on the rise year by year, and continued to improve over time. The status was transiting to a coordinated stage step by step. The coupling and coordination degree in various regions showed a relatively consistent trend with the entire province. The coupling and coordination degree exhibited spatial agglomeration characteristics and presented a green development pattern radiating from Changsha City to the surrounding areas. The spatial differentiation of the coupling and coordination degree was obvious, greater in the eastern region than the western region, and in the northern region than the southern region. However, the growth speed in the western and southern regions was higher than that in the eastern and northern regions. The geodetector test results show that the coupling and coordination degree was influenced by factors of economic development, financial development scale, green R&D investment, digital infrastructure, and regional openness. Among them, the explanatory power of green R&D investment and financial development scale was greater than other factors, and both of them were the driving factors for the coupling and coordination between green financial development and green low-carbon transformation. The research may enable governments to clearly understand the integrated pattern of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, so as to provide a decision-making reference for the integrated development of green financial development and green low-carbon transformation, and a reliable theoretical basis for cultivating new quality productivity according to local conditions to promote high-quality development.

  • Articles
    ZHAO Ziyu, YUAN Zexin, WANG Shijun, WEI Ye
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(7): 1261-1272. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.07.001

    Based on the background of the formation of new quality productivity, this study took intelligent manufacturing, biomedicine, and green environmental protection industry in strategic emerging industries as examples, constructed new quality productive function networks by using enterprise foreign investment data up to 2023, and applied the social network analysis method to examine the spatial structure characteristics and influencing factors of urban new quality productive function networks in China. The findings are as follows: 1) Compared with previous urban network studies, the networks of new quality productive function do not show a "diamond structure", and the medium and high intensity network links are radiation-type spatial connections with Beijing at the core. 2) The results of influencing factor analysis show that provincial boundaries have a negative impact on all three kinds of networks, but the negative effect of spatial distance does not occur in the intelligent manufacturing network. Due to the construction of major regional high-speed transportation infrastructure in China, the impact of spatial distance on intercity investment in new quality productive function networks is relatively weak. However, administrative barriers and the hindrance effect of provincial boundaries still play a significant role. 3) The study distinguished the impact of socioeconomic-related variables on the spatial structure of urban networks in the cities where investments are sent and the cities where investments are received, and found that the impact of different variables in these networks are significantly different, reflecting the differences in the development of different industries, especially in the spatial choice behavior of foreign investment. This study revealed the changing characteristics of China's urban network spatial structure in the context of the formation of new quality productivity, which has academic significance for improving the scientific understanding of the general law of the evolution of spatial structure of China's urban system in the context of new development. Empirical cases enrich the research topics of new quality productivity. This study provides a research perspective for urban geography to actively respond to the major strategic needs of national development and the main battlefield of service economy.

  • Theory Discussion
    CHEN Mingxing, TANG Shujuan, LU Dadao, CHEN Liangkan, XIAN Yue
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(12): 2327-2336. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.12.001

    Space is a fundamental concept in geography and the traditions of geographical thought. With the continuous advancement of the information technology revolution, our understanding of space is also evolving, leading to the emergence of the concept of the space of flows. This concept has become a new perspective for understanding globalization, global cities, and the spatial organization of socioeconomic activities in the new era. This article reviewed and analyzed the proposition, evolution of the connotation, and expansion in the field of geography of the concept of space of flows. Through application cases at four different geographical scales—global, national, city, and individual—the article demonstrated the unique explanatory power of the space of flows in understanding real-world problems. The space of flows transcends the limitations of the space of places, emphasizing the importance of various "flows" in the spatial organization of urban systems and socioeconomic activities. It explores new epistemological and methodological innovations in understanding space, which is significantly essential for modern geography's innovative development. It also contributes to promoting the interdisciplinary integration of geographical science in the new era.

  • Reviews
    XING Zuge, HE Canfei
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1839-1852. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.012

    Since the beginning of the 21st century, the phenomenon of global regional inequality has been continuously exacerbated, posing severe challenges to regional sustainable development. Regional inequality is a classic proposition in economic geography, and its concepts and research frameworks are constantly being updated. Solving the problem of regional development inequality is an important prerequisite for promoting high-quality regional development. However, existing research lacks systematic understanding of regional inequality. Based on this situation, this article reviewed the development process and perspective shift of international research on regional inequality, and outlined the prospects for the direction of regional inequality research through comparative analysis of international trends and situations in China. The research findings are as follows: 1) Regional inequality research has gone through four stages: the early emerging stage (before the end of the 19th century), the single perspective stage (from the early 20th century to the mid-20th century), the dual perspective stage (from the mid-20th century to the end of the 20th century), and the dynamic perspective stage (since the 21st century). The research perspective has shifted from convergence and divergence to dynamic openness. 2) With the increasing integration of regions into the global system, regional inequality research has shifted from economic inequality to multidimensional inequality, from static equilibrium to exogenous shocks, and from localization to a "global-local" interactive perspective, with continuously expanding breadth and depth of research. 3) The current trend of paradigm shift in regional inequality research is reflected in the improvement of measurement methods, integration with the modern economic geography schools, and attention to scale effects. 4) Future research on regional inequality urgently needs to integrate and draw on theories and methods from multiple disciplines, explore issues such as the synergistic effects of internal and external factors on regional inequality, dynamic evolutionary trends and cyclical effects, as well as interactions of multiple scales of power and mechanisms of feedback among diverse entities.

