Regional economic integration has become a necessary path to promote regional high-quality development in China, but relevant studies from the perspective of private enterprise investment are rare. Using statistical analysis and social network analysis methods, we analyzed the process of regional economic integration through the evolution of private enterprise investment network in the Lanzhou-Xining (Lan-Xi) urban agglomeration from 2013 to 2021, and explored the mechanism of change. The study showed that: 1) The Lan-Xi urban agglomeration was in the middle and late stage of industrialization, but the private enterprise investment network still showed an obvious inter-provincial "dual-core separation" structure, with a relatively high level of integration in Qinghai Province, and there were large differences in the inter-provincial investment behavior of different industries within the urban agglomeration. 2) The formation of the dual-core separation structure of the private enterprise investment network was mainly influenced by the current development stage of the region, and the provincial capital cities played a dominant role in this polarization, leading to extremely weak inter-provincial investment ties. 3) The administrative region economy and institutional thickness exerted a deterrent effect on the inter-provincial investment of private enterprises through external environment and internal decision making, respectively. Based on the above conclusions, starting from the low level of regional economic integration in the Lan-Xi Urban Agglomeration, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations to promote the formation of inter-provincial complementary regional economic layout with the goal of high-quality development.

Urban transportation resilience reflects the ability of the transportation system to maintain its basic functions and structure through its resistance, mitigation, and absorption under extreme conditions, or the ability to restore the original equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium state within a reasonable time and with reasonable cost. Global warming, sea-level rise, and rapid urbanization all increase the risk of compound extreme weather events, presenting challenges for the operation of urban-related infrastructure including transportation infrastructure. In this context, some questions become important. For example, how to measure the strength of urban transportation resilience under extreme weather events (including the impact of different extreme weather event intensities on its strength); how to monitor its spatial and temporal features and evolution trends; and how long will it take for the entire system to restore balance? At present, effective monitoring methods for transportation resilience under the influence of extreme events are lacking, especially the monitoring of the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of transportation resilience under climate change, to answer these questions. Therefore, it is urgently needed to solve the problem of accurately identifying the state of urban transportation resilience under extreme weather events and improving the level of prevention and control of transportation system impact of natural hazard-related disasters. The development of big data mining technology and deep learning methods for spatiotemporal prediction made the construction of spatiotemporal datasets for evaluating and predicting urban transportation resilience possible. Such datasets can reveal the spatiotemporal evolution features, changing trends of urban transportation resilience intensity under the influence of extreme weather events, as well as the mechanism of influence. It indicates the key research areas that should be focused on for transportation resilience under climate warming. This article reviewed and summarized the research on transportation resilience in China and internationally in the past 50 years, analyzed the deficiencies in the existing research based on the relevant research results of transportation resilience in China and globally, and identified the key areas and directions of the research on transportation resilience under climate warming in order to provide new ideas for future research on transportation resilience.

With the advent of the post-industrial era, a "green turn" has gradually become the basic principle of global urban renewal. However, green initiatives and practices in urban renewal often focus on environmental sustainability, neglecting the green gentrification that can be triggered at the social level. In the context of urban renewal in China, urban greening practices have emerged with many representations similar to the phenomenon of green gentrification, but this has not attracted the attention of scholars in China. This study adopted a qualitative research method to investigate the effects and mechanisms of green gentrification in the context of urban renewal, taking the greening practices of urban agricultural parks as an example. The study found that: 1) In the context of urban renewal, urban greening practices imply a logic of gentrification in action, and the postmodern aesthetic and experiential landscape it creates becomes a place representation of green gentrification. 2) Greening practices oriented to serve the urban elite have triggered landscape segregation and stratification, but under the guarantee of the Chinese land tenure and management system, the indigenous people are not displaced but receive dividends from the recapitalization of the land. 3) The government, village collectives and residents, and developers have formed green growth alliances to meet their political and economic demands for the purposes of urban governance, land rents, and economic interests, respectively, eventually forming a government-led green gentrification operation mechanism. This study empirically analyzed green gentrification, which originated in western societies, in the institutional and social contexts of China, expanding the connotation and explanatory validity of green gentrification in the context of multiple geographies, and providing new theoretical perspectives and practical insights for understanding the change of human-land relationship in the context of urban renewal in China.

