Territory is the key concept in political geography, and territorial trap is one of the most classical theories in political geography. This article systematically reviewed the literature on territorial traps, summarized the origin, development, and research progress of the territorial trap theory, and discussed its significance in Chinese political geographical studies. The theory of territorial trap proposed by Agnew is based on three geographical assumptions: the "trinity" of territory-state-sovereignty, the "dichotomy" of domestic-foreign, and the state as a social container. The territorial trap theory refutes the existing state-centric view of territory and emphasizes various effective forms of sovereignty besides the state's territory, such as extraterritorial sovereignty, graduated sovereignty, and social sovereignty. The extensive application of the territorial trap theory reflects its strong explanatory power in global governance, non-traditional security, cross-border migration control, cross-border resource protection, cross-border water politics, and so forth. This article argued that territorial issues should be understood from the complex interaction between territorial control and effective sovereignty and the perspectives from the center and periphery, and be examined by combining rationality and historical emotion. It has important implications for China to effectively resolve territorial issues, promote the realization of the Belt and Road Initiative, and establish the "community with a shared future for mankind".

In the new era, research on China's population aggregation and decentralization in different types of regions is of great reference value for the implementation of strategies for the new-type urbanization and rural revitalization. Therefore, we studied the spatiotemporal variations of population in China and its different types of regions (for example, urban agglomerations, original contiguous destitute areas, and border areas) at the county level based on the data of three censuses from 2000 to 2020. The results show that: 1) The pattern of China's population distribution, which is dense in the east and sparse in the west, had not fundamentally changed, and the population ratio of the southeast side to the northwest side of the Hu line is still 94∶6. Furthermore, the Chinese population had entered a period of negative growth, and more than half of the counties had negative population growth from 2010 to 2020. 2) The urban agglomeration areas were the main areas carrying China's population, accounting for nearly 90% of China's total population in 2020. From 2010 to 2020, among the 19 urban agglomerations of China, the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta had the most significant population growth, while the Harbin-Changchun and central-southern Liaoning urban agglomerations experienced negative population growth. 3) The population of original contiguous destitute areas dropped continuously from 2000 to 2020, and the total population decreased by more than 11 million during the 20 years. But the population growth of three prefectures of southern Xinjiang and the Tibet area inhabited by ethnic minorities exceeded 15% from 2010 to 2020. 4) The population of border areas had been basically stable, but the population agglomeration index and population density decreased slightly from 2000 to 2020. In particular, the population of the northeastern and northern border areas declined significantly, both with a decrease of 15% from 2010 to 2020. The implications of this study are that the government should attach greater importance to the actual status of population change for carrying out targeted policies—such as the new-type of urbanization, rural revitalization, and national defense and security—under the new situation.

Urban transportation resilience reflects the ability of the transportation system to maintain its basic functions and structure through its resistance, mitigation, and absorption under extreme conditions, or the ability to restore the original equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium state within a reasonable time and with reasonable cost. Global warming, sea-level rise, and rapid urbanization all increase the risk of compound extreme weather events, presenting challenges for the operation of urban-related infrastructure including transportation infrastructure. In this context, some questions become important. For example, how to measure the strength of urban transportation resilience under extreme weather events (including the impact of different extreme weather event intensities on its strength); how to monitor its spatial and temporal features and evolution trends; and how long will it take for the entire system to restore balance? At present, effective monitoring methods for transportation resilience under the influence of extreme events are lacking, especially the monitoring of the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of transportation resilience under climate change, to answer these questions. Therefore, it is urgently needed to solve the problem of accurately identifying the state of urban transportation resilience under extreme weather events and improving the level of prevention and control of transportation system impact of natural hazard-related disasters. The development of big data mining technology and deep learning methods for spatiotemporal prediction made the construction of spatiotemporal datasets for evaluating and predicting urban transportation resilience possible. Such datasets can reveal the spatiotemporal evolution features, changing trends of urban transportation resilience intensity under the influence of extreme weather events, as well as the mechanism of influence. It indicates the key research areas that should be focused on for transportation resilience under climate warming. This article reviewed and summarized the research on transportation resilience in China and internationally in the past 50 years, analyzed the deficiencies in the existing research based on the relevant research results of transportation resilience in China and globally, and identified the key areas and directions of the research on transportation resilience under climate warming in order to provide new ideas for future research on transportation resilience.

Improving the carbon sequestration and sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems is one of the most economical and green ways to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals on schedule. Soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), as important soil organic carbon fractions, are the key to understanding changes in the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that climate warming has changed the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and affected the input of organic carbon from plants and microorganisms at the same time, but there is no unified conclusion on the response of soil organic carbon components to climate warming and their controlling factors. This article systematically introduced the framework of soil particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. The formation, transformation, and stabilization of the two components were described. The article reviewed current research progresses on the response of soil particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon to climate warming and their influencing factors. On this basis, the shortcomings of existing research and future challenges were discussed, and the key scientific issues that need to be solved urgently at present and future research directions were proposed, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of soil organic carbon management and solutions to climate change.

