Digital empowerment for the deep integration of rural culture and tourism is an important initiative for the upgrading of rural industries and the comprehensive revitalization of the rural areas in the context of the digital economy. Taking Wusi Village in Zhejiang Province as an example, this study applied the actor network theory to explore the process and mechanism of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment. The results show that: 1) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is a dynamic process in which multiple subjects participate and play with each other in three stages: initial exploration, rapid development, and deep integration. In the process of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village, the village committee continues to play a key role, the role of market players such as cultural and tourism enterprise is gradually increasing, and the degree of association of rural residents with the network of actors is gradually deepening. 2) The deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment in Wusi Village is driven by a dynamic circular mechanism consisting of the rural core system and the peripheral system as the integration basis, digital technology and digital platform as the integration support, governmental, societal, and local forces formed by the interaction of multiple actors as the integration actor, and the deep integration of the rural cultural and tourism resources, products, industries, factors, markets, and values as the integration content. 3) The high-level cyclic development of the deep integration of rural culture and tourism based on digital empowerment is the result of the release of strong effects of both the mechanisms of action and reaction of the integration support and integration actor, and that of the integration actor and integration content. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical experience for the high-quality development of rural digital cultural tourism, the upgrading of rural industries, and comprehensive rural revitalization.

Scene theory provides a new theoretical perspective for deepening research of cultural and tourism integration. This study used the scene theory as a theoretical analysis tool, summarizing the research value of cultural and tourism scenes, proposing the theoretical connotation and logic of cultural and tourism scenes, and identifying the research direction of cultural and tourism scenes. The research findings are as follows: 1) The research value of cultural and tourism scenes is reflected in placing the cultural and tourism industries in the same dynamic and complete system, and the differentiated scenes formed are conducive to implementing heterogeneous cultural and tourism integrative development strategies. 2) The theoretical connotation of cultural and tourism scenes includes four parts: First, concrete substance is an important foundation for the existence of cultural and tourism scenes. Second, the unique cultural value is contained in cultural and tourism scenes. Third, cultural values are the core components of cultural and tourism scenes. Last, the construction of cultural and tourism scenes becomes the driving force for culture and tourism integration. 3) The theoretical logic of cultural and tourism scenes is formed by the interaction of three dimensions: local originality, symbolic perception, and value expression. 4) Future research on cultural and tourism scenes should focus on the theoretical connotation and contemporary value of cultural and tourism scenes, the expression of cultural value in cultural and tourism scenes, the pattern recognition and operation mechanism of cultural and tourism scenes, and the application of digital technology in cultural and tourism scenes. The research can provide a theoretical basis and scenario application reference for promoting the development of culture and tourism integration.

Administrative divisions are an important part of the national system of governance, and the related adjustments have become an important tool for optimizing the administrative management system, improving the effectiveness of national governance, and promoting regional spatial reorganization. Among these adjustments, county-to-district conversion, as an important part of China's county-level administrative division adjustment from 1997, has become a hot topic that has attracted much attention in the study of administrative division. Based on existing studies, this article analyzed the change of county (city) abolition and establishment of districts from the aspects of progress, occurrence logic, assessment method, and multiple impacts in a comprehensive manner. We found that the number of counties (cities) converted to districts in China experienced a fluctuating increase and then a rapid decrease, followed by a rapid increase and then a gradual decrease, with an overall M-shaped temporal pattern, and 2000-2002 and 2014-2016 were the two peak periods of conversion. National policies provided the necessary conditions for county-to-district conversion, local demands promoted the implementation of the conversion, and the final adjustment was often the result of the game between multiple actors. The research methods became more diversified, but the relevant basic theories and methodological studies are relatively weak, and there is still a big gap between the status quo and the requirements of governance modernization. The conclusions of the existing studies on the economic and social benefits of county-to-district conversion are inconsistent, while that on the impact of ecological benefits is relatively uniform, that is, the quality of the regional ecological environment has been improved by the county-to-district conversion. In summary, this article argued that in the future there is an urgent need to strengthen the theoretical and methodological research on the setting up of administrative districts, reveal in depth the positive and negative effects of county-to-district conversion on the development of cities and regions, strengthen the analysis of the driving mechanism of county-to-district conversion, and examine the triggering conditions of county-to-district conversion, in order to provide references for the scientific improvement of decision making of local governments as well as the optimization and adjustment of the national policies on county-to-district conversion.