A rare persistent high temperature event occurred in the Yangtze River Basin in summer 2022, which caused serious impacts on the life and production of the provinces in the basin. Scientific analysis of the causes of this high temperature process is of great significance for improving the prediction and early warning of high temperature processes. Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the daily temperature data collected from 699 stations in the Yangtze River Basin, this study examined the atmospheric circulation characteristics and the causes of this high temperature process. The findings indicate that: 1) The high temperature process that occurred in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022 ranked the highest in terms of the area of influence, intensity, duration, and comprehensive strength since 1961. 2) There were mainly two circulation causes that attributed to this high temperature process. The first was the impact of local circulation, that is, the middle and upper layers of the troposphere over the Yangtze River Basin was controlled by the abnormal anticyclonic circulation generated by the equivalent barotropic mechanism. The second was the impact of large-scale circulation, that is, the South Asia High and Western Pacific Subtropical High moved in an opposite direction and overlapped over the Yangtze River Basin. Under the control of high pressure, the sinking movement over the Yangtze River Basin and the solar radiation reaching the ground are obviously strong, which led to strong extreme high temperature. 3) The main reason for the long duration of the abnormal circulation is that with the Rossby wave transmitting energy eastward from Western Europe and the Lake Baikal, the circulation distribution presented a "two grooves and one ridge" model from west to east in the middle and high latitude of Eurasia and a stable "three-wave" model in the middle and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Therefore, the energy converged in the subtropical region above the Yangtze River Basin, which helped maintain the intensity of the subtropical high and the occurrence of the abnormal positive height anomalies over the Yangtze River Basin.

One of the basic topics in population geography is how the population distributes and changes on terrain gradients. With the improvement of data accuracy and quality, it is feasible to conduct macroscopic analysis for this question based on kilometer grid cells. This study analyzed the distribution and change characteristics of China's population on the gradients of elevation, ruggedness, and slope from 2000 to 2020, using methods of frequency distribution statistics, based on 1-km grid statistical cells, and using spatial demographic datasets (WorldPop) and digital elevation model datasets (SRTMGL1). The effects of different digital elevation model datasets (including ASTER GDEM and SRTMGL1) and spatial demographic datasets (including WorldPop, LandScan, and GPW) on the results were also compared and the differences between the 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data were further explored with SRTMGL1 and WorldPop. The results show that: 1) The population increasingly tends to be distributed at the lower position of terrain gradients. The half-balance points of the population distribution on elevation, ruggedness, and slope gradients were 95.6 m, 50.7 m, and 3.01° respectively in 2000, and decreased to 77.0 m, 46.8 m, and 2.88° in 2020. 2) Dominant area of population distribution relative to land area has been stably located at a lower position of terrain gradients. The upper boundary of the dominant part of the population over terrain (MU) is stably located at the elevation of 520 m, the ruggedness of 137 m, and the slope of 6.84°, respectively, and the population dominance rate rose from 0.511, 0.248, and 0.217 in 2000 to 0.522, 0.274, and 0.255 in 2020, respectively. 3) Different spatial demographic datasets have no effect on the distribution and change pattern of population on terrain gradients, while DEM datasets have significant effects on the ruggedness gradient and slope gradient distribution of population. There is no difference between 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data for this study, and the 1-km grid dataset is recommended for the study of population distribution at the national scale and above. This study provides a new basic reference for understanding of the relationship between population distribution and terrain in China at the kilometer grid scale.

Administrative division is the basic supporting unit for a country to carry out local governance. The adjustment of administrative divisions is related to the grassroots social governance system and capacity building, and constitutes a part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, which has a long-term impact on economic development and regional governance. This article systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature on China's administrative division research in the past 30 years, and summarized the development status of China's administrative division research from the aspects of history, type of models, effectiveness evaluation, influencing factors, and comparison within China and internationally. The research found that the setting of administrative divisions serves the national development strategy, and the research is closely related to national policies. The promulgation and implementation of relevant policies stimulate the research of administrative divisions, and vice versa. The study of administrative division has a strong historical continuity and spans multiple disciplines. Drawing on the useful experience of developed countries, it also has very strong local characteristics. In the process of integration of administrative divisions into national governance system and governance modernization, scientific and practical research on the setting and adjustment of administrative divisions should be strengthened. We should give full play to the advantages of multiple disciplines, strengthen the theoretical and methodological research on the setting and adjustment of administrative divisions, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of national spatial governance.

