Cooperative innovation in the photovoltaic industry among global cities is a crucial cornerstone for sustainable development worldwide. Examining the evolution of innovation cooperation networks among global cities and the changing status of Chinese cities holds significant strategic importance for the development of strategic emerging industries and the enhancement of cities' status. Based on the patent cooperation data from 2000 to 2022, this study constructed innovation cooperation networks among 1382 global cities. Considering the life cycle of photovoltaic products, and using complex network analysis methods, this study elucidated the topological structure and spatial change of the global intercity photovoltaic industry innovation cooperation networks. Then, the changing status of Chinese cities was revealed. The results show that: 1) With the technology of the photovoltaic industry evolving from nascent stage to rapid growth and then to maturity and stability, the intensity of global photovoltaic industry innovation cooperation first grew and then became stable. 2) The global photovoltaic innovation cooperation network exhibited a pronounced spatial clustering, primarily concentrated in the eastern United States, Western Europe, and East Asia. The innovation network has transitioned from a "few-core dominance" centered on cities in the United States and Japan to a "multi-core interconnected" structure, gradually evolving into innovation clusters dominated by cities in China, India, Europe, and the United States. 3) City scale and innovation level had a significant positive impact on the intensity of photovoltaic industry innovation cooperation of cities. The carbon reduction policy had a strong driving effect on photovoltaic industry innovation in the early stage, but later showed a diminishing marginal effect. 4) Cities in China, represented by Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Shenzhen, have shown a continuous upward trend in their betweenness centrality and weighted centrality within networks. They have gradually transitioned from primarily importing technology to establishing mutually beneficial relationships in technology with domestic and international partners, ultimately evolving into technology exporters. Understanding the spatiotemporal change of the global photovoltaic industry innovation cooperation networks and the changing status of Chinese cities within it holds significant promise. It is expected to promote the restructuring of the photovoltaic industrial chain and the reconfiguration of the value chain. This, in turn, can reshape the spatial pattern of strategic emerging industries and regional innovation activities.

Photovoltaic (PV) power is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources globally, playing a pivotal role in driving the transformation of energy systems and reducing carbon emissions. To promote the expansion and rational layout of the domestic PV industry, the Chinese government has implemented a gradually declining national feed-in tariff policy for PV power generation setting by region and by category during 2012-2020. Quantitatively assessing the effectiveness of this policy is of great significance. This study aimed to provide a deep understanding of the mechanisms and effectiveness of the national PV feed-in tariff policies during its full evolution period (2012-2020). It explored the spatiotemporal patterns of centralized and distributed PV installations in China, their responses to the change of feed-in tariff policies, and the interactions between these policies and other influencing factors. Specifically, the study selected factors influencing PV power generation from four aspects: resource endowment, absorption capacity, construction capability, and policy factors. It identified five characteristic time points in the evolution of the policies—2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020—and conducted analysis at the provincial level. The geographical detector model (Geo-detector) was employed, which does not assume linearity. The findings indicate that: 1) There was a synergistic trend between the scale of China's categorized PV installations and the feed-in tariff policy, and the gradually declining subsidy has an inverted "U-shaped" influence on the scale of China's PV power industry, transitioning from strong stimulation to timely moderation. This aligned with the industry's periodic characteristics and phased developmental demands. 2) The regional and categorized feed-in tariff policies have spurred rapid expansion in the scale of distributed PV installations. This growth has complemented the increase in centralized installations spatially, contributing to an overall eastward shift and a more balanced development in China's PV power spatial pattern. 3) The synergistic effect of feed-in tariff policies with other factors has been enhanced overall, particularly by significantly enhancing the role of absorption capacity factors while relatively suppressing the role of resource endowment factors. This dual effect has promoted a shift in China's PV power from a supply-oriented growth model to one that is demand-driven and supply-demand balanced. Furthermore, it has optimized the spatial allocation of PV power resources. Overall, the PV feed-in tariff policies and their change have optimized the regulation of the spatiotemporal pattern of China's PV power, both through their direct impact and through synergies with other factors.