Rhythmmanalysis, as an important theory in geographic research, has received extensive attention in the international academic community, but has not yet been fully emphasized in the Chinese academic community. This article first defined the connotation of Henri Lefebvre's concept of rhythm, and explained the theoretical connotation and inner connection of polyrhytmia, arrhythmia, eurhythmia, dressage, and isorhythmia in the theory of rhythm analysis; second, it systematically reviewed the rhythm research of the international geography community in the dimensions of the subject, the place, and the mobility. The article further discussed the deep insight of rhythm analysis in understanding the interactions between human activities and geographical space. Third, the article explored two theoretical perspectives of rhythm analysis—a localized time and a temporalized place—and explained the differences and connections between them in terms of research focus. Ultimately, rhythmanalysis, as a humanistic research method, pays attention to the comprehensive development of individuals, offering new theoretical perspectives and research methodologies for issues such as life rhythm, cultural rhythm, and ecological rhythm within the context of contemporary China. The article posits that the localization and modernization of the theory of rhythm analysis will provide a scientific guidance for the theoretical innovation of human geography practice in China, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of society and the comprehensive development of human beings.

To support the safe and effective growth of regions, resilient city networks should be built in metropolitan areas. Current research is focused on understanding how disaster risk propagates in city networks and assessing network resilience. This study developed a multiplex city network model composed of facility and function based on the fundamental concept of the city network, and investigated the functional, physical, and geographic relationships across networks. Second, we examined the resilience of the multiplex city network in terms of both the structure and function and the network as a whole and local areas. Third, we illustrated how disaster risks spread in the multiplex city network from three perspectives—propagation path, propagation process, and propagation impact, which establish a logical relationship between disaster impact and network resilience. Lastly, we proposed a three-step framework for assessing the resilience of multiplex city networks: modeling the multiplex city network, simulating risk propagation of the network, and using indicastors to measure the network's resilience. The feasibility and validity of the framework were verified by the case study of resilience assessment of the "road-people's flow" multiplex city network in the Wuhan metropolitan area under the impact of flooding. The case results demonstrate that as disaster risks spread through the network, certain cities' structural and functional status will alter, drawing attention to these changes as a means of enhancing network resilience. For instance, some cities and network paths will have much less connectedness and as a result, these cities should improve their own preparedness during the latent phase of disasters and recovery capacity during the mitigation phase. Certain cities and paths have an absorptive capability during the risk outbreak period that helps keep the city network operating as intended. This research offered a fresh look at the theory and methodology of city network resilience assessment that considers disaster risk transmission. It concentrated on the real requirements for the development of regional network security. By examining and altering the interactions between cities, the suggested framework can contribute to making city networks more resilient.

The digital economy has become the first driving force for the innovation-driven development of the cultural and tourism industry. Based on data from 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2021, this study found that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry, the conclusion that remains valid after robustness tests. The digital economy has been a more significant driving factor within Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, between large cities and between large and small and medium-sized cities, and between the core areas and between core and non-core areas. There is no significant correlation between the national smart tourism pilot cities and non-pilot cities in terms of high-quality synergistic development of the digital economy and the cultural and tourism industry. Mechanism tests showed that the digital economy can promote high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry through channels such as promoting cultural and tourism product innovation and enhancing market potential. Further research found that the development of the digital economy in the Shanghai metropolitan area has narrowed the gap in the development of the cultural and tourism industry in various cities, while the existence of the "digital divide" in non-metropolitan areas has exacerbated the imbalance in the cultural and tourism industry. The conclusions have important implications for various types of subjects to cultivate the digital economy as a new force for the development of the cultural and tourism industry, and thus optimize the spatial pattern of high-quality synergistic development of the cultural and tourism industry enabled by the digital economy.

Under the background of high-quality urban development in Chinese-style modernization, building open, diverse, and resilient livable community life circles has become an important aspect of the sustainable development of future cities and the improvement of residents' quality of life and sense of well-being. The spatial and temporal optimization of facilities in community life circles is an important direction for urban renewal and transformation. This study took the Dangdai-Yimei community life circle—an area located in the suburb of Beijing—as a case study area, and combined spatial syntactic modeling with spatiotemporal characteristics of residents' daily activities. By conducting a spatial environment evaluation at the scale of urban community life circle, we put forward recommendations for spatial optimization. The study found that space with high availability in spatial syntactic measurement results is usually rarely used in residents' daily life due to access control management, behavioral needs, work arrangements and other factors. The fact that residents indirectly use facilities in other communities reveals the need for sharing of space between communities. Within the community life circle, there are shortcomings such as inadequate facility allocation and insufficient public spaces. Shopping facilities are located far from residential areas, leading to fewer shopping activities within the community life circle. The lack of leisure spaces forces residents to use the major transportation hub as leisure spaces. Finally, the low activity of working professionals within the community life circle during weekday evenings reflects the inadequacy of spatial flexibility planning. We recommend that in the future, human behavioral needs should be integrated with the spatial structure characteristics of the built environment in communities. This includes advocating for increased openness and sharing between communities within community life circles, diversifying the functions of public spaces, and appropriately adding flexible activity spaces. These efforts aim to create more livable and harmonious living activity spaces.