Culture and tourism are important means to implement the strategy of rural revitalization and play a significant role in promoting the high-quality development and common prosperity of rural areas of China. This study analyzed 933 Chinese publications and 71 English publications retrieved from the CNKI and Web of Science databases, and used the CiteSpace software to analyze the overall situation of the research and hotspots of rural revitalization research from the perspective of culture and tourism. The results show that the research on rural revitalization from the perspective of culture and tourism in China has significant policy-oriented characteristics, and the research intensity has increased year by year. Existing research has proposed hotspots, such as rural cultural and tourism resources and landscapes, rural cultural and tourism integration, rural cultural and tourism enrichment, rural industrial development and integration, rural ecotourism, and cultural and tourism rural governance, combining with the goal of implementing the rural revitalization strategy. Although the research content is relatively rich, there is a lack of further exploration. The research methods are mainly qualitative, and the percentage of quantitative research is low. The study areas are relatively dispersed, mainly concentrated in the southwestern area, at various scales including village, township, county, and province. Finally, this review combined the contents of existing literature and proposed that future research should be innovative in terms of theory, research content, research methods, and study areas, in order to promote the integrated development of rural culture and tourism, provide references for subsequent research, and comprehensively promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

The digital economy is a new driving force for the high-quality development of the tourism industry in the new era. In recent years, with the emergence of blockchain, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and other emerging technologies, scientific and technological achievements have been rapidly transformed and put into production. Digital technology has become an important force to promote the restructuring of production factors, the improvement of production efficiency, and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The deep integration of tourism—as a tertiary sector of the economy—and digital technology has become the key factor in promoting the upgrading of tourism industry structure. The digital economy, with its powerful productivity and high knowledge intensive form, reshapes the production mode of the tourism industry, improves its efficiency, and injects new momentum into the high-quality development of the tourism industry. However, there is a lack of theoretical exploration and empirical testing of the relationship between the digital economy and the high-quality development of the tourism industry. On the basis of analyzing the role of the digital economy in the high-quality development of the tourism industry, this study constructed an indicator system to measure the level of digital economy development and high-quality development of the tourism industry in 280 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2011 to 2019, and used the spatial Durbin model to empirically test the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the tourism industry and its spatial spillover effects. The results show that the digital economy had a direct impact on the high-quality development of the tourism industry, and there was an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship. This result is still significantly valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis indicates that the digital economy had a spatial spillover effect on the high-quality development of tourism in neighboring regions, and a U-shaped nonlinear relationship existed. The results offer a new perspective for analyzing the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the tourism industry, and provide theoretical reference and empirical evidence for leveraging the digital economy to support the high-quality development of the tourism industry.

With the development of 5G, AI, and the Internet, we have entered the era of video socialization. Based on the Douyin (TikTok) data, this study analyzed the characteristics of the urban network in China with the help of the social network analysis method, and explored the influencing factors by using the optimal parameters-based geographical detector. The results show that: 1) The unbalanced distribution pattern of different types of cities based on local and non-local connections is basically consistent with the long-standing east-west gap, and the city grade based on the Douyin (TikTok) social media platform does not completely follow the traditional city grade system. 2) The overall network showed a triangular pyramid structure, which is very similar to the development pattern of urban agglomerations in the 14th Five-Year Plan. 3) The main influencing factors of urban network centrality in China are the level of economic development and information development, and the secondary influencing factors are the level of logistics development and tourism development. 4) Due to the varied stages of development, different regions showed obvious spatial differences. The southwestern region was more affected by the level of logistics development, the northeastern region was more affected by the level of tourism development, and the northwestern region was more affected by the level of economic development.