Changes in the spatial organization of regional (city) production trigger the restructure of manufacturing supply chain networks, providing a new perspective for urban network research. Using the transaction data of the top five customers and suppliers of listed manufacturing companies in the Yangtze River Delta from 2001 to 2020, this study mapped intercity manufacturing supply chain networks, with cities as the unit of analysis. It employed the social network analysis method to study the process of change of these networks and used TERGM to investigate their influencing factors. The research found that: 1) There was significant spatial heterogeneity in manufacturing supply chain linkages, with the process of change exhibiting notable spatial and path dependencies. Connections with the eastern region were consistently the strongest, while those with the northeastern region were the weakest, and connections with the central region were consistently stronger than those with the western region. 2) The network demonstrated clear hierarchical and disassortative characteristics. Intercity connections have become increasingly tight, although competition among core nodes was intense, and the network scale first increased and then decreased. 3) In terms of internal network relationships, mutuality, transitivity, and three-party groups had a significant promoting effect on the development of the network. Regarding external network relationships, factors such as labor resources, technological levels, geographical distance, and economic proximity also played a significant role in network change. This study helps to gain some insights into the dynamic characteristics of the supply chain in the manufacturing sector of the Yangtze River Delta, providing a reference for formulating relevant policies and strategies.

The coordinated development between digitization and greenization is of great significance in accelerating the formation of new quality productivity and promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. On the basis of constructing an analytical framework and evaluation indicator system, this study examined the spatial-temporal change of the coordinated development between digitization and greenization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2012-2021 by using the longitudinal and transversal pull-difference method, coupling and coordination model, and ESDA (exploring spatial data analysis), and identified its spatial spillover effect by using the SDM (spatial Durbin model). The results show that: 1) From the perspective of time series change, the coordinated development level between digitization and greenization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration had steadily increased, from nearly uncoordinated at the beginning of the period to an medium level of coordination, and the transfer of state had the effect of path dependence, which makes it difficult to achieve high-quality coordinated development in a short period of time. 2) In terms of spatial distribution, the coordinated development level between digitization and greenization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration presented a coastal-riverside-inland stepped decline pattern, and at the city level it showed a core-periphery and "V"-shaped distribution. In terms of spatial correlation, the coordinated development level between digitization and greenization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration showed significant local agglomeration characteristics. High-high type was mainly concentrated in the Shanghai metropolitan area, and low-low type was mainly distributed in Anhui Province. 3) The SDM regression showed that the coordinated development level between digitization and greenization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration had a significant positive spatial spillover effect, and economic development and scientific and technological innovation were the main sources of the positive spatial spillover effect. The spatial spillover effect showed an inverted "U-shaped" pattern of increase followed by decrease with distance, reaching a maximum at 300 km. Therefore, in the future, we should strengthen the two-way co-progressive effect of digitalization and greening, break down the institutional barriers that impede the flow of digital and green factors and resources, expand the spatial spillover boundaries for the coordinated development of the two, and boost the high-quality integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta region.

The development endowment of urban areas of counties determines the development potential and is the driving mechanism for realizing this potential in county urbanization, which plays a leading role in shaping county urbanization progress. Based on a proposed theoretical framework of county urbanization development endowment, this study selected Southwest China as the research object, and employed the TOPSIS entropy weight method, Kernel density estimation, and the spatial Durbin model to explore the spatiotemporal change characteristics of county urbanization development endowments and mechanisms in Southwest China from 2000 to 2020. The results reveal that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the development endowment level of county urbanization in Southwest China was relatively low, with a slow growth rate. The spatial distribution gradually evolved from a continuous patch distribution of high in the south and low in the north to a clustered pattern. High-value areas were primarily concentrated around provincial capitals and regional central cities, while low-value areas were mainly located in regions with fragile ecological environment, weak economic foundation, and backward infrastructure. 2) Over the two decades, all five sub-dimensions of county urbanization development endowment in Southwest China exhibited a steady upward trend, ranked as natural ecological environment, endowment, residential environment endowment, public service facilities endowment, non-agricultural industry development endowment, and sociocultural environment endowment. 3) The improvement in the level of county urbanization in Southwest China generated a positive spatial spillover effect on surrounding areas. The development endowment significantly enhanced urbanization development and exhibited boundary effect. 4) The spatial effects of the sub-dimensional endowments showed distinct regional heterogeneity, with the non-agricultural industry development endowment in urban agglomerations and the social and cultural environment endowment in non-urban agglomeration areas having significant negative spatial spillover effects. 5) The urbanization of counties in Southwest China is jointly driven by the non-agricultural industry development endowment, public service facilities endowment, living environment endowment, social and cultural environment endowment, and natural ecological environment endowment.