  • Articles
    GUO Yi, ZENG Gang, CHEN Pengxin, WAN Yuanyuan
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1681-1695. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.001

    Regional development disparity is an eternal research topic of economic geography. Taking the Yangtze River Delta, a high-quality integrated development demonstration area, as the research object, this study examined the dynamic change of regional economic development disparities during the expansion of the spatial scope of Yangtze River Delta integration, and further used the difference-in-differences method, mediation effect model, and spatial Durbin model to empirically test the impact of the implementation of the Yangtze River Delta integration policy on regional economic development disparities and the mechanism of impact. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The expansion of the spatial scope of Yangtze River Delta integration has caused an increase in the economic development disparity within the region. However, with the continuous promotion of Yangtze River Delta integration, the imbalance of economic development within the region has been effectively improved, and it showed a long-term trend of narrowing. 2) From the perspective of geographic locations, the Yangtze River Delta integration policy has played an important role in promoting the development of remote and economically weak areas within the planning scope. 3) From the regional boundary perspective, the Yangtze River Delta integration policy has had a significant border effect, reducing the strategic and transportation positions of cities with similar geographic locations around the Yangtze River Delta that are not within the scope of the integration plan, and having a negative impact on their development. 4) Mechanism analysis showed that the implementation of the Yangtze River Delta integration policy has narrowed the regional economic development disparity mainly by transaction cost effect, technology spillover effect, and industrial optimization effect. Under the background of building a national high-quality development model area and a world-class urban agglomeration, this study provides a theoretical support and empirical evidence for further improving the framework of Yangtze River Delta integration, and exploring replicable regional high-quality integrated development models.

  • Articles
    ZHANG Yifan, ZHU Shengjun, HE Canfei
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(8): 1471-1480. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.08.001

    Current literature on regional industrial evolution has paid much attention to the impact of regional external linkages but strategic coupling, as an important variable in the global production network framework, has received little discussion. In view of this deficiency, this study employed the panel data of nine cities of Pearl River Delta from 2003 to 2016 to examine the impact of strategic coupling on the entry dynamics of regional industry, and empirically demonstrate the moderating effect of technological density of local industries on this process. The results show that: 1) Regional external linkages have a significant impact on industrial entry, and the strategic coupling with strong dependency has a negative effect on the formation of new paths of industrial development. 2) Technological relatedness has a positive moderating effect on the impact of strategic coupling on regional industrial entry, the role of strategic coupling impact on regional industrial dynamics changed after the 2008 financial crisis, and the importance of the local enterprises' technological innovation is further highlighted. This study quantitatively explored the strategic coupling patterns of nine cities in the Pearl River Delta, and empirically demonstrated the impact of strategic coupling on the dynamics of industrial entry, which is meaningful for promoting the fusion of relational economic geography and evolutionary economic geography.

  • Articles
    TANG Yunqi, WANG Lingxiao, ZHAO Lin, LI Yan, LI Zhibin, LIU Shibo, ZOU Defu, WANG Zishan, LIU Tong, DING Jiayi, ZHAO Jianting
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(7): 1441-1455. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.07.013

    In recent years, the rapid expansion of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has attracted widespread attention, and a number of studies have systematically analyzed the dynamics of changes in large lakes with areas greater than 1 km2. However, the distribution and changes of smaller lakes and ponds formed due to permafrost degradation at the watershed scale have not yet been clarified. In this study, using optical and radar images, we systematically investigated the distribution and changes of lakes and ponds (< 1 km2) in the Three Rivers Source Region and their relationship with permafrost degradation, and for the first time examined the distribution of taliks at the bottom of the lakes and ponds. The results show that: 1) The total area of lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region in the 2020s (2020-2022) amounted to 917.03 km2, and the total number of lakes and ponds was 61608. The Yangtze River source area had the highest number of lakes and ponds, reaching 48987, followed by the Yellow River source area with 12459, and the Lancang River source area had the smallest number of lakes and ponds. 2) Compared with the 1960s, the number of lakes and ponds smaller than 1 km2 in the Three Rivers Source Region increased by 76% in the 2020s, and the total area increased by 13%. Although the expansion of lakes and ponds in the Yangtze River source area was obvious, some lakes and ponds in the Yellow River source area and the Lancang River source area experienced shrinkage. Of the lakes and ponds observed in the 1960s, 53% still existed in the 2020s. 3) Of the lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region, 80.9% have taliks at their bottoms in winter, including 78.2% in the Yangtze River source area, 90.8% in the Yellow River source area, and 98.7% in the Lancang River source area. In the permafrost zone, half of the lakes and ponds with taliks at their bottoms existed in the 1960s, and fewer new lakes and ponds have taliks at their bottoms in winter. Currently, the extent of floating-ice lakes and ponds is much larger than the extent of grounded-ice lakes and ponds, which may further accelerate the thawing of the underlying permafrost. The findings of this study can provide a basis for analyzing the state of permafrost degradation and contribute to understanding the links between permafrost degradation and the development of thermokarst lakes and ponds, as well as serve as basic data for the study of carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes and ponds in the plateau region.

  • Special Column: Regional and Urban Spatial Reconstruction under the Influence of Flows
    SHAN Zhuoran, XU Miao, YUAN Man
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2025, 44(1): 17-33. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2025.01.002

    With the in-depth development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, intelligent manufacturing equipment has become an important force to promote the high-quality development of industry, and the study of its production and supply relationship is of great significance to optimize the distribution of new quality productivity.Based on the data of core enterprises and suppliers in China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from 2010 to 2023, this study explored the spatial change characteristics of production-supply relationships of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from three dimensions: production and supply linkage, production and supply network, and production and supply cluster by Pareto analysis and k-kernel analysis. The results are as follows: 1) The number and intensity of enterprise connections were increasing, and 700-1800 km was the general distance of production and supply connection of intelligent manufacturing equipment enterprises. The pattern of intercity production and supply links evolved from the shape of dual core radiation, triangle, to bow and arrow in China, and there were similarities and differences in the dominant flow of intercity production and supply links. The strong production and supply links between enterprises gradually shifted from intracity to intercity, and the number of export-oriented cities increased rapidly. 2) For more than a decade, the structure of the intercity production and supply network of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has become increasingly compact and complex. After 2015, the city hierarchy of the intercity production and supply network has moved from a "pyramid" to a flat structure. 3) The number of production and supply clusters of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has increased from 21 to 29. The production and supply cluster of the Yangtze River Delta has always maintained a leading position, the production and supply clusters of the Pearl River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Shandong Peninsula have developed steadily, and the status of the production and supply clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing region have significantly improved. The pattern of association of node cities within the clusters can be divided into five types: Single center, one core and multiple subordinates, two cores and multiple subordinates, multi-center, and low-level equilibrium, and the node association patterns within the clusters have showed spatiotemporal heterogeneity from 2010 to 2023.