The once-in-a-century revolution in the automobile manufacturing industry has triggered a "car-making frenzy" in China, subsequently reshaping the spatial landscape of the country's automobile manufacturing industry. This study used comprehensive micro-enterprise databases and employed location quotient indicators to compare the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the Chinese automobile manufacturing industry between 2013 and 2021. It examined the distinctive location traits of both new energy and traditional automobile manufacturing sectors, while also evaluating the co-agglomeration patterns of three pivotal industries—automobile, electronics, and electrical-in Chinese cities. Additionally, the study employed the negative binomial regression method to investigate the factors that influence the site selection of Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises. The findings of this study are as follows: Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises tend to concentrate in cities with a solid historical industrial foundation, showcasing a blend of continuity and change in the industrial layout. The location choices of Chinese new energy automobile manufacturing enterprises are both path dependence and path breakthrough. While cities with established prowess in traditional automobile manufacturing still hold potential for developing the new energy automobile sector, cities with weaker traditional automobile manufacturing sectors, such as Shenzhen, have made remarkable strides in the realm of new energy vehicles. In 2021, only 11 cities in China, including Shanghai, Hefei, and Suzhou, achieved the co-agglomeration of the three major manufacturing industries (automobile, electronics, and electrical). Notably, cities with well-developed automobile industries, such as Chongqing, did not gain specialized advantages in the electronics and electrical manufacturing sectors. Factors such as the diversification index of the manufacturing industry, the complexity of manufacturing knowledge, the size of the resident population, and the location quotient of the automobile manufacturing industry contribute to attracting automobile manufacturing enterprises. Traditional automobile manufacturing tends to gravitate towards cities with a concentration of foreign industrial enterprises, which diverges from the agglomeration patterns observed in the electronics manufacturing sector. The impact of location quotient in the electronics and electrical manufacturing industry on the site selection of Chinese new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises did not demonstrate statistical significance. This study contributes to enriching the theory of industrial location in China and provides valuable insights for automotive manufacturing companies in their site selection process, as well as informing government policies related to industrial layout planning.

The widespread trend of suburbanization has resulted in the merging of residential and production elements in suburban areas, causing a significant increase in suburban lifestyles globally. The unique socio-economic and cultural settings of major economies like China and the United States exemplify the distinct features of suburban lifestyle development. An in-depth study of the evolutionary characteristics of suburban living spaces and lifestyles in the two countries benefits the dialogue between Chinese and Western suburban theories. A comparative study can offer valuable references for urban planning in China. This study examined the changes in how suburban living spaces are organized and how people live in them in China and the United States. It took a perspective of the daily lives of suburban residents to compare and analyze these developments. Based on the literature review, this study compared the residential, travel, and activity patterns of suburban residents in China and the United States, and examined how they relate to suburban space. It analyzed how residents' lifestyles have changed in suburban development in both countries and their impact on the suburban area. This article summarized the unique characteristics of suburban living in China and the United States, as well as the mechanisms behind them. Research has shown that both Chinese and American suburban lifestyles follow a three-stage development pattern, starting from monocentric urban lifestyles and eventually transitioning to suburban lifestyles. The suburban lifestyle in China started later, but it has experienced remarkable growth and evolution. The suburban lifestyle is now marked by a diversity of people, mixed residential areas, commuting towards the center, using public transportation, and relying on urban center for daily activities. Living in the suburbs has become a well-established and diverse way of life in the United States. It involves a mix of different populations, residential segregation, commuting inside suburban areas, using motorized mode of transportation for travel, and conducting daily activities in suburban areas. Residential diversification and motorized travel are common aspects of suburban lifestyle that China and the United States share. However, there is a difference in the level of residential integration, motorization, and suburbanization in daily activities between the two countries. Differences in suburban lifestyle between the two countries can be attributed to various factors, including the level of urbanization, transportation infrastructure, and disparities in spatial quality. These differences arise from a combination of choices made by individual residents and external limitations.