China is entering an era characterized by severe aging and high population mobility. Identifying regional types of population aging from the perspective of population mobility is essential for the effective implementation of national strategies aimed at addressing aging-related problems across various regions. This study proposed a method for categorizing regional types of population aging by integrating the composite index method of population mobility with elderly population location quotient. Using county-level data from the fifth, sixth, and seventh Chinese censuses, the study identified regional types of population aging across Chinese counties from 2000 to 2020, classifying them into seven categories: aging-in-place, (reverse) accumulation, (reverse) congregation, and (reverse) recomposition. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the factors contributing to population aging in different regional types. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of aging-in-place counties has significantly contracted, with the Huang-Huai-Hai region, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and southern areas of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangxi identified as the primary regions. 2) The distribution range of accumulation counties has expanded to the Northeast, Chengdu-Chongqing region, mid-Yangtze River Basin, and most part of of Gansu Province, while reverse accumulation counties are primarily located around the Pearl River Delta, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and southern Xinjiang. 3) Congregation counties are mainly urban districts within prefecture-level cities or county-level cities, while reverse congregation counties are concentrated in the core areas of the Beijing-Tianjin, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations. 4) Recomposition and reverse recomposition counties are mainly distributed in the northwestern half of the Hu Line, with the number of recomposition counties decreasing while reverse recomposition counties increasing. 5) Population aging in aging-in-place counties is primarily determined by regional socioeconomic development; population aging in congregation and reverse congregation counties is mainly influenced by population inflow; in accumulation and reverse accumulation counties, population outflow has altered the regional aging process; and in recomposition and reverse recomposition counties, the aging process is affected by both population inflow and outflow.

The rapid development of online food delivery services is profoundly shaping urban dining spaces. However, most current studies measure the growth of delivery services from a city-wide perspective and focus on single dimensions, with few studies conducting multidimensional analyses at the neighborhood level. Taking Nanjing City as a case study and drawing on multiple data sources, this research applied spatial statistical analysis methods and found the following: Firstly, at the neighborhood level, the density, diversity, and accessibility of online food delivery services exhibit a gradient spatial distribution pattern, with better development in the central area of the main city. Notably, compared to other two sub-cities, the Dongshan sub-city's central area forms clusters of neighborhoods with "high-high" concentrations of online food delivery services across all three dimensions. Secondly, the development of online delivery services is still influenced by various factors. Both population density and road network density consistently have a positive impact on the density, diversity, and accessibility of delivery services. Neighborhoods located closer to the city center tend to have higher delivery service density and diversity. Those with higher housing prices have access to more diverse delivery options. Additionally, neighborhoods with better accessibility to educational facilities also tend to enjoy higher delivery service accessibility. This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of online delivery services at the neighborhood scale, offering support for the formulation of strategies to optimize food service facility planning.