  • Special Column: High-quality Development of Digital Economy, Regional Culture and Tourism
    ZHENG Qianqian, TANG Chengcai, ZHANG Ying
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 1956-1973. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.005

    Digital empowerment for the deep integration of rural culture and tourism is an important initiative for the upgrading of rural industries and the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas in the context of the digital economy. Taking Wusi Village in Zhejiang Province as an example, this study applied the actor network theory to explore the process and mechanism of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment. The results show that: 1) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is a dynamic process in which multiple subjects participate and play with each other in three stages: initial exploration, rapid development, and deep integration. In the process of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village, the village committee continues to play a key role, the role of market players such as cultural and tourism enterprise is gradually increasing, and the degree of association of rural residents with the network of actors is gradually deepening. 2) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is driven by a dynamic circular mechanism consisting of the rural core system and the peripheral system as the integration basis, digital technology and digital platform as the integration support, governmental, societal, and local forces formed by the interaction of multiple actors as the integration actor, and the deep integration of the rural cultural and tourism resources, products, industries, factors, markets, and values as the integration content. 3) The high-level cyclic development of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment is the result of the release of strong effects of both the mechanisms of action and reaction of the integration support and integration actor, and that of the integration actor and integration content. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical experience for the high-quality development of rural digital cultural tourism, the upgrading of rural industries, and comprehensive rural revitalization.

  • Articles
    SONG Weixuan, WANG Fuping, WANG Yi, WANG Hui
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(12): 2470-2481. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.12.011

    Urban affordable housing communities are often located in suburbs, and these large communities have increasingly become focal points in urban social geography research due to the unique social, economic, and cultural attributes of their residents, the impact of affordable housing communities on residents' employment, lifestyle, and behavioral patterns, as well as the urban social-spatial issues such as residential spatial differentiation and resource distribution disparities induced by the construction of affordable housing. To address the deficiencies in relevant existing studies, including the lack of big data, comprehensive samples, and multi-dimensional, small-scale analyses, this study selected Daishan, the largest affordable housing area in Nanjing City, as the research object. Using 21 residential communities (groups) within the area as spatial units, and utilizing mobile user profiles and questionnaire survey data, combined with social, spatial, behavioral, and perceptual factors, this study investigated the social-spatial characteristics and issues of large affordable housing districts on urban outskirts. The findings reveal that the Daishan area exhibits characteristics such as aggregation of vulnerable groups, insufficient service facilities, heavy commuting burdens, and weak community belonging. While the social space across the area is relatively homogeneous, residents of communities with high concentration of public rental housing have the poorest economic conditions. Conversely, areas with better environmental and residential quality tend to house high-income young professionals. Future development in the area must pay attention to potential risks such as the perpetuation of poverty, community decline, and social discrimination. By integrating big data and conventional data sources to explore social spaces on a fine-grained spatial scale, this approach effectively compensates for the deficiencies of traditional data sources, such as socioeconomic statistics and sample questionnaire survey. This enables a nuanced exploration of urban social-spatial phenomena, providing detailed and authentic insights into the complexities and issues within social spaces.

  • Special Column: High-quality Development of Digital Economy, Regional Culture and Tourism
    XIONG Haitao, JIANG Yilin, SHI Jinlian
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 1913-1928. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.002

    Against the backdrop of globalization and informatization, digital transformation is not only crucial for cultural and tourism enterprises to enhance service quality and competitiveness but also an inevitable path to achieving high-quality development. Leveraging the theory of complex network evolutionary games, this study constructed a diffusion model for the digital transformation strategies of cultural and tourism enterprises. It delved into the impact of government subsidies on the digital transformation behavior of these enterprises across different regional economic development levels. The findings underscore the significant role of government subsidies in fostering digital transformation among cultural and tourism enterprises. These subsidies expedited decision-making processes and widened the economic disparity between transformed and non-transformed enterprises. Furthermore, the study revealed that the prosperity of the regional economy shaped the decision-making landscape for cultural and tourism enterprises, with those situated in economically developed regions exhibiting a greater propensity to embrace digital transformation. However, as the regional economy attains a certain threshold, the stimulatory effect of government subsidies may diminish, potentially slowing down the pace of digital transformation. This research offers insights for governments to formulate targeted subsidy policies, while also providing theoretical underpinnings and practical guidance for cultural and tourism enterprises to capitalize on the opportunities presented by digital transformation and attain high-quality development. By bridging the gap between policy formulation and corporate strategy, this study contributes to the advancement of the cultural and tourism industry in the digital age.

  • Special Column: Regional and Urban Spatial Reconstruction under the Influence of Flows
    CAO Xianzhong, LYU Lei
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2025, 44(1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2025.01.001

    With the rapid development of the digital economy, it is of great significance to explore the impact of digital technology innovation networks on regional economic resilience. Taking 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta as the example, this study used the data of digital technology innovation cooperation patents and economic and social development from 2010 to 2021, and the social network analysis method and economic resilience measurement index, to describe the temporal and spatial change characteristics of digital technology innovation networks and economic resilience in cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and empirically test the influence of the structural characteristics of digital technology innovation networks on urban economic resilience. The results show that: 1) The cooperation degree of digital technology innovation in the Yangtze River Delta was constantly increasing, and it has gradually evolved into a core-periphery structure and a cohesive subgroup structure. The economic resilience of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta has been steadily increasing through the study period, but the spatial differences were gradually increasing. 2) Degree centrality and closeness centrality of digital technology innovation networks in Yangtze River Delta cities had a significant positive effect on the promotion of urban economic resilience, while betweenness centrality had a negative impact on economic resilience. Robustness test also showed that this conclusion is valid. 3) Compared with the central cities, the digital technology innovation network in peripheral cities had a greater impact on their economic resilience, and the degree of intermediary centrality was more significant, which was quite different from that in core cities. This study is useful for clarifying the relationship between digital technology innovation networks and economic resilience, and exploring the path to enhance regional economic resilience.