The peaking time and peak Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) are important indicators of vegetation phenology and growth that play a decisive role in annual productivity. Using MODIS EVI (MOD13C1) data and a double logistic four-parameter model, we quantified the spatial and temporal variations of peaking time of vegetation growth and peak EVI, and their sensitivities to climate at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during 2001-2020. The results show that: 1) During the 20 years, the peaking time of vegetation growth occurred between June and August. It first advanced and then delayed with the increase in latitude. Discounting land north of 70°N, the peaking time tended to advance with increasing latitude. Peak EVI ranged between 0.2 and 0.6, with higher EVI in high latitudes. 2) The spatially averaged peaking time of vegetation growth in the study area showed a nonsignificant advancing trend during the study period (0.12 d/a, p>0.05). The percentage of pixels showing advancing trend (60.3%) was larger than that with delaying trend (39.7%). Peak EVI showed a significant increasing trend, with an increase of 0.01/10 a (p<0.01). Spatially 74.5% of the study area showed an increasing trend in peak EVI. 3) During 2001-2020, the impacts of changing temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover in the spring and the summer were widespread. Temperature had the strongest effect on the peaking time and peak EVI of vegetation growth, with asymmetric effects at high latitudes. At low latitudes, a rise in temperature was likely to decrease peak EVI through events such as droughts. In contrast, the effects of precipitation and cloud cover on the peaking time and peak EVI of vegetation growth were relatively complex and spatially heterogeneous. The results of our study may provide data and information to elucidate the mechanisms that drive vegetation phenology and growth patterns and their responses to climate change at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and to predict the impacts on ecosystem changes.

As the world's geopolitical game center of gravity shifts to the Asia-Pacific region, China's periphery and the areas along the Belt and Road will be the areas where shatter belts are most likely to occur, facing huge geopolitical risks. In this article, we traced the origin of the concept of shatter belt, reviewed the relevant research progress of shatter belt, and proposed the future research direction of shatter belt in China. "Shatter belt" was introduced from geology to geopolitical research in the early 20th century and was mainly used to analyze and explain the influence of geographic configurations on conflicts. Research on shatter belt mainly focused on the interpretation of its basic characteristics, analysis of the distribution and evolution of shatter belts, and exploration of the integration paths of shatter belts. The research methods were mostly qualitative analysis and description. The research of shatter belt was mainly concentrated on periods of dramatic changes in the global geopolitical situation and the Eurasian rimland. Future directions of shatter belt research in China should include: 1) constructing a theoretical analysis framework of shatter belt, and strengthening the visualization, quantification, and simulation of shatter belt by combining big data and other analytical methods; 2) strengthening the examination of the evolution processes and driving mechanisms of shatter belts in China's peripheral regions and along the Belt and Road, and identifying and assessing the geopolitical risks in shatter belts; and 3) exploring the ways to integrate shatter belts by combining the thought of a community with shared future for mankind.

Since the 1990s, a new branch discipline, health geography, has developed from Western medical geography. Under this new disciplinary framework, the focus of geographic research has gradually shifted from disease and medical services to health and well-being in a broad sense, and related studies have had a significant impact in the fields of geography and social sciences. These studies on healing share a common theoretical foundation—the concept of "therapeutic landscape" proposed by Gesler in 1992—and gradually developed a set of influential theories in the subsequent development, becoming a well-deserved important theoretical contribution to health geography. As a core theoretical framework of health geography, the study of therapeutic landscapes is rarely mentioned in geographic research in China. This article reviewed the theoretical development process and current research progress on the use of therapeutic landscapes since the 1990s. The therapeutic landscape concept draws on structuralist and humanistic theories of new cultural geography. Influenced by the relational turn of geography in the later period, it gradually developed into the most influential theoretical framework of health geography. Therapeutic landscape research from a relational perspective has been deeply influenced by theories such as non-representational theory, actor network theory, and the mobility turn, and has gradually developed branch theories such as therapeutic assemblage, enabling place, therapeutic mobility, and therapeutic "taskscapes". Finally, the article summarized some challenges in the current research on therapeutic landscapes, and put forward suggestions for the development of health geography under the framework of therapeutic landscapes in the future.

In recent years, the frequent extreme weather and climate events have attracted wide attention. Their disastrous process often stems from the interaction of multiple factors, which brings many challenges to regional security and risk prevention. Starting from a bibliometric analysis, this article systematically reviewed the progress of research on compound extreme events by focusing on the conceptual features, classification, and driving factors of such events, and summarizing the main methods for the spatial-temporal dependance analysis and hazard assessment of compound events. The review found that: 1) The research on compound extreme events has developed rapidly in recent years, and the types of events studied have become increasingly rich and diverse. 2) The research system has been established and increasingly improved, with significant advance in the research on the conceptual characteristics, dependance, causative mechanism, and risk assessment. 3) The research techniques were constantly evolving. Statistical modeling for joint probability based on Copula has developed from two-dimensional to multidimensional, and from static to dynamic; the precision of numerical simulations represented by the coupled hydrological-hydrodynamic and ocean models has been continuously improved. But further in-depth studies are still needed, especially for some key and difficult problems, such as diagnosing and modeling the complex dependance structure of temporally and spatially compounding events, the synthetic effect of weather system, large-scale circulation and human activity impact on the formation of compound events, hazard scenarios and multidimensional joint probability analysis of compound events, and so on. In addition, it is urgent to explore the non-stationary changes of the marginal distribution and dependance structure of compound events under climate change and their impact on the risk of compound events in the future.