There is a close relationship between the distribution of commercial land and the occurrence of theft, but few studies have explored the differences of population activities on different levels of commercial land and their complex effects on the spatial pattern of theft. Taking ZG City as an example, this study subdivided land use levels based on the distribution characteristics of crowd activities and commercial facilities on commercial plots, explored the impact of different levels of commercial land use and its interaction with commercial facilities on theft, and explored the day and night differences between weekdays and weekends. The results show that: 1) Based on the distribution characteristics of population and commercial facilities, commercial land can be divided into low-, medium-, and high-grade types. After considering the influence of control variables such as active population, social disorder, traffic accessibility, and crime generators and attractors, only medium-grade commercial land can significantly increase the theft rate. 2) The interaction between medium- and high-grade commercial land and the number of commercial facilities inhibits the occurrence of theft, while the interaction between low-grade commercial land and the number of commercial facilities has the opposite effect, which is related to the complex nonlinear relationship between active population and theft. 3) The influence of control variables (active population, social disorder, traffic accessibility, and crime generators and attractors), the grade of commercial land, and their interaction on theft varies from time to time, or is closely related to the operating hours of different types of facilities and the activity preferences of people. The conclusion of this study enriches the research results in the field of criminal geography on the relationship between commercial land and theft, and provides a scientific basis for public security organs to formulate more targeted patrol and prevention strategies.

Human trafficking has existed since ancient times and persists to this day, causing serious damage to family and social harmony and stability. Based on open-source data on the Internet, this study employed statistical analysis and spatial visualization methods to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of child trafficking in Henan Province from 1970 to 2018. Furthermore, it exploreed the regional types and formation mechanisms of these crimes. The results are as follows: 1) From 1970 to 2018, the annual variation of child trafficking in Henan Province showed an inverted-"V" shape, high in the middle and low at both ends. It was closely related to fertility policies, anti-trafficking enforcement efforts, and shifts in societal attitudes. In terms of monthly variation, a clear seasonal differentiation was observed, with spring and summer being the peak seasons, largely influenced by climate, agricultural activities, and holidays. 2) The spatial distribution of child trafficking in Henan Province showed significant regional disparities. Hotspot areas include Huaxian County, Yuanyang County, and Lankao County in the northeast, and Erqi District in the central region, while most counties in the northwest, west, and south are low-incidence areas. 3) The regional types of child trafficking in Henan Province were mainly dominated by trafficking in boys, trafficking in girls, and trafficking out boys. Through the study period, the number of boy-inflow-dominant areas has decreased, while the number of boy-outflow-dominant areas has shown an upward trend, and the number of girl-inflow-dominant areas has shown a slight increase. 4) Due to the influence of the family planning policy, regions in Henan Province with severe son preference, poor economic development, and lower educational levels tend to traffic in boys due to restricted fertility, inability to conceive, or the loss of a son, driven by the purposes of "continuing the family line" and "providing old-age support", thereby forming the boy-inflow-dominant type. In contrast, regions with less pronounced son preference often desire "having both a son and a daughter", or some economically disadvantaged men seek to enter marriage by purchasing wives. When faced with fertility restrictions, inability to conceive, or marital mismatches, these regions tend to traffic in girls for the purposes of caregiving in old age and childbearing, forming the girl-inflow-dominant type. The formation of the trafficking out boys is facilitated by a robust buyer's market, sufficient criminal motivation, inadequate regulatory enforcement, market-driven criminal choices, and convenient transportation conditions.

As the impact of global warming continues to escalate, the number and severity of extreme weather events have increased significantly, posing a huge threat to life and property. Existing disaster research often focuses on single events and ignores their inherent complexity and cumulative impacts resulting from their association with other events. Therefore, we urgently need to have a deeper understanding of the patterns and mechanisms of extreme disaster events. To fill this research gap, this study extracted high temperature-heavy rainfall compound events from the meteorological observation data of 1886 stations in China's mainland from 1961 to 2020 and used Theil-Sen median slope estimation and Mann-Kendall trend test to explore their spatiotemporal distribution and change characteristics. The proportion of compound events in single events, the change cycle of compound events, the impact of urbanization on compound events, and the disaster risk assessment of compound events were explored from multiple perspectives. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The high temperature-heavy rainfall compound events mainly occurred in the eastern monsoon region, and the frequency of events was greatest in the central Sichuan Basin. 2) The frequency of compound events across the country and in each climate zone increased significantly during the study period, especially after 1990. 3) The proportion of compound events in extreme precipitation events increased significantly after 1990. 4) The North China Plain, Huang-Huai, Jiang-Huai, Jiang-Han, Sichuan Basin, and South China coastal areas were at high risk of disasters, and the above areas urgently need to give priority to effective early warning and response strategies to mitigate the impact of compound events.