  • Reviews
    CAO Zhi, HUANG Yijia
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1853-1864. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.013

    Land is the spatial foundation and material carrier of urban and rural development, and rural land use optimization has become an important breakthrough point in solving rural land use problems and promoting rural revitalization. In the middle and late stages of urbanization, urban and rural governance has entered the "deep water zone", and rural land use optimization needs to be supported by systematic research. In this study, we built a theoretical cognition and mechanism analysis framework of "element-structure-function" of rural territorial system from the perspective of systems theory, comprehensively examined the rural land use problems, and put forward the optimization paths of rural land use considering the types of problems. The results show that: 1) Rural territorial system consists of kernel elements such as water, soil, air, life, rocks and minerals, and exogenous elements such as capital, technology, information and data, as well as dual-attribute elements such as human beings and infrastructure, etc. The different quantities and qualities of the elements form the structure of the rural territorial system. Among it, the passive structure and the motivational structure influence and shape each other, and assume the two-way conduction role of regulating the rural elements, optimising the rural structure and enhancing the rural functions. 2) Based on the theory of rural territorial system, the current land use problems include passive structure constraints that limit the demand for land requirements in terms of the structure of resources and the environment, motivational structure imbalance that limits the efficiency and quality of land use due to the mismatch between the policy and institutional system in the social structure and the demand for the development of the economic structure at a higher level, and the comprehensive problem of the lack of coordination between the objective supportive conditions of the passive structure and the socioeconomic condition that affects the sustainable land use. 3) The current land use optimization strategies include moderate land-scale operation by means of land transfer and remediation, spatial optimization and management improvement, and land ecological value excavation. This study provides a reference for solving rural land use problems, enhancing the efficiency of rural land use, and promoting rural transformation and revitalization.

  • Articles
    LIU Lingling, ZHANG Mingjun, WANG Zhilan, CHE Cunwei, TIAN Yuanyuan, LU Rui
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(8): 1585-1596. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.08.009

    Based on the measured precipitation stable isotope data and related meteorological data in Lanzhou City from April 2019 to October 2022, this study used the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model to systematically examine the characteristics of variation of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of precipitation and the difference of isotopes between day and night under different types of precipitation events (convective precipitation, stratiform precipitation), and trace the water vapor sources. The results show that: 1) Both δ2H and δ18O in precipitation presented a trend of enrichment and then depletion, while d-excess in convective precipitation showed a trend of depletion and then enrichment during the daytime and continuous depletion at night, and d-excess in stratiform precipitation all showed a trend of depletion and then enrichment. 2) The local atmospheric water line slope (8.01) and intercept (15.55) of convective precipitation at night were the largest and closer to the global atmospheric water line, while the local atmospheric water line slope (6.81) and intercept (4.08) of stratiform precipitation during the day were the smallest, indicating that stratiform precipitation was more susceptible to evaporative fractionation. 3) There was a positive correlation between air temperature and δ18O values, and the influence on the daytime stratiform precipitation isotope was most significant (r=0.59, P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between relative humidity and δ18O values, and the most significant effect was on the isotopic values of convective precipitation at night (r=-0.52, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between precipitation and precipitation isotope during the day, but a negative correlation at night (r=-0.26, P<0.05). 4) In the summer half year (April to October) in Lanzhou, the precipitation-producing water vapor mainly comes from Central Asia, Mongolia, and other northern regions and is transported to Lanzhou through the control of the westerlies and continental air masses, and only a small part of it is affected by the southwest monsoon. The results of this study can provide a new perspective for exploring the key drivers of precipitation isotope change in arid areas, and have important significance for modern climate research and water resources management.

  • Special Column: High-quality Development of Digital Economy, Regional Culture and Tourism
    YANG Xiaoyan, SONG Rui
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 1943-1955. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.004

    The digital economy is an important driver of the development of the tourism industry. In order to analyze the multidimensional transmission mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on the development of the tourism industry, this study used the panel data of 30 provinces (data of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are temporarily unavailable) in China's mainland from 2012 to 2019, and the panel benchmark regression model, the mediation effect model, and the spatial econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis. The results show that: 1) The digital economy played a significant role in promoting the development of the tourism industry. 2) Consumer demand, technological innovation, and institutional change were the important pathways of the digital economy affecting the development of the tourism industry. Among these three factors, consumer demand and technological innovation had a partial mediation effect, and institutional change had a masking effect. 3) Under the condition of a certain spatial weight, the digital economy had a spatial spillover effect on the development of the tourism industry, and the digital economy had a siphon effect on the development of the tourism industry in the adjacent areas of informatization, but had no obvious spatial spillover effect on the geographically adjacent areas. This paper can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for further deepening the integration of digital economy and tourism industry, and promoting high-quality development of the tourism industry.