The urban life cycle theory was proposed by Hall and Van den Berg and colleagues based on European urban research. According to the changes in the population of the urban core and rings, the urban spatial evolution process is divided into four stages: Urbanization, suburbanization, deurbanization, and reurbanization. The stage alternation and specific stages described by the theory have also been confirmed by subsequent empirical research, and this theory has been widely applied in identifying and studying the stages of urban development. However, this theory has been criticized and questioned as follows: 1) The process of urban development cannot be measured solely from a single population change perspective; 2) There are heterogeneities in urban development under different backgrounds; 3) The division of stages is unreasonable and debatable; and 4) Urban space does not always evolve linearly in a unidirectional order. In this context, many studies have made revisions, supplements, and improvements to this theory, and some new theories have been proposed, but there is still room for breakthroughs and development. Future breakthroughs can be made in the following aspects: 1) Incorporate marginal cities, shrinking cities, gentrification, and new urban phenomena into research of the post crisis and post pandemic period, and consider changes in people's lifestyle and thinking, socioeconomic background, and so on, to expand the applicability of the theory; 2) Refine urban types to identify the diversity of evolution, and conduct comparative research to identify urban life cycle models that are suitable for China; 3) Incorporate population structure and integrate the data of population size, age, and household and socioeconomic characteristics to enhance the depth of urban spatial analysis; and 4) Increase research on the migration of residents and businesses, expand micro-scale perspectives, and integrate multiple urban systems to enhance the comprehensiveness of urban spatial evolution theory.

The combinations of regional climate factors and climate risk types caused by temperature rise in the backdrop of global warming are complex and diverse. South and Southeast Asia (SSEA) have attracted great attention due to their tropical monsoon climate and related unique characteristics. Exploring the patterns of change in temperature and precipitation in SSEA is of great significance for evaluating their effects on regional human activities and disaster risk such as the occurrence and development of active fires. Based on the 1980-2018 global climate element dataset (Climatologies at High Resolution for the Earth Land Surface Areas (CHELSA) V2.1, 30″×30″), and using statistical methods such as linear fitting and Mann-Kendall test, the spatiotemporal characteristics and evolution trends of temperature and precipitation in SSEA were examined from the aspects of overall trend of change and regional difference characteristics. The main conclusions are that: First, precipitation in SSEA has increased significantly in the past nearly four decades. A mutation of the trend of precipitation was detected in 2005. Second, nearly 2/3 of the SSEA region experienced an increasing trend of precipitation. Although rainfall change intensities in South Asia and Southeast Asia were similar in the rainy season, the amplitude in Southeast Asia was greater in the dry season. Third, SSEA has shown a significant warming trend in the last 40 years, and difference in monthly temperature rise was slight. Fourth, the regions with an increasing trend in temperature accounted for nearly 99.13% of SSEA, and the temperature change in Southeast Asia was more significant than that in South Asia during the rainy season. However, temperature rise in South Asia was more significant in the dry season, while it was the opposite in Southeast Asia. Finally, SSEA showed a notable trend of warming-wetting climate since the 1980s, which was featured by greater significance and intensity of temperature and precipitation changes in Southeast Asia.

Through extensive and detailed field investigation inside and outside the Zoige Basin in eastern Tibet Plateau, a typical sedimentary profile containing the stratigraphic sequence of paleolake facies and paleo-riverbed floodplain facies was found in the front of the second terrace of the Yellow River in the Maqu section at the outlet of the Zoige Basin. Through grain size characteristic analysis and Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL) dating, we found that: 1) The pale-blue-grey paleolake sedimentary layer in the profile indicates that the lacustrine sediment formed in the deep-water anoxic environment, while the mottled pebble layer covered by the pale-yellow-orange lenticular sand layer was a typical fluvial floodplain sediment, which indicates the process of strong dynamic flow. The unconformable contact relationship between the two layers indicates that the profile is a typical sedimentary evidence for studying the Zoige Basin dissected by the Yellow River. 2) The OSL dating results of the top boundary of the pale-blue-gray paleolake sedimentary layer and the bottom boundary of the paleoshore-shallow lake sedimentary layer show that the Yellow River dissected the Zoige Basin at 37 ka BP, resulting in the leakage of lake water. At 35 ka BP, the lake water became shallow and disappeared, and then the Yellow River connected the water system of the Zoige Basin. 3) The strong neotectonic movement of the East Kunlun fault in late Pleistocene and the warm and humid climate of the Tibet Plateau in 37 ka resulted in the aggravation of the headward erosion of the paleo-Yellow River source in the rift valley grassland, and the Zoige Basin was dissected by the paleo-Yellow River from the west to the east in the Maqu bottleneck reach, resulting in the discharge of the paleolake water through the Yellow River, thus connecting the water system of the Zoige Basin and making it the source of the Yellow River. The study results have important scientific significance for an in-depth understanding of the evolution of river-lake water system and the formation of Yellow River water system in northeastern Tibet Plateau.