Precipitation-runoff changes have an important impact on river material (such as phosphorus) transport. With the increasing extreme runoff events in rivers under climate change, there is a lack of systematic research on their impact on total phosphorus (TP) concentration and flux in large-scale river networks. Based on the daily TP observation data of 54 stations in the second-fifth order rivers of the Yangtze River system, this study examined the effects of runoff changes in the eight subbasins of the Yangtze River on river TP concentration and flux changes from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022, and analyzed the differences in the effects of extreme runoff on river phosphorus transport under different land use types. The results show that the daily TP concentrations during extreme runoff events in most of the rivers have increased (extreme runoff period > non-extreme runoff period), and the TP flux transported by rivers during extreme runoff events contributed greatly to the annual flux. The contributions of extreme runoff to annual TP flux in low-order rivers of the second-third orders were 66.34%-83.83%, and the contributions in the 4th-5th order rivers were 50.73%-73.19%. Statistical analysis showed that the effects of extreme runoff on river phosphorus transport under different land use types were quite different, and the performance was mixed type > forest and grass type. This study clarified the impact of extreme runoff on water quality changes and material transport in large-scale river networks. The results provide a scientific reference for how river water quality changes in response to climate change and water quality control in large-scale river networks.

The origin and spread of agriculture in the Holocene prompted humans to transition from hunting and gathering to the farming era. The changes in the Earth's surface cover caused by human activities during the early development of agriculture reveal the deep roots of changes in the Earth system over thousands of years, which is of great significance to the study of long-term changes in climate systems and ecosystems. Animal and plant archaeological research can reflect the situation of ancestors using and changing the environment to obtain food, providing favorable conditions for reconstructing early land use and land cover changes. This study used agricultural and archaeological research to explore the grain production, grain consumption, and population size of the ancestors in the middle Holocene, and reconstructed the cropland area and cropland spatial distribution pattern of the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in three periods: 6000-4500 a BP, 4500-3700 a BP, and 3700-2300 a BP. The results show that: 1) The grain production and grain consumption of the ancestors in the middle Holocene showed an upward trend with the development of agriculture and the diversification of crop structure. The average annual grain production was 193, 297, and 450 kg/hm², respectively, and the per capita annual consumption of grain was 220, 250, and 270 kg, respectively. 2) The population size in the middle Holocene continued to increase, at 16222, 24160, and 35885, respectively, which promoted the development of agriculture. 3) Under the pressure of increasing population, the cropland area in the middle Holocene continued to increase, reaching 36982, 40620, and 42289 hm² respectively. 4) The cropland was distributed in narrow strips along the rivers, and the cropland grid reclamation rate was low, mainly at 0-20%. In 6000-4500 a BP and 4500-3700 a BP, the highest reclamation rate of cropland grids was 61.3% and 69%, respectively, and in 3700-2300 a BP, the highest reclamation rate reached 92.7%, and 3.3% of the cropland grids had a reclamation rate of more than 30%.

The rapid development and widespread integration of digital technologies have profoundly transformed the economic structure, becoming a key force in reshaping national innovation patterns and empowering new quality productivity. Based on the invention patent data for key digital technologies in cities of China from 2014 to 2022, this study identified indicators such as the number of key digital technology patents and the technological relatedness density of key digital technologies, to depict the trends of change of China's key digital technology innovation landscape. The study divided cities into digital technology innovation core zones, sub-core zones, potential zones, and peripheral zones, and explored the impact of technological relatedness on urban specialization in new digital technologies. The findings reveal that: 1) China's key digital technology innovation was highly concentrated spatially, with a pronounced siphon effect. 2) The gap in new digital technology development potential between cities was narrowing, with many cities in the central and western regions showing a high degree of digital technology integration, ranking among the top 10 nationally in terms of technological relatedness. 3) Fifty-nine core zones have been identified, thirty of which are located in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban clusters. Nine potential zones were distributed around the core zones, contributing to regional technological complementarity. 4) Technological relatedness played a key role in the specialization of new digital technologies in cities of China. A 10% increase in technological relatedness led to a 9% increase in the likelihood of specialization in new digital technologies, with the largest increase observed in sub-core zones. Among the seven categories of technologies, the Internet of Things showed the greatest growth.This study reveals the spatial differentiation patterns of digital technology innovation, providing a scientific reference for formulating region-specific digital technology development strategies and promoting high-quality growth of the digital economy.