  • Articles
    SUN Pingjun
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1696-1713. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.002

    Urban shrinkage effect exists simultaneously as the cause and result of urban shrinkage, which is the premise and basis for revealing the context and mechanism of the formation of shrinking cities and scientifically formulating response strategies. In view of the lack of a systematic conceptual cognition and theoretical analysis framework for urban shrinkage effect in the current academic circle, this study examined the conceptual connotation of urban shrinkage effect and its Chinese logic, and the effect of regional urban shrinkage in Northeast China. The research pointed out that: 1) Urban shrinkage effect refers to the feedback of changes in regional relationship, urban area internal operation efficiency, and urban resident happiness index brought about by the "re-location" of relevant development factors such as urban population, capital, and enterprises under the action of spatial correlation and coupling between cities and regions, surrounding cities, and rural areas in the specific context of urban shrinkage. It has the characteristics of comprehensive and multi-dimensional representation, the distinction between positive and negative effects of scale and dimension, path continuity, and contextual relevance of development. According to the relevant subjects, the research content of urban shrinkage effect can be divided into three dimensions: Regional relationship, urban area internal operation efficiency, and urban resident happiness index. In the empirical analysis, it is appropriate to use the matching method, difference-in-differences method, panel effect model, and comparative induction method for evaluation. 2) The research on urban shrinkage effect in the context of China should emphasize using multi-source data, new technical means, and new concepts to evaluate the urban shrinkage effect in China, analyzing and clarifying the Chinese logic generated by urban shrinkage effect, taking regional overall development as the governance goal in response to the contraction effect, and designing a people-oriented differentiation path as the means to respond to the contraction effect. 3) The urban shrinkage effect of regional urban shrinkage in Northeast China has both positive and negative attributes, but the overall disadvantages far outweigh the advantages, and it is unreasonable to simply regard urban shrinkage as a phenomenon of population outflow and only emphasize the unilateral urban shrinkage effect. The proposition that shrinkage promotes the large-scale, mechanized, and intensive development of agriculture in Northeast China lacks sufficient basis and support at present. In fact, urban shrinkage effect restrains the radiation driving effect of the city on the countryside to some extent and promotes the development of the urban-rural relationship to a low level of equilibrium. The research results are an expansion of the existing research on urban shrinkage and its sinicization, which may provide a strong support for the governance of China's shrinking cities and the revitalization of Northeast China.

  • Reviews
    WANG Shufang, YANG Peng, MENG Guangwen, ZHOU Jun
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(8): 1633-1648. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.08.013

    China's overseas industrial parks (COIP) are important means for implementing the Belt and Road initiative and vital strategic support for the new development pattern of "dual circulation", and have attracted increasingly more attention from the academic community. To explore the research progress of COIP, this study used the CNKI and Web of Science as data sources and the CiteSpace and VOSviewer visualization software to examine the number and distribution of publications, and identify the research teams and research hotspots of COIP research. It further elaborated on the research progress of COIP from the perspectives of economy and trade, institution and culture, geopolitics, layout and planning, and ecological environment, revealing the current problems of research in COIP and future research priorities. The main conclusions are: 1) The overall number of publications in COIP research shows a trend of first increasing and then declining, which can be divided into three stages: slow growth, rapid rise, and decline. 2) The overall research on COIP has undergone a transformation from a corporate perspective to an industrial park perspective, and then to a development perspective, mainly exploring the development models and characteristics, location choices, spatial planning, institutional culture, and ecological environment of COIP. 3) Research directions for further exploration of COIP may include promoting research on the resilience of COIP, expanding research on the relationship and scale of COIP, strengthening research on the relationship between geo-setting and high-quality development of COIP, and increasing research on the spatial layout of global COIP, as well as research on promoting green, low carbon, and sustainable development of COIP.

  • Articles
    GUO Xiaodong, LI Huan, MU Meirui, MAI Fengxia
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1744-1755. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.005

    The periphery of megacities is the frontier area of urban spatial expansion and extension, and it is an important area where the modernization of governance system and governance capacity is urgently needed. Taking Baiyun District of Guangzhou City as an example, this study analyzed the process, characteristics, influencing factors, and driving mechanism of land use change and urban spatial evolution in the district from 1985 to 2020 by using FROM-GLC10 LULC data products, land use transfer matrix, grey correlation analysis, and GIS spatial analysis methods. On this basis, the article discussed the governance path and model of megacity fringe area. The results show that: 1) From 1985 to 2020, the land use change in Baiyun District was significant, and the characteristics of land use change were mainly the rapid growth of construction land and the decrease of cultivated land, forest land, and grassland. 2) During the study period, the construction land change in Baiyun District experienced four stages: Sudden rapid expansion, high-speed and stable expansion, slowing expansion, and low-speed expansion. The expansion of construction land was significantly affected by the radiation of the central urban area, showing a spatial trend of expansion from south to north. 3) The spatial evolution of the megacity fringe area is affected by natural factors, geographical location, economic development, factor input, policy system, and other factors, and a variety of factors jointly drive the land use change and spatial evolution of the megacity fringe area. 4) In the future, the governance of the periphery of China's megacities should focus on innovating the concept of governance, improving the content and objectives, innovating the means and models, and improving the system and mechanism, so as to effectively promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity, and realize urban-rural co-governance, pluralistic co-governance, overall intelligent governance, and grassroots autonomy. The research results can provide a theoretical reference and practical guidance for urban planning, construction, and modern governance in China in the new era.

  • Articles
    ZHANG Xuebo, WU Jiangnan, WANG Zhenbo, HE Zhihao, LU Bingkun
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(7): 1273-1289. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.07.002

    The resilience of medical services reflects a region's medical response ability in the face of risks. The study of the spatial-temporal differentiation and driving forces of the resilience level of urban medical services can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of healthy China. Taking 287 cities of the prefecture level and above in China as research samples and integrating the concept of resilience, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system of the resilience of urban medical services, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving forces of the resilience of urban medical services in China from 2011 to 2021. The study found that: 1) The resilience level of urban medical services in China continued to increase year by year and overall, the spatial distribution showed a pattern of high in the coastal regions and low inland. There has been a trend towards a weakening of the regional differences, and some cities showed a certain degree of local polarization. 2) The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the resilience of urban medical services in China, which showed strong resistance and adaptability. 3) Based on the differences of dynamic factor combination, four medical service resilience driving models are identified: medical resource-oriented, fund-oriented, environment-dependent, and scientific research-dependent. 4) The resilience of medical services is influenced by many external factors. Population ageing is negatively associated with healthcare service resilience, while municipal sanitation capacity and the penetration rate of the Internet have a positive impact on the resilience of medical services. The paper analyzed the driving force model of the urban medical services resilience in China, which can provide practical reference for the construction and resilience improvement of medical services in different types of regions.