Amidst economic globalization, commerce and trade have become increasingly interwoven with national security and foreign policy, emphasizing the growing interdependence of commerce, trade, and foreign policy in the 21st century. This trend has intensified in the 21st century, with the rise of multipolar economies and growing trade and technology conflicts, particularly between China and the United States, fueling interest in geoeconomic research. However, geoeconomic studies still lack clear theoretical and conceptual definitions as well as a complete qualitative analytical framework, posing challenges in supporting China's peaceful rise with a theoretical perspective. This study reviewed the current landscape of Western geoeconomic research, uncovering that: 1) the theoretical development of Western geoeconomics has evolved through two phases: germination and initiation; 2) three predominant schools have emerged: geostrategy, economic geography, and critical geography; 3) geoeconomics and geopolitics are deeply intertwined, rooted in "capitalistic logic" and "territorial logic", respectively; 4) extant empirical research spans various topics, including geoeconomic strategies, the application and impact of geoeconomic tools, and the discourse and conceptualization of geoeconomics. Finally, this article pointed out that geoeconomics is a tangible reality and represents a form of political geography driven by capitalistic logic, focusing on geopolitical spatial economics. It is dialectically integrated with geopolitics, serving both as a diplomatic policy practice and an analytical framework. Based on the coupling of existing research and China's contemporary context, this article suggests that future research in China should address geoeconomic resilience, the implementation and effectiveness of geoeconomic tools at varying scales, geoeconomic practices in smaller countries and third countries, geoeconomics from the perspective of urban regionalism, and the interplay between geoeconomic discourses and practices, to advance geoeconomic theories in China. This research is helpful to accurately and comprehensively understanding geoeconomics, grasping the development trends of Western geoeconomics, and better guiding the development of geoeconomics in China, so as to serve the implementation of "the Belt and rRoad Initiative" and the peaceful rise of China.

Exploring the construction and reconstruction of the global value chain led by Huawei mobile phones from the perspective of urban networks is of great significance. This study examined the construction and reconstruction of the global value chain dominated by Huawei mobile phones in the process of catching up in technology development. Taking the official effective date of the "Entity List" as the turning point, this study systematically examined the data of Huawei's mobile phone suppliers before and after the "supply disruption". With the application of the headquarters-branches model, social network analysis, and community detection methods, the spatial distribution, network structure, and community structure of research and development (R&D)-oriented, production-oriented, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-oriented urban networks are uncovered. The results show that: 1) The production organization mode of Huawei mobile phones has a typical feature of global R&D + domestic production/OEM. After the supply disruption, R&D suppliers withdraw obviously, and the substitution trend of core components was clear. 2) After the supply disruption, the influence and control power of Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Beijing in the urban networks increased significantly, especially in the R&D-oriented urban network. 3) The influence and control power of cities where U.S. high-value suppliers are located have dropped significantly. The influence and control power of cities where high-value suppliers from Japan and South Korea are located, mainly memory chips and camera chips, have increased significantly. 4) After the supply disruption, the network agglomeration effect of high-, medium-, and low-value production links increased to varying degrees, promoting a more regionalized Huawei value chain. 5) After the supply disruption, the biggest changes from before the disruption occurred in the R&D urban communities. The number and scale of production-oriented urban communities were moderate, and there were obvious hierarchical differences among communities. The number of OEM-oriented urban communities was the smallest, and the connections within the community were sparse. The combination strategy of globalized layout and domestic substitution is a feasible path for Huawei to solve the supply problem. It also provides some references for high-tech firms in developing countries to achieve catch-up.

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has developed rapidly from establishing in the mid-1990s, which provides irreplaceable data support for global climate change simulation and future climate change projection. This paper reviewed systematically the development process from CMIP1 to CMIP6, including theoretical framework, future scenario construction, international participation, etc. On this basis, the paper comprehensively summarized the performance of CMIP models in simulating global and China's temperature, precipitation, and other variables. Furthermore, the simulation results of historical experiment in CMIP3, CMIP5 and CMIP6 was emphatically compared. With the development of CMIP, the simulation performance of global climate models has also been improved due to the improvements of physical parameterization scheme and spatial resolution. However, the performances of CMIP models in simulating climate characteristics at regional scale are still limited, especially for the simulations of precipitation change in small-middle scale, and the simulation performances of different models varies greatly. Finally, the paper looks forward to the possible development directions of CMIP models according to the above problems.

This study summarized the core research problems of social-ecological systems, focusing on the types, characteristics, and development trend of social-ecological system structure, with novel explorations of network modeling. Social-ecological system research covers three fundamental aspects of state, process, and response. The structural research at the state level has revealed the structural characteristics of the social-ecological systems and the interaction mechanism between elements, and has formed six basic structural types, including hierarchical, comprehensive interactive, balanced, collaborative, axial network, and open space, but it is still necessary to introduce new structural modeling ideas to broaden the research path in this direction. This study exploratively proposed the hexagonal circular network structure, clarified that the social-ecological system is a network structure operated by a double-chain nested cycle, and systematically answered the questions of what elements constitute the social-ecological system; what are the related characteristics between them; and what is the operation principle of the final system structure. In this article, the basic elements of a social-ecological system are summarized into six elements: population, capital, facility, management, resource, and environment, which are connected by the basic material circulation chain and the basic social production chain. It also tentatively put forward the hexagonal circular network structure of social-ecological systems, and expounded that social-ecological system is a network structure operated by double chain nested cycle. The structural modeling of social-ecological system is related to the basic attributes and architecture of the system. The hexagonal circular network follows the modeling process of point-line-grid-network and the principle of element flow network nested cycle, which suggests that the realization of sustainable development should be based on the balance between social and ecological subsystems. With the increasingly more comprehensive, complex, and uncertain relationship between human and the environment, this study maintained that the research on social-ecological system structure should make breakthroughs in three aspects in the future: theory, method, and application. It is necessary to strengthen the integration and support of multi-disciplinary theories, the mutual learning and innovation of multi-type modeling in method, and the expansion and promotion of multi-domain services in application.