The vitality of metro station domains is an important indicator to reflect the vitality of urban space and to test the coordinated and balanced development of station-city space. Taking Xi'an City as an example, this study used multi-source data to construct an indicator system from the two dimensions of crowd activity and built environment to quantitatively evaluate the metro station domain vitality, classify the metro station domains, and analyze their various characteristics based on the comparison of vitality value dimensions. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The comprehensive vitality of metro station domains was insufficient—with the increase of vitality level, the number of metro stations increased first and then decreased. The number and proportion of stations of the third and fourth vitality levels were higher than those of the first, second, and fifth vitality levels, and the spatial distribution of the vitality of station domains was not balanced. The vitality of metro station domains on both weekdays and weekends went through three stages: rising, stable, and declining. 2) The spatial distribution of metro station vitality in general showed a core-periphery spatial structure. The average vitality of the station domains of the No. 2 metro line running north-south in Xi'an City was the strongest, while the vitality of the station domains of the first and last sections of each line was generally low, and the vitality of the metro transfer station domains, metro stations covering tourist attractions, and university cluster feeder stations were high. Functional mixing degree, subway accessibility, global integration degree, and crowd activity heat played an important role in creating the vitality of metro stations. 3) The metro stations in Xi'an City can be divided into four categories: breeding, growing, balanced, and low degree of maturity. In terms of quantitative distribution, breeding-type station domains > growing-type station domains > low degree of maturity-type station domains > balanced-type station domains, and the spatial distribution also presents an obvious core-periphery characteristic. The core urban areas have a large number of low degree of mature and balanced stations, the main urban areas have balanced, growing, and breeding stations, and the peripheral areas mainly have breeding and growing stations. An improved theoretical framework for spatial vitality evaluation was proposed to strengthen the research on the vitality of Xi'an metro station domains, so as to provide some decision-making reference for the renewal and planning of metro station domains and the empowerment of urban vitality.

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has developed rapidly from establishing in the mid-1990s, which provides irreplaceable data support for global climate change simulation and future climate change projection. This paper reviewed systematically the development process from CMIP1 to CMIP6, including theoretical framework, future scenario construction, international participation, etc. On this basis, the paper comprehensively summarized the performance of CMIP models in simulating global and China's temperature, precipitation, and other variables. Furthermore, the simulation results of historical experiment in CMIP3, CMIP5 and CMIP6 was emphatically compared. With the development of CMIP, the simulation performance of global climate models has also been improved due to the improvements of physical parameterization scheme and spatial resolution. However, the performances of CMIP models in simulating climate characteristics at regional scale are still limited, especially for the simulations of precipitation change in small-middle scale, and the simulation performances of different models varies greatly. Finally, the paper looks forward to the possible development directions of CMIP models according to the above problems.

Understanding the employment preferences of the floating population is crucial for formulating relevant employment policies. In this study, based on the China dynamic monitoring survey data for the floating population in 2017, we categorized the employment options into traditional secondary industry, high-tech manufacturing industry, traditional service industry, and modern service industry, and then scrutinized the floating population's employment choices and spatial variations at the prefecture level. We also established a mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model to investigate individual and regional factors of the employment choice of the floating population. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1) The majority of the floating population have engaged in employment in the traditional service and traditional secondary industry, with only a small fraction opting for high-tech manufacturing and modern service employment. 2) The percentages of the floating population engaged in employment in the traditional secondary industry and high-tech manufacturing industry were significantly higher in the eastern region than in other regions, particularly in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula. 3) Most city units in the central-west and Northeast regions had a high concentration of floating population employment in the traditional service industry, with some city units showing relatively high employment percentages in the modern service industry. 4) The floating population's employment choices were influenced by both regional and individual factors. Specifically, regional industrial structure and urban population size affected the regional employment structure, while employment competition and human capital levels of the floating population affected their integration into the regional employment structure. Moreover, gender, age, and population registration status of the floating population also affected their employment choice. The research findings can deepen the understanding of the mechanisms behind the employment choice of the floating population in Chinese cities, especially the relationship between the employment choice of the floating population and urban industrial development, providing references and support for the formulation of employment policies on the floating population.