  • Special Column: High-quality Development of Digital Economy, Regional Culture and Tourism
    TANG Rui
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 1929-1942. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.003

    The digital economy has become the first driving force for the innovation-driven development of the cultural and tourism industry. Based on data from 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2021, this study found that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry, the conclusion that remains valid after robustness tests. The digital economy has been a more significant driving factor within Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, between large cities and between large and small and medium-sized cities, and between the core areas and between core and non-core areas. There is no significant correlation between the national smart tourism pilot cities and non-pilot cities in terms of high-quality synergistic development of the digital economy and the cultural and tourism industry. Mechanism tests showed that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry through channels such as promoting cultural and tourism product innovation and enhancing market potential. Further research found that the development of the digital economy in the Shanghai metropolitan area has narrowed the gap in the development of the cultural and tourism industry in various cities, while the existence of the "digital divide" in non-metropolitan areas has exacerbated the imbalance in the cultural and tourism industry. The conclusions have important implications for various types of subjects to cultivate the digital economy as a new force for the development of the cultural and tourism industry, and thus optimize the spatial pattern of high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry enabled by the digital economy.

  • Special Column: High-quality Development of Digital Economy, Regional Culture and Tourism
    MU Xueqing, MING Qingzhong, JIN Cheng, DING Zhengshan, ZHANG Chaofan
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 1974-1989. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.006

    The digital economy is an important engine that can guide the rapid optimal allocation and regeneration of resources and achieve high-quality development of the tourism economy. Studying the impact of the digital economy on tourism innovation efficiency from the perspective of "local-neighboring area" spatial effect has important theoretical and practical significance for the high-quality development of the tourism industry. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as the research object, this study constructed a theoretical framework for the impact of the digital economy on tourism innovation efficiency. Based on the measurement of the development level of the digital economy and tourism innovation efficiency, this study explored the dynamic response relationships between the two and the spatial effects of the impact of the digital economy on tourism innovation efficiency. The findings are as follows: 1) Temporally, the mean value of tourism innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region showed a U-shaped pattern of first decreasing and then increasing. The overall level of efficiency was relatively low, and the region with high values kept growing over time. The tourism innovation efficiency of Shanghai and Zhejiang Province was higher than the average value of the Yangtze River Delta region. The gap between the tourism innovation efficiency of Jiangsu Province and the average value of the Yangtze River Delta region was narrowing, and it exceeded the average value of the Yangtze River Delta region in 2018, while the tourism innovation efficiency of Anhui Province had always been lower than the average values of the Yangtze River Delta region. 2) Spatially, tourism innovation efficiency generally presented a trend of high in the east and low in the west, and high in the south and low in the north. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the economically developed areas or the areas with high abundance of tourism resources, which had apparent characteristics of economic and resource orientation. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of tourism innovation efficiency were apparent, and the "high-high" and "low-low" types dominated the agglomeration modes. 3) The digital economy was the Granger cause of tourism innovation efficiency, and the response of tourism innovation efficiency to the impact of the digital economy presented the characteristics of cyclical fluctuations and time lag. The digital economy had a significant positive direct effect on local tourism innovation efficiency, but the influence on tourism innovation of neighboring cities is stage-specific. Currently, the trickle-down effect of digital factor resources has a positive effect on the tourism innovation of neighboring cities.

  • Reviews
    AN Fengping, GAO Jinlong, ZHU Xinyi, ZHANG Xiyu
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1865-1877. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.014

    The spiral decline of rural areas has become a common challenge for global rural development, and the key to rural revitalization lies in the choice of rural development models. This study systematically reviewed the succession process of rural development models, and we argue that the rural neo-endogenous development model is rooted in the local and external places, which can achieve "upper and lower linkage, internal and external symbiosis", more in line with the connotation of rural development in the new era. The model shows strong comprehensiveness and integrity, and provides a new perspective for the current rural development research. Based on the perspective of structural duality, we constructed an empirical framework of rural neo-endogenous development model, and summarized the main empirical research on the rural neo-endogenous development model at the agent and network levels. We believe that the existing research still cannot solve the operational problems of specific practical and theoretical propositions, and lacks the guidance of systematic action framework. Therefore, in the future, scholars can carry out action framework and evaluation research of rural neo-endogenous development from a multidisciplinary perspective, and explore the differentiated transformation path and mechanism of rural neo-endogenous development, so as to better guide rural geographers to promote rural neo-endogenous development and realize rural revitalization.

  • Reviews
    ZHANG Xuhui, HUANG Zhenfang, CHENG Dongya
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(10): 2067-2078. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.10.012

    Scene theory provides a new theoretical perspective for deepening research of cultural and tourism integration. This study used the scene theory as a theoretical analysis tool, summarizing the research value of cultural and tourism scenes, proposing the theoretical connotation and logic of cultural and tourism scenes, and identifying the research direction of cultural and tourism scenes. The research findings are as follows: 1) The research value of cultural and tourism scenes is reflected in placing the cultural and tourism industries in the same dynamic and complete system, and the differentiated scenes formed are conducive to implementing heterogeneous cultural and tourism integrative development strategies. 2) The theoretical connotation of cultural and tourism scenes includes four parts: First, concrete substance is an important foundation for the existence of cultural and tourism scenes. Second, the unique cultural value is contained in cultural and tourism scenes. Third, cultural values are the core components of cultural and tourism scenes. Last, the construction of cultural and tourism scenes becomes the driving force for culture and tourism integration. 3) The theoretical logic of cultural and tourism scenes is formed by the interaction of three dimensions: local originality, symbolic perception, and value expression. 4) Future research on cultural and tourism scenes should focus on the theoretical connotation and contemporary value of cultural and tourism scenes, the expression of cultural value in cultural and tourism scenes, the pattern recognition and operation mechanism of cultural and tourism scenes, and the application of digital technology in cultural and tourism scenes. The research can provide a theoretical basis and scenario application reference for promoting the development of culture and tourism integration.