Urban shrinkage is a new phenomenon in the process of China's rapid urbanization, which brings great impact and challenge to the traditional regional-urban planning cognitive theory and planning paradigm based on "growth scenario simulation". How to construct the theoretical and analytical framework of urban shrinkage research in China has become the focus of academia and planning management departments. The following issues were analyzed in the study: 1) Systematically reviewed the origin of the concept of urban shrinkage, the relationship between urban shrinkage and urban growth, urbanization, and its relationship with localization and internationalization. It pointed out that urban shrinkage and urban growth are the products of different process in two directions in the development of regional urbanization, also a product embedded in globalization and rooted in localization. It is necessary to avoid "discussing urban shrinkage based only on shrinking cities" in the study. 2) Distinguished and defined the concept and connotation of urban shrinkage and shrinking city. It pointed out that the inconsistency of current identification standards for shrinking cities stems from the confusion between the concept of shrinking city and urban shrinkage, the emphasis on the description of shrinkage concepts, and the negligence of the development correlation between factors and functions. 3) Conducted a preliminary study on the connotation of urban shrinkage research "sinicization" from the aspects of research scope, research period, definition standard, research background, and regional differences. It proposed to take the urban built-up area as the research scope and 10 years as the investigation period, use comprehensive indicators to replace single population indicator to construct the identification standard and method system of shrinking city, and use the analysis of the overall development environment of the city and its related areas and prediction of and response to the formation and development of shrinking city as the bases, to realize "sinicization". 4) Constructed a framework and path of shrinking city research in the Chinese context based on property right region, field theory, regional association, and regional difference. This study aimed to engage geographers in China for an in-depth discussion of the "sinicization" of urban shrinkage research, so as to provide Chinese experience for the study of urban shrinkage globally.

The securities of water, energy, and food are three sustainable development goals (SDGs) and have close interactions with other SDGs. Based on the recent studies of the theory, methodology, and application of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF nexus) system, this study analyzed the WEF nexus system in terms of its definition and composition, internal interaction processes, inputs and outputs, and influencing factors. In the process of analysis, the characteristics of the spatial and temporal scales of the research object were taken into account, and the inputs and outputs of the WEF nexus system were clarified from the perspective of the material, energy, and information flows. This study also illustrates the positive and negative impacts of climate change on the water, energy, and food subsystems and their interactions, as well as the impacts of human activities on the WEF nexus system. Furthermore, a research framework of the WEF nexus system covering research themes-disciplinary theories-technical methods-practical applications was proposed, according to the interactions of the WEF nexus system and other SDGs. The introduced framework illustrates three research topics: 1) Linkages within the WEF nexus system and the overall state. 2) The drivers of system change. 3) The influences of the system on socioeconomic development, ecological and environmental protection, and so on. At last, this study highlights the urgent need for interdisciplinary analysis of WEF nexus systems due to the insufficient research and application of nexus relationships and the diversity of spatial and temporal boundaries. The research perspectives based on comprehensive analysis indicators and calculation methods of nexus relationships are presented, and the necessity and ways of coupled application of multi-scale research results is introduced. This study provides a new insight into the research on the basic theory and application of the WEF nexus system, as well as some guidance on the analytical ideas and methods of global and regional sustainable development goals.

The locational association of industrial layout is an important element in the study of the spatial structure of regional industries and their spatial relationship. In this study, we constructed a database of semiconductor enterprises in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and examined the spatial pattern of the semiconductor industry and its locational association characteristics in the region by using kernel density analysis and synergistic locational analysis. The results show that: 1) Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan formed important spatial clusters of the semiconductor industry in the PRD region, and the semiconductor design segment is a common choice for entering the semiconductor industry chain in the PRD region. 2) Although Guangzhou has formed specialized clusters in design, materials, and discrete device manufacturing, only its discrete device manufacturing segment has formed a locational synergy with the design and packaging segments; while Shenzhen has formed a synergistic relationship with the design equipment. 3) Guangzhou's specialization in discrete device manufacturing is a transitional state in the construction of the semiconductor industry chain, while Shenzhen's advantage in the construction of the whole industry chain is based on the high concentration of digital technology enterprises in the city and the establishment of common knowledge, technology, and human resources bases through the semiconductor design segment and other segments.

Since the rise of geomedia in recent years, the previous boundaries between production and consumption, and between technical object and symbolic representation in urban public space and everyday life space are increasingly blurred, leading to the need for theoretical innovation in terms of the "virtual/physical" dualism in geography. The development of geographies of media and communication, which is the outcome of the "spatial turn" of media research and the "communication turn" of geography, contains the potential to break through the dualism. This article reviewed the core concepts, main issues, and research framework of geographies of media and communication in order to promote the academic dialogue between Chinese scholars in geography and media and communication studies, as well as to expand the research field of Chinese human geography. First, geographies of media and communication in Western geography was founded on the dynamic relational notions of media and space that were deeply influenced by postmodernism and posthumanism thoughts, including core concepts such as texture, mobility, materiality, and embodiment. Second, existing studies mainly focus on the spatiality of digital media and posthumanism media, the hybrid space politics dominated by digital media representation and algorithmic logic, as well as the hybrid space experience brought by mobile media. Finally, this article referred to the "thirdspace" as a potential direction for geographies of media and communication to surpass the previous dualism, and materiality and embodiment serve as the ontological bridge between media and space.