The Pan-Asian Railway is a new channel for cooperation between China and ASEAN countries in the future, which will profoundly affect the infrastructure connectivity and regional development level of countries along the route, and is of great significance for promoting the further implementation of the Belt and Road initiative. In order to conduct a cross-scale research of transport superiority, this study used the 1 km×1 km grid as the basic spatial unit, and selected the present and the future year as two time points for comparison. Based on the improved transport superiority model, we characterized the transport superiority pattern of the Indo-China Peninsula before and after the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway. We also explored the potential impact of changes of transport superiority on regional development. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1) The Pan-Asian Railway can significantly improve the transport superiority of countries and regions along the route, forming a "屮" shaped spatial pattern, but also exacerbating the uneven distribution of transport superiority. The transport superiority of Singapore, western Malaysia, and Thailand shows a greater increase, and the gap with other countries has further widened. Areas with high transport superiority are scattered in central cities such as Bangkok, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and concentrated along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula. 2) After the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway, the area of medium and above-level transport superiority regions increased from 10.04% to 37.34%, and the population proportion of these areas increased from 46.05% to 73.67%, providing strong support for regional development. 3) The Pan-Asian Railway is beneficial for enhancing the agglomeration capacity of central cities and the radiation attraction of coastal cities to inland areas, weakening the restrictions on the circulation of factors across national boundaries. In addition, the opening of the Pan-Asian Railway can form a transnational coastal and coastal-inland development axis, and support the networked development structure of the Gulf of Thailand region. In the future, regional cooperation between China and ASEAN should focus on the Gulf of Thailand region, open up new international land-sea trade channels, and support regional linkages and international cooperation between western China and countries in the Indo-China Peninsula.

The urban life cycle theory was proposed by Hall and Van den Berg and colleagues based on European urban research. According to the changes in the population of the urban core and rings, the urban spatial evolution process is divided into four stages: Urbanization, suburbanization, deurbanization, and reurbanization. The stage alternation and specific stages described by the theory have also been confirmed by subsequent empirical research, and this theory has been widely applied in identifying and studying the stages of urban development. However, this theory has been criticized and questioned as follows: 1) The process of urban development cannot be measured solely from a single population change perspective; 2) There are heterogeneities in urban development under different backgrounds; 3) The division of stages is unreasonable and debatable; and 4) Urban space does not always evolve linearly in a unidirectional order. In this context, many studies have made revisions, supplements, and improvements to this theory, and some new theories have been proposed, but there is still room for breakthroughs and development. Future breakthroughs can be made in the following aspects: 1) Incorporate marginal cities, shrinking cities, gentrification, and new urban phenomena into research of the post crisis and post pandemic period, and consider changes in people's lifestyle and thinking, socioeconomic background, and so on, to expand the applicability of the theory; 2) Refine urban types to identify the diversity of evolution, and conduct comparative research to identify urban life cycle models that are suitable for China; 3) Incorporate population structure and integrate the data of population size, age, and household and socioeconomic characteristics to enhance the depth of urban spatial analysis; and 4) Increase research on the migration of residents and businesses, expand micro-scale perspectives, and integrate multiple urban systems to enhance the comprehensiveness of urban spatial evolution theory.

In the context of global climate change, compound flood disasters occur frequently in coastal areas, and thus it is of great significance to examine the related disaster risks. In this study, 223 typhoon events that affected Hong Kong from 1962 to 2021 were selected as statistical samples to analyze the compound disaster risk of rainfall and storm surges in Hong Kong under the influence of typhoons. The Mann-Kendall method was used to analyze the characteristics of typhoon events, and we found that the typhoons in Hong Kong during the past 60 years show the characteristics of low probability and high impact. The optimal marginal distribution function of the maximum storm water increase and cumulative rainfall under typhoon events was determined by a variety of statistical testing methods, and the Frank Copula function was used to fit the joint probability distribution of rainfall-storm surge compound disasters. Based on the risk assessment and design value calculation of single factors and compound disasters, the risk rate of the "or" return period is high, and the risk rate of the "and" return period is low. Finally, we concluded that the optimal design values of maximum storm surge and cumulative rainfall in the secondary return period should be selected for the design of coastal engineering projects in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area. This study showed the compound disaster risk characteristics of the Greater Bay area and provides a reference for the construction of relevant disaster scenarios.