  • Articles
    TAO Hui, WANG Caiyuan, WANG Lei, ZHANG Congyao
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(8): 1525-1541. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.08.005

    Rural industrial heritage, which integrates rural historical value, technological value, social value, and artistic value, serves as an important carrier of rural industrial culture, and has witnessed the significant development journey of rural industries. In recent years, various regions have actively promoted the integrated development of cultural and tourism industries, and the creative connection between cultural tourism and rural industrial heritage has provided new ideas for rural revitalization. Studies have found that the development model of "tourism+" centered on rural industrial heritage is the contemporary representation of spatial practice under the interaction of multiple subjects. This study proposed a "subject-space" approach to analyze the specific connotation of the new endogenous development model through exploratory case studies. The results indicate that: 1) The interaction of multiple subjects has broken through the stable structure of traditional acquaintance society and reconstructed the unique subject-space interaction relationship in rural industrial heritage sites through multi-dimensional practices of production-living-ecological spaces. 2) The spatial production of rural industrial heritage sites is a process of the joint efforts of external forces such as government power and cultural capital and the cultural subject value of local communities, which transform rural industrial heritage sites into cultural tourism consumption spaces and promote the overall renewal of rural industrial society. 3) The new endogenous development path endows rural society with a new connotation. The interactive connection between subjects and spaces transcends the dilemma of cycled interpretation of traditional local value, incorporating more peripheral elements, and realizing the renewal and reconstruction of rural society in new dimensions. The evolution of rural industrial heritage sites supported by tourism is not only a new paradigm for rural revitalization but also a scientific demonstration of the reactivation of industrial heritage in rural areas.

  • Reviews
    FANG Yuanping, ZHANG Feng, RUAN Aiting, BI Doudou
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(8): 1617-1632. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.08.012

    Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) is considered a key driver of innovation and economic development in the knowledge economy era as an industry that provides knowledge and technology services. With the rise of the knowledge economy and the advanced industrial structure in the 1990s, scholars in China and internationally began to focus on the spatial distribution of KIBS and the process of knowledge diffusion, as well as its significant role in promoting industrial integration, regional innovation, and economic transformation. Since the twenty-first century, rapid economic globalization has propelled the application research of KIBS in geographical fields such as national and regional innovation, industrial clusters, and innovation networks. Under the new situation of globalization and the new research paradigms of economic geography, research on the integration of KIBS and various research paradigms of economic geography, the mechanism of impact of KIBS on the new information technology revolution and new quality productivity, the mechanism of impact of KIBS on industrial upgrading and regional transformation from the perspective of global-local interaction, global-local production network, and multiscale innovation space reconstruction are relatively insufficient. Based on the current research progress, the authors reviewed the key publications on KIBS in the field of geography in China and internationally, summarized the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of KIBS publications, and used the bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace 6.2.R6 to make a visual analysis of research hotspots in this field. We systematically summarized the research hotspot content and research trend of KIBS. Combined with the new situation of globalization and the major strategic issues of China's economic geography research, we put forward the prospect of KIBS geographical research focusing on KIBS and regional development transformation under the new trend of globalization, KIBS and new quality productivity, global-local innovation centers, KIBS and global-local innovation networks from the perspective of global-local interaction, and KIBS and multiscale innovation spatial coupling.

  • Articles
    HU Xiaoyu, CHEN Gang, WANG Guanghui
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(9): 1771-1784. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.09.007

    The construction of a science and technology talent pool is a crucial guarantee for the implementation of China's talent-driven strategy for the new era and a robust support for propelling the Chinese style modernization and achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. This study constructed a theoretical analysis framework for the mobility of recipients of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars based on the Curriculum Vitae information of 1832 recipients from 2010 to 2019. Social network analysis and the negative binomial regression model were used to examine the structural characteristics of the mobility network of these outstanding young talents and driving factors. The findings reveal that: 1) Topologically, the learning phase network primarily consists of domestic intercity mobility with a dual-core network topology centered around Beijing and Shanghai. In contrast, the working phase network is dominated by mobility between domestic and international cities, presenting a dual-core network topology with a notable talent reflow effect characterized by movement from abroad to first-tier Chinese cities. 2) The core-periphery characteristics are more pronounced during the working phase than the learning phase, with evident transitions between strong semi-peripheral cities, weak semi-peripheral cities, and peripheral cities. Geospatially, the domestic mobility network of outstanding young talents displays a hub-and-spoke structure centered on Beijing, without a clear "peacock flying southeast" migration pattern. 3) The regression results of city attribute factors indicate that the drivers of talent migration vary across different stages, with educational resources and economic levels being key factors that influence talent mobility. 4) Empirical results for the proximity factors show that during the Master's-Ph.D. phase, cultural and social proximities have a significant positive impact on talent mobility. During the pre-Distinguished Young Scholar appointment-Distinguished Young Scholar appointment phase, institutional and social proximities significantly influence talent mobility. During the Distinguished Young Scholar appointment-current work phase, geographical proximity has a significant negative impact on talent mobility.

  • Articles
    ZHAO Meifeng, YAN Qijiao, YANG Zhen, LI Junjia
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(12): 2395-2412. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.12.006