Based on the panel data of 238 countries and regions, this study examined the change of the spatial pattern of the global grain trade network at different scales from 1988 to 2018. The zero-inflated negative binomial was introduced to construct the gravity model for analyzing the driving factors of the global grain trade network. The results show that: 1) The scale of the global grain trade showed a rapid fluctuating rising trend, while the growth rate of trade fluctuated greatly between years. The structure of trade commodities was constantly diversified but is still dominated by wheat, corn, and barley. 2) The density of the global grain trade network is increasing, with polarization of some core nodes and increasing diversification of the overall trade network. For example, the position of North America, Western Europe, East Asia, and so on, in the grain trade network is relatively declining, while the position of Eastern Europe, South America, and so on, has increased. On the national scale, the interaction of grain trade among countries and regions has enhanced, as the structure of the grain trade network has changed from an "east-west axis" to "multi-point radiation" with a gradual shift from polarization to pluralism. Although the number of core nodes in the grain export network is increasing, regional grain export networks are still dominated by only several key countries and show a strong local polarization phenomenon, while the centralized characteristics of import networks are gradually weakened and more balanced. 3) Natural endowment of land resources, the structure of agriculture, and the degree of opening up to the outside world are the core driving factors for countries and regions to participate in the global grain trade network. The levels of price differences, language proximity, spatial distance, and societal governance also have a certain impact on the participation of countries and regions in the global grain trade network. The influence of other factors is relatively small.

One of the basic topics in population geography is how the population distributes and changes on terrain gradients. With the improvement of data accuracy and quality, it is feasible to conduct macroscopic analysis for this question based on kilometer grid cells. This study analyzed the distribution and change characteristics of China's population on the gradients of elevation, ruggedness, and slope from 2000 to 2020, using methods of frequency distribution statistics, based on 1-km grid statistical cells, and using spatial demographic datasets (WorldPop) and digital elevation model datasets (SRTMGL1). The effects of different digital elevation model datasets (including ASTER GDEM and SRTMGL1) and spatial demographic datasets (including WorldPop, LandScan, and GPW) on the results were also compared and the differences between the 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data were further explored with SRTMGL1 and WorldPop. The results show that: 1) The population increasingly tends to be distributed at the lower position of terrain gradients. The half-balance points of the population distribution on elevation, ruggedness, and slope gradients were 95.6 m, 50.7 m, and 3.01° respectively in 2000, and decreased to 77.0 m, 46.8 m, and 2.88° in 2020. 2) Dominant area of population distribution relative to land area has been stably located at a lower position of terrain gradients. The upper boundary of the dominant part of the population over terrain (MU) is stably located at the elevation of 520 m, the ruggedness of 137 m, and the slope of 6.84°, respectively, and the population dominance rate rose from 0.511, 0.248, and 0.217 in 2000 to 0.522, 0.274, and 0.255 in 2020, respectively. 3) Different spatial demographic datasets have no effect on the distribution and change pattern of population on terrain gradients, while DEM datasets have significant effects on the ruggedness gradient and slope gradient distribution of population. There is no difference between 1-km grid and 100-meter grid data for this study, and the 1-km grid dataset is recommended for the study of population distribution at the national scale and above. This study provides a new basic reference for understanding of the relationship between population distribution and terrain in China at the kilometer grid scale.

Zhang Xiangwen was a pioneer geographer in modern China. In the turbulent period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, he combined his academic pursuit with patriotism, and sought to serve the nation through geoscience discipline in the midst of his changing identities. His primary social identity as a geographer was intertwined with multiple identities such as revolutionist, historian, educator, and industrialist. Zhang Xiangwen's academic contributions include leading the establishment of the China Geoscience Society, which was the predecessor of the Geographical Society of China; the founding of the Journal of Geosciences, which was the first Chinese academic journal of geography; the proposal of the Qinling-Huaihe north-south geographical boundary; the creation and compilation of geography textbooks; and the active engagements in flood control research and field research. This article attempted to tease out Zhang Xiangwen's main activities, academic thoughts, and their practical implications by extensive data comparison. It is argued that open mindedness and professionalism, outstanding organizational leadership, and active participation in solving practical and societal issues led to Zhang Xiangwen's pioneering work, which still has significance for the development of geographers and academic community nowadays.

A rare persistent high temperature event occurred in the Yangtze River Basin in summer 2022, which caused serious impacts on the life and production of the provinces in the basin. Scientific analysis of the causes of this high temperature process is of great significance for improving the prediction and early warning of high temperature processes. Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the daily temperature data collected from 699 stations in the Yangtze River Basin, this study examined the atmospheric circulation characteristics and the causes of this high temperature process. The findings indicate that: 1) The high temperature process that occurred in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022 ranked the highest in terms of the area of influence, intensity, duration, and comprehensive strength since 1961. 2) There were mainly two circulation causes that attributed to this high temperature process. The first was the impact of local circulation, that is, the middle and upper layers of the troposphere over the Yangtze River Basin was controlled by the abnormal anticyclonic circulation generated by the equivalent barotropic mechanism. The second was the impact of large-scale circulation, that is, the South Asia High and Western Pacific Subtropical High moved in an opposite direction and overlapped over the Yangtze River Basin. Under the control of high pressure, the sinking movement over the Yangtze River Basin and the solar radiation reaching the ground are obviously strong, which led to strong extreme high temperature. 3) The main reason for the long duration of the abnormal circulation is that with the Rossby wave transmitting energy eastward from Western Europe and the Lake Baikal, the circulation distribution presented a "two grooves and one ridge" model from west to east in the middle and high latitude of Eurasia and a stable "three-wave" model in the middle and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Therefore, the energy converged in the subtropical region above the Yangtze River Basin, which helped maintain the intensity of the subtropical high and the occurrence of the abnormal positive height anomalies over the Yangtze River Basin.