Based on Marxist productivity theory, cultural capital theory, and the connotation of new quality cultural and tourism productivity, an indicator system for evaluating the development level of new quality cultural and tourism productivity was constructed from three key elements: new quality cultural and tourism workforce, new quality cultural and tourism means of production, and new quality cultural and tourism objects of work. Spatial analysis methods such as entropy weight method, Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition method, and Markov chain analysis were used to estimate the development level, spatial-temporal pattern, and regional differences of cultural and tourism productivity in the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China during 2013-2022. The results show that: 1) The development level of new quality productivity of cultural and tourism industry in China showed an overall upward trend. 2) The regional distribution pattern was higher in the east, followed by the middle, and lower in the northeast and west. Regional difference was the main reason for the overall difference in the development level of cultural and tourism new quality productivity. 3) The development level of new quality productivity of cultural and tourism industry in each province was relatively stable, and there was a phenomenon of "club convergence". 4) High-level development provinces can drive the development of low-level provinces to a certain extent, which proves the existence of inter-provincial spillover effect. Based on the results, some recommendations were put forward, including enhancing the driving and supporting effects of demonstrations, formulating differentiated development strategies, and building cross-regional cultural and tourism innovation platforms.

Land tenure systems are fundamental to the arrangement of production relations within a nation, essential for managing the relationship between farmers and land, and a critical driver for promoting urban-rural integration (URI). Despite this, existing research has yet to fully elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms by which land tenure systems influence URI, particularly overlooking the pivotal role of bidirectional transfer of urban and rural labor (URBT). This study, leveraging the panel data from 30 provinces in China (the data in Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are temporarily unavailable) between 2008 and 2020, quantified the spatiotemporal change of URI and employed a continuous difference-in-differences (DID) model, integrated with an improved URBT regulatory variable, to examine the mechanism of impact of the separation of rural land rights policy on China's URI. The findings reveal that the level of URI in China has significantly increased from 0.41 in 2008 to 0.63 in 2020, marking a 53.66% rise, with an evolving spatial pattern characterized by "higher in the east, lower in the west, with expanding inter-regional disparities and narrowing intra-regional differences". The separation of rural land rights policy positively promoted the process of URI in China, but also exhibited spatial heterogeneity, with more pronounced impact in the eastern regions. The URBT had a significant impact on the separation of rural land rights policy's facilitation of URI, displaying an inverted "U"-shaped nonlinear regulatory effect. This article offered policy recommendations from three aspects: county urbanization, fiscal expenditure and coordinated transfer of agricultural population, and effective allocation of land resources, aiming to provide a scientific guidance for China's urban-rural integration development.