    Nearby urbanization is a new urbanization development path relative to remote urbanization, which refers to the process in which the rural population migrates to small and medium-sized cities and towns near their home areas for employment and residence rather than to distant places. Under the background of new-type urbanization, the regional difference of nearby urbanization constitutes a significant part of China's overall regional urbanization disparities, and it will profoundly affect China's urbanization process and the coordinated development of the economy and society. In this study, we used Theil index nested decomposition and the spatial Markov chain model to analyze the overall difference and decomposition of China's nearby urbanization development, and describe the regional convergence pattern of China's nearby urbanization development in detail, focusing on the impact of spatial effects on the nearby urbanization. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the overall difference of nearby urbanization level in China showed a trend of continuous narrowing, consistent with the gradual narrowing of the development direction of the country's regional nearby urbanization gap. The overall difference of the urbanization rate within provinces was the largest, followed by the urbanization rate within counties, and the urbanization rate within towns was the smallest. 2) From the perspective of scale decomposition, local urbanization and its three subtypes (provincial urbanization, county urbanization, and town urbanization) showed the largest differences within provinces. By comparing the inter-provincial differences in the four regions, the western region had the largest inter-provincial differences, while the other regions showed relatively small differences. Comparing the intra-provincial differences of the four regions, the differences in the western and central provinces were large, while the differences in the eastern and northeastern provinces were small. 3) With regard to convergence patterns, there were spatial convergence clubs for nearby urbanization and its decompostions in China. The development of nearby urbanization in China showed obvious spatial linkage effect with the surrounding environment, and there was a certain spatial spillover effect. The results imply that the regional inequality of nearby urbanization in China follows the neoclassical convergence hypothesis and will narrow in the long term. Overall, the regional inequality of nearby urbanization in China from 2000 to 2020 stemmed mainly from inter-provincial inequality, especially in the central and western regions. With the improvement of the development level and radiation capacity of central cities in central and western China, we should strengthen support for the economic development of secondary regional node cities and improvement of public service facilities in small towns. This study provides a scientific support for comprehensively grasping the regional differences of urbanization in China and scientifically formulating the strategic measures of differentiated urbanization.

  • Reviews
    WANG Xiaoying, ZHOU Yuke, LI Rongping, JIA Qingyu, CAI Fu, WEN Rihong, XIE Yanbing, ZHAO Xianli, ZOU Xudong, WANG Hongyu
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(8): 1666-1680. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.08.015

    The rate of climate change exhibits differences at daily and seasonal scales and is characterized by non-uniform warming. Particularly in the mid to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the rate of warming at night surpasses that during the day, and the rate of warming in winter exceeds that in summer. Accurately assessing the impact of non-uniform warming on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems represents a significant challenge in the field of global change research. This article, through a literature review, systematically analyzed the effects of non-uniform warming in winter, changes in snow metrics, and variations in photoperiod on the phenological characteristics of spring vegetation. It also discussed factors such as species specificity, geographic location heterogeneity, and seasonal compensation effects. The research indicated that seasonal changes in temperate regions have a significant impact on vegetation phenological cycle, but existing studies have shortcomings in observation experiments, mechanism understanding, and model simulation. Although controlled experiments are helpful for studying the effects of meteorological factors on vegetation, they may not fully reflect the natural conditions. Remote sensing monitoring provides a macroscopic perspective, but its data accuracy is limited by many factors, and it is difficult to capture subtle phenological changes. Ground observations provide valuable information for climate science, but the distribution of observation sites is sparse and the data uncertainty is large. In terms of the mechanism of impact, the interactions of light, temperature, and water and their effects on phenology are not fully understood, and the carry-over lag effect between seasons is not well understood either. In terms of model simulation, it is difficult to parameterize the plant phenology model, the study of parameter thresholds is insufficient, and the influence of other biotic and abiotic factors is not fully considered. These challenges limit the accuracy of predictions of plant phenological changes. Therefore, future research is needed to develop novel observational experimental methods to accurately distinguish plant responses under different environmental conditions and to validate model predictions under more natural conditions. This includes improving warming experiments, accounting for the effects of nighttime warming, and encouraging research based on global field observations. It is also necessary to strengthen the understanding of the mechanism of influence of non-uniform warming, especially the light, heat, and water requirements of spring phenology, and the complex effects of winter and spring warming on leaf phenology. In addition, research should focus on fall phenological processes and the risk of late spring frost. In terms of modeling, non-uniform warming and its associated impacts need to be incorporated into models to improve the ability to predict the response of temperate ecosystems to climate change. This includes precise measurements of the onset of ecological dormanism in trees, combined with physiological studies, and consideration of seasonal climate change effects on carbon sequestration and cycling in terrestrial ecosystem models. At the same time, the impact of seasonal snowfall should be considered and the understanding of photoperiodic effects should be deepened to assess the potential impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ecosystems, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the impacts of climate change on vegetation at the seasonal scale.

  • Articles
    CHEN Bo, LIU Ruiyu, HE Zhaoxiong, JIANG Hou
    PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 43(7): 1372-1388. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.07.008

    In order to explore the development pathways of achieving carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement and safeguarding food security in the process of utilizing cropland in mountainous areas, this study established a methodological system for the comprehensive assessment of carbon emissions from cropland in mountainous areas and carbon uptake by crops, taking Guizhou Province, where the typical karst landscapes are distributed, as the study area. This study used carbon emission coefficients to measure carbon emissions from cropland in Guizhou Province and its cities and prefectures, and parameter estimation method to measure crop carbon sequestration. It also analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions from cropland use in Guizhou Province in different periods between 2010 and 2021 based on the logarithmic mean Divisa index (LMDI) factor decomposition model. The study revealed the pathways to reduce emissions and increase sinks in the process of cropland utilization and ensure food security with the unique resource endowments of mountainous cropland, and explored the sustainable development of cropland use in mountainous areas in the new period. The results of the study show that: 1) Carbon emissions from cropland in Guizhou Province have been on the rise for the past 12 years, and the amount of fertilizer use was the main regulating factor of carbon emissions, which is the key to carbon emission reduction from cropland in the area. 2) The carbon sequestration capacity of crops in Guizhou Province has a large potential. Although there are differences in the crop planting structure of each city and prefecture, rice and corn are still the main food crops in the province and most of the cities and prefectures, and play an important role in cropland as a carbon sink. 3) The planting structure of crops has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions from cropland, while the level of development of the agricultural economy is positively correlated with carbon emissions from the cropland. It is necessary to reduce the inefficient input of chemical fertilizers, and accelerate and deepen the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry on the basis of the construction of high-standard farmland, which is of great significance for the green and low-carbon development of agriculture in Guizhou Province, and for facilitating the realization of the "dual-carbon" goals nationwide.