Pest disasters are serious threats faced by the forest ecosystem of China. This study selected 316 research papers on forest pest disasters with the selection criteria that primary data of the research were completely obtained from ground survey. We compiled the time of occurrence, location, affected area, and intensity of each forest pest disaster (FPD) event. Then, using Meta-analysis on these records, we depicted the spatial and temporal variability of forest pest disasters in China. A total of 962 FPD records were compiled. These records involved 299 counties in China and covered a temporal range from 1985 to 2018. The results showed that there were 242 county-times of serious FPD events during 1985-2018 with an annual mean of 7.1 county-times. From 1985 to 2005, the annual county-time number of serious FPD events increased at 0.4 county-times per year, but the upward trend was replaced by a decline of -0.6 county-times per year from 2005 to 2018. Spatially, there were more FPD events in the Wuyi Mountains in southeast China and the Qilian Mountains in northwest China compared to other regions. The frequency of serious FPD events exhibited a declining trend from the southeastern coast of China to the northwestern inland region. The Wuyi Mountains area was the most serious FPD region of China. Meteorology factors were considered the primary factor that influenced the FPD. The interannual fluctuation of FPD frequency was negatively correlated with winter temperature of the previous year in the southern part of the semi-arid area and the warm temperate semi-humid area; while it is negatively correlated with spring temperature in the north sub-tropic area and the central sub-tropic area in the south.

The digital economy is a new driving force for China's economic development and an important growth point for expanding domestic demand. This study examined the mechanism of the digital economy affecting household consumption. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces of China from 2011 to 2020 and using the mediation effect model and the spatial Durbin model, this study examined the mechanism and spatial effects of the digital economy on household consumption and conducted an expanded analysis from the temporal and regional dimensions. The results show that: 1) The digital economy can directly promote household consumption. 2) The indirect effect of the digital economy on consumption is to improve the diversification of products on the supply side, increase household income on the demand side, and promote market integration on the market side. 3) While promoting local consumption, the digital economy also has positive spillover effects among provinces with similar economic levels. 4) The results of the expanded analysis show that the role of the digital economy in driving consumption is sustainable over time, which increases with the improvement of the economic level. Meanwhile, the effect is stronger in the central and western regions than in the eastern region, showing the characteristics of benefiting the poor and favoring the less developed regions. These results expanded the research perspectives of digital economy driving consumer consumption, and provide a decision reference for the strategy of boosting consumer demand based on the digital economy.

Due to the changing environment such as damming and storm surges, delta regions are extremely prone to compound flooding. Analyzing the occurrence probability of compound floods caused by storm surges and runoff, and clarifying the dominant factors of compound floods are of great significance for improving flood protection standards and preventing compound flood disasters. With the help of the Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Kendall trend test, and Copula function, the runoff and storm surge data of the river network in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) from 1961 to 2017 were selected to explore the correlation of factors and quantify the return period of compound floods. The results show that the compound floods at the North River stations were dominated by the extreme value of runoff, but showed a significant trend towards dominated by the extreme value of storm surges; while the compound floods at the West River stations were dominated by the extreme value of storm surges. Compound floods at the Huangjing and Xipaotai stations showed a significant trend towards dominated by the extreme value of runoff, and the transformation trends of other stations were the same as that of the North River stations. The degree of difference of the correlation coefficients of stations in the flood and dry seasons varied, and the sequence dominated by runoff extreme values showed a larger difference, especially in the flood season, with the maximum difference of 0.35. The combined return period of compound floods was about 50% shorter than that of the univariate ones. In the case of the univariate once-in-a-decade situation, the stations with the highest probability of occurrence of the bivariate flood are: Wanqingshaxi Station dominated by runoff extremes (5.71 years) and Hengmen Station (5.54 years) dominated by storm surge extremes, and significantly correlated stations in the runoff extremes dominant sequence are more sensitive to storm surge changes. The research results can provide protection schemes focusing on different dominant disaster-causing factors (such as storm surge, runoff, and so on) for flood control and disaster risk reduction of the PRD river network.