The commercial homogenization of ancient town tourism destination is the main manifestation of the homogenization of this type of tourism destination. Although to some extent this phenomenon promotes the economic development of the tourism destination, it also affects the tourism experience of tourists and leads to the disorder of the commercial operation of the destination. Taking Dali ancient city as an example, this study obtained the street view image data inside the ancient city through programming, and used computer vision, machine learning, and other technologies to identify the shop sign text information in the street view images. On this basis, this study constructed an index model to measure the commercial homogeneity of the case, and examined the spatial characteristics and formation mechanism of the commercial homogenization of the ancient town tourism destination. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Spatially, the overall commercial homogeneity of Dali ancient city presents the characteristics of core-periphery distribution. The commercial homogenization degree of stores is high in the core tourism area, showing the characteristics of street-level distribution, while the commercial homogenization degree of service firms is high in the peripheral tourism area, showing the characteristics of city block-level distribution. 2) The distribution of tourism resources, planning and regulation, location conditions, and capital intervention are the main factors leading to commercial homogenization. Competition and spatial aggregation are the two leading mechanisms to form commercial homogenization. 3) Using computer vision and machine learning technologies to extract the shop sign text information in the street view images and taking the repetition number and agglomeration level of the same type of shops as indicators to build a model, combined with GIS spatial analysis method, we can realize the spatial measurement of the commercial homogeneity of the ancient town tourism destination.

Identifying the characteristics of landing typhoons and analyzing typhoon hazard are of great practical significance for scientifically improving the risk prevention capability of typhoon disasters. Based on the best track data set of tropical cyclones from the China Meteorological Administration and the data of the China Typhoon Network, this study conducted a statistical analysis of the characteristics of typhoons that landed in Hainan Province from 1949 to 2021, and carried out a typhoon hazard assessment in cities and counties of the province based on typhoon frequency, intensity, and tracks. The results show that: 1) In the past 73 years, the average annual number of typhoons that landed in Hainan Province was about 2.3, and the frequency of landings was gradually declining. In each year, typhoon landing time was concentrated in July to October, and the accumulated landfall between August and September accounted for about 48% of the annual numbers. 2) Typhoon landing sites were located in the eastern coastal cities and counties of Hainan Province, mainly in Wenchang and Wanning. High-frequency typhoon transit areas were predominantly in central Hainan Province along the southeast-northwest line with zonal distribution. 3) The spatial pattern of typhoon hazard level in Hainan Province was similar to its typhoon transit frequency. Generally, typhoon hazard in coastal cities and counties was higher than inland cities and counties. Dongfang City, Ledong Li Autonomous County, and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County were among the highest hazard level regions. The results of this research can provide a reference and basis for typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation and long-term national economic development planning in Hainan Province.

Since the start of operation of the China-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) in 2011, with its increasing domestic and international influences, it has become one of the hotspots of academic research in China. Based on the data from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, the number of publications related to the CR Express has increased by about 70% annually, but the proportion of those published in highly cited journals is still relatively low. From the geographical perspective, the research on the CR Express by Chinese scholars mainly focuses on four aspects: 1) estimation of its regional scope with competitive advantages; 2) analysis of competition among the operating regions; 3) optimization of the spatial layout of its transportation network; and 4) analysis of its regional impacts and differences. The shortcomings of the current research mainly include that theoretical research has not yet followed the practice; the research on the overall reform of the CR Express is still lacking; and the research is still limited to the national territory. Therefore, future research on the CR Express should accelerate the theoretical framework construction, produce more systematic and targeted countermeasure recommendations, and deepen the exploration at a larger spatial scale.

Multi-hazard risk assessment is the basis for formulating integrated risk governance strategies. Through examining the risk assessment practices in China and internationally, this study selected five authoritative global risk assessment reports, including the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, Global Climate Risk Index, The Index for Risk Management Report, World Risk Report, and World Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk, to compare their objectives, contents, models, and results of assessment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The five risk assessment reports have different focuses in terms of objectives, and four of them regularly publish new reports to analyze the dynamic process of change that facilitates the identification of risks through continuous risk assessment. 2) The methods characterized by the synthesis of risk elements is easy to apply, but it is necessary to further improve the applicability of indicators and adopt more intuitive and practical risk representation methods. 3) The Belt and Road initiative countries have slightly higher risk levels than the global average. In the future, we need to deepen the research on the integrated risk assessment method of multi-hazards, strengthen the practice of natural disaster risk assessment in China, and explore the disaster risk management system of regional linkages. 4) On the whole, the five risk assessment reports all have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the future, we can combine the concepts of "multi-hazard additive losses" and "disaster chain losses" to enrich the models and methods, indicator system, and result representation of integrated risk assessment.