Exploring the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of forest land fragmentation in China is of great significance for promoting high-quality development in the forestry sector and enhancing the ecosystem service value of forests. Based on land cover data from 1992 to 2022, this study constructed a comprehensive forestland fragmentation indicator system using multidimensional landscape pattern metrics and analyzed the spatial-temporal trends and drivers of forestland fragmentation across China with spatial statistics and machine learning models. The findings are as follows: 1) In the study period, China's forestland fragmentation indices showed a shift around 2004, with a trend of gradual decline-fluctuating increase. Forest patch size, edge density, and shape regularity exhibited a decline-slight increase trend, while spatial dispersal followed a cyclical low-high-low-high fluctuation. 2) Spatially, forestland fragmentation was high in the south and low in the north, with the highest levels in Southeast China's low mountains and hilly forests, followed by tropical and southwestern mountainous forests, and the lowest in the northwestern mountains and the Inner Mongolia and Northeast forest regions. At the provincial level, fragmentation values peaked in Guizhou, gradually declining outward, with significant fragmentation also observed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, and Yunnan. 3) The drivers of forestland fragmentation varied across periods and regions. Throughout the study period, forest management practices generally mitigated fragmentation, while increasing population density and rising temperatures intensified it. From 1992 to 2001, temperature and timber production were the primary influences on fragmentation; from 2002 to 2011, cropland area and collective forest area became more impactful; and from 2012 to 2022, collective forest area became the leading factor. 4) An examination of the interaction effects among the drivers revealed that in areas with low precipitation and limited forest management intensity, excessive afforestation can exacerbate fragmentation, while fragmentation trends are stronger in regions with higher rainfall and temperatures. Afforestation helps mitigate the adverse impacts of cropland expansion on forestland fragmentation.This study deepens the understanding of forestland spatial pattern evolution in China, identifies regional drivers of fragmentation, and provides a theoretical basis and policy support for optimizing forestland management, promoting intensive use, and enhancing forest ecosystem services.

Scientifically examining the adaptation relationship between urban recreationalization and human settlement quality is of significant importance for advancing urban renewal and enhancing the well-being and happiness of residents. This study explored the contemporary connotations of human settlement quality from the perspective of the living-ecological-production-life quadruple spatial framework, conducted an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of adaptation between urban recreationalization and human settlement quality, and constructed a pertinent evaluation indicator system. By employing a comprehensive adaptation model and an optimal parameter geodetector, the study also revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of adaptation. The results show that: 1) From 2011 to 2022, the indices pertaining to urban recreationalization and human settlement quality in the Yangtze River Delta region exhibited a sustained upward trend. Industrial development recreationalization had been the major factor driving urban recreationalization, yet there was a clear need for the further integration and dissemination of recreational activities integrated within everyday lifestyle practices. The production space had significantly contributed to the human settlement quality, while it is crucial to enhance the beneficial effects of ecological and life spaces. 2) The adaptation index for urban recreationalization and human settlement quality in the Yangtze River Delta region showed marked improvement, rising from a score indicative of minimal adaptation (0.551) in 2011 to a score reflective of moderate adaptation (0.732) by 2022. The spatial distribution of adaptation types transitioned from a "scattered" pattern to a more "clustered" aggregation, with high adaptation levels observed in cities such as Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Hefei, as well as their surrounding areas. 3) The coordinated adaptation of urban recreationalization and the quality of the living environment in the Yangtze River Delta region was influenced by a variety of factors, including the natural environment, economic development, urban construction, and policy support. The degree of industrial structure upgrading, the nighttime light index, the extent of built-up areas, and the intensity of urban land expansion were crucial drivers, and the interaction between the nighttime light index, the degree of industrial structure upgrading, and the urban land expansion index had high explanatory power. The research can provide theoretical support for promoting the integrated development of regional culture, tourism and leisure and building livable cities.

Accurately quantifying the complex relationships between urban rail transit and residential property prices along its lines can help optimize land resource utilization and enhance residents' well-being. Taking Lanzhou City as a case, this study employed multi-source heterogeneous data to develop a methodology that integrates an Optuna-optimized XGBoost model with the interpretability techniques of SHAP-PDP. This approach aims to investigate the mechanisms through which subway characteristics influence housing prices and quantitatively analyze the interactive effects between subway characteristics and other key influencing factors. The results reveal that: 1) The XGBoost model outperforms decision trees, random forests, gradient boosting decision trees, and CatBoost, achieving an explanatory power of 77.29%, making its predictions more reliable. 2) Property management fees, betweenness centrality, vegetation coverage, density of transportation facilities, and density of financial institutions are the top five contributors to housing prices, collectively accounting for 46.07% of relative importance. Among subway-related characteristics, network centrality of subway stations exerts a significantly greater impact on housing prices than proximity to the nearest station. 3) The effects of distance to subway station, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality on housing prices exhibit nonlinear characteristics with distinct threshold effects, indicating that the influence intensity fluctuates significantly with changing conditions. 4) Apart from property management fees, subway characteristics interact intricately with vegetation coverage, density of functional facilities, and building age, yielding positive interactive effects only within specific ranges. Therefore, maintaining various feature elements within optimal ranges is an effective approach to capturing land value premiums. The findings provide a theoretical reference for scientifically assessing the impact of rail transit on urban development, helping to avoid decision-making blind spots caused by information asymmetry. Additionally, they offer policy insights for achieving stable housing price regulation and enhancing the efficiency of urban spatial governance.

Optimizing land use allocation, mitigating land use conflicts, and achieving coordinated development of socioeconomic activities and ecological protection are key points for supporting planning decisions and ensuring regional sustainable development. This study coupled the GMOP-PLUS model to optimize and simulate land use of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in 2035 and used land use dynamics, landscape indices, and land use conflict assessments to evaluate and analyze multiple scenarios, and subsequently explored the future trends and conflict differentiation characteristics of land development in the region through spatial correlation analysis. The results show that: 1) The coupled model, combined with multi-scenario analysis, can determine a balanced multi-objective land use optimization scheme, with NSGAII outperforming the ideal point method for solving multi-objective problems. 2) The dual-objective development optimization model offers a better comprehensive evaluation of land use, benefiting the protection of arable land and ecology, as well as the stable development of the land system. 3) Future development in the study area will rely on the aggregation and expansion of existing construction land, which tends to disrupt arable land and water bodies. Additionally, land encroachment and rising dynamics caused by construction expansion are likely to exacerbate land use conflicts. Accordingly, regional development must prioritize the reasonable control of construction expansion. 4) The area of high construction intensity, high dynamics, and high conflict, spanning from southern Kunming to western Qujing and eastern Yuxi, should be planned as the key control zone for construction, while areas characterized by low construction intensity, low dynamics, and high conflict are likely to emerge in urban development interaction zones. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the quality and radiative capacity of regional development hubs and strengthen the coordinated development of cities within the region. This study can provide theoretical and practical references for regional sustainable development and planning decision-making.

Townships, as the fundamental units of China's urban system, are crucial carriers for implementing rural revitalization and urban-rural integration strategies, and their high-quality development needs to align with the vision of rural revitalization. Based on an analytical framework of ecology, human settlement, and industry synergy, this research explored the complex relationships of township multi-objective management through three analytical scales: grid, administrative village, and industrial cluster. Taking Fengmao Town in Zaozhuang City as a case, this study explored the challenges and implementation pathways for high-quality township development. The research findings are as follows: 1) From the single-dimensional perspective, Fengmao shows significant differences across ecological, human settlement, and industrial dimensions. High ecological value areas are mainly concentrated in the central part of the town, areas with better living environments are distributed in the southwest, while industrial development shows characteristics of structural simplicity and spatial imbalance. 2) The multi-dimensional assessment results indicate that areas of high and relatively high importance in ecology, human settlement, and industry account for 10.16%, 10.73%, and 20.00% respectively, while areas of low and relatively low importance account for 89.84%, 89.27%, and 80.00% respectively. Their spatial distribution exhibits dual characteristics of similarity and variability, urgently requiring optimization of coordinated layout for different functions to meet the needs of various governance objects and units. 3) Based on the multi-objective trade-off and synergy classification, significant differences exist across scales. Comprehensive coordination areas dominate at all scales, industrial advantage areas are prominent at the grid and industrial cluster scales, ecological advantage areas are concentrated at the administrative village scale, while human settlement advantage areas are at a disadvantage. The expansion of industrial advantage areas conflicts with ecological protection, while the limited distribution of human settlement areas hinders improvement of the quality of life. Spatial coordination grapples with centralization and decentralization, complicating cross-scale collaborative management. Addressing these challenges requires flexible, refined strategies with timely feedback mechanisms to balance ecological preservation, industrial growth, and human settlement optimization, fostering high-quality coordinated township development.