The once-in-a-century revolution in the automobile manufacturing industry has triggered a "car-making frenzy" in China, subsequently reshaping the spatial landscape of the country's automobile manufacturing industry. This study used comprehensive micro-enterprise databases and employed location quotient indicators to compare the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the Chinese automobile manufacturing industry between 2013 and 2021. It examined the distinctive location traits of both new energy and traditional automobile manufacturing sectors, while also evaluating the co-agglomeration patterns of three pivotal industries—automobile, electronics, and electrical-in Chinese cities. Additionally, the study employed the negative binomial regression method to investigate the factors that influence the site selection of Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises. The findings of this study are as follows: Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises tend to concentrate in cities with a solid historical industrial foundation, showcasing a blend of continuity and change in the industrial layout. The location choices of Chinese new energy automobile manufacturing enterprises are both path dependence and path breakthrough. While cities with established prowess in traditional automobile manufacturing still hold potential for developing the new energy automobile sector, cities with weaker traditional automobile manufacturing sectors, such as Shenzhen, have made remarkable strides in the realm of new energy vehicles. In 2021, only 11 cities in China, including Shanghai, Hefei, and Suzhou, achieved the co-agglomeration of the three major manufacturing industries (automobile, electronics, and electrical). Notably, cities with well-developed automobile industries, such as Chongqing, did not gain specialized advantages in the electronics and electrical manufacturing sectors. Factors such as the diversification index of the manufacturing industry, the complexity of manufacturing knowledge, the size of the resident population, and the location quotient of the automobile manufacturing industry contribute to attracting automobile manufacturing enterprises. Traditional automobile manufacturing tends to gravitate towards cities with a concentration of foreign industrial enterprises, which diverges from the agglomeration patterns observed in the electronics manufacturing sector. The impact of location quotient in the electronics and electrical manufacturing industry on the site selection of Chinese new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises did not demonstrate statistical significance. This study contributes to enriching the theory of industrial location in China and provides valuable insights for automotive manufacturing companies in their site selection process, as well as informing government policies related to industrial layout planning.

Health hazards and risks caused by air pollution have become a public topic. Ecological civilization construction and "Healthy China" strategy emphasize the alleviation of environmental stressors and the construction of healthy living environment. Using city-level data of population census and the 1% provincial sample demographic survey from 2000 to 2015, this study examined the spatial-temporal patterns of mortality and the effects of PM_2.5 concentration on mortality based on spatial regression models. It further examined the moderation effects of regional socioeconomic conditions on the PM_2.5 concentration-mortality association. Analytical results are as follows: 1) There is a considerable regional variation in mortality rate in China. Cities with high mortality rates initially were maincdly concentrated in Southwest China, and they become increasingly concentrated in Southwest China, North China, East China, and Central China after 2005. Cities with low mortality rates have long been concentrated in Northwest China, Northeast China, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and Beijing and Tianjin. 2) There is a significant spatial correlation in mortality rates. From 2000 to 2015, mortality rates became increasingly concentrated in particular regions. High-high type areas were concentrated in the southwest in the early stage and then expanded to the east. Low-low type areas are mainly distributed in the north of Xinjiang, the west of Inner Mongolia, and Guangdong Province and its surrounding areas. 3) The concentration of PM_2.5 has a positive correlation with mortality rates and a significant spatial spillover effect on mortality rates in neighboring areas. 4) The impact of PM_2.5 on mortality is subject to the influences of educational differences and urban-rural divides: regions with great concentration of highly educated people are less vulnerable to PM_2.5 health impact, and areas with a low level of urbanization are more subject to health risks of PM_2.5. The results show that regional prevention and control of air pollution is important, and in order to reduce health risks, more attention should be paid to the development of high-quality urbanization, optimization of economic structure, and promotion of residents' health literacy. Our findings can provide a scientific reference for the environmental risk assessment of air pollution and the construction of healthy living environments.

The utilization of the resources and environment and the impact on the Earth system of modern human activities have been undergoing great changes. The environment and sustainable development of human society are facing severe challenges. The study of human-earth system coupling provides integrated approaches for solving ecological and socioeconomic problems. However, the understanding of the rural human-earth system coupling is insufficient. Therefore, reviewing the progress of research on rural human-earth system coupling is of great significance for promoting the development of human-earth system science and supporting the decision making for coordinated and sustainable development. The results of this study show that rural human-earth system coupling is a comprehensive process of interaction and mutual influence between the rural socioeconomic system and the natural ecosystem, forming a theoretical paradigm of "process-mechanism-pattern-effect-regulation". The research themes mainly include five aspects, namely, the process and pattern of rural natural and social elements coupling, the influence and feedback of climate change on agricultural production, the driving mechanism of urbanization on rural development, the telecoupling effect of globalization and agricultural trade, and the regulation effects of policy intervention and engineering measures. The research methods mainly involve the coupling evaluation models and the coupling mechanism models. Given the insufficient research on the mutual feedback and transmission mechanisms of rural human-earth system coupling at multiple scales and the lack of data models, future studies should focus on detecting the coupling process and pattern of rural human-earth system under structure transformation and scale extension, analyzing the coupling mechanism of rural human-earth system under elements flow and effects cascade, exploring the simulation and decision-making methods of rural human-earth system that are data-driven and characterized by model integration, and finding the coordination pathways of rural human-earth system under the objective of harmony between humans and nature and global sustainable development.