Exploring the impact of urban morphology on the thermal environment is crucial for implementing sustainable urban planning and improving thermal conditions of cities. However, current research on the multiscale analysis of the heterogeneity in urban morphology's thermal environmental effects at the community scale is still insufficient, and the process of effectively integrating research findings into urban planning and management practices also faces numerous challenges. This study focused on the Nankai District, a typical high-density urban area in Tianjin Municipality, and used the building vector data and Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery to quantify urban morphology and land surface temperatures during the summer at the community scale. It integrated the multiscale geographically weighted regression and K-means clustering methods to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of urban morphology's impact on land surface temperatures and to perform cluster zoning. The results revealed that: 1) The summer land surface temperatures in Nankai District exhibited a high in the north and low in the south distribution with significant spatial autocorrelation, forming high-high and low-low aggregation patterns. 2) The multiscale geographically weighted regression model significantly outperformed ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models in fitting and explaining the relationship between urban morphology and land surface temperatures. 3) The impact of urban morphology factors on summer land surface temperatures showed multiscale spatial heterogeneity, with influences ranking from highest to lowest as follows: building density > normalized difference vegetation index > floor area ratio > building volume density, where building density and building volume density contributed to higher temperatures, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index and floor area ratio had a notable cooling effect. 4) Clustering based on the spatial heterogeneity of urban morphology indicators affecting summer land surface temperatures allowed the study area to be divided into three distinct regions, which enabled the formulation of differentiated planning strategies. The findings of this study provide a basis for optimizing community thermal environments. Moreover, effectively integrating multiscale geographically weighted regression and K-means clustering methods offers new perspectives and methodological frameworks for urban thermal environment research and related fields.

As China's economic and trade cooperation with Southeast Asia and other regions becomes increasingly close, accelerating the construction of the new western land-sea corridor and enhancing the quality and efficiency of logistics development is of great significance for promoting economic development and high-level opening-up in the inland areas of western China. This study focused on 30 urban units within the core coverage area of the new western land-sea corridor. Based on long-term statistical data, it employed the back propagation (BP) neural network model to predict the railway and highway freight volumes of each city after the completion of the main corridor. An improved gravity model was used to simulate the freight connections between cities under future corridor capacity conditions. Additionally, social network analysis was applied to compare the railway and highway logistics network structures before and after the completion of the corridor. The results indicate that: 1) The construction of the new western land-sea corridor helps reduce the railway and highway distances between cities in the core coverage area, increasing the total freight volume of each city. 2) Upon completion of the corridor, logistics connections between seaports and landports, such as Fangchenggang and Kunming facing Southeast Asia, and cities such as Chongqing and various provincial capitals, will be significantly strengthened. This will also promote the flow of goods to prefecture-level cities, leading to a hierarchical and integrated development pattern in the logistics network. 3) In terms of the distance reduction effect, changes in freight volume, and shifts in logistics network structure, the construction of the corridor has a stronger impact on the railway logistics network compared to the highway network. By comparing the changes in land logistics network patterns before and after the construction of the corridor, this study provides scientific insights for optimizing corridor layout, upgrading logistics networks, and promoting high-quality regional economic development.

The world is currently experiencing unprecedented changes, with frequent geopolitical conflicts, major public health incidents, extreme natural hazards and disasters, and other emergencies. The risks of the global grain supply chain are becoming increasingly prominent, and enhancing the resilience of the global grain supply chain has become a fundamental way to ensure the security and stability of the global grain supply chain. This study measured the resilience of international grain supply chains by identifying multidimensional supply chain network resilience measurement indicators based on the perspective of complex network. The characteristics of change of resilience and node anti-interference ability were analyzed. The results show that: 1) The global supply chains of rice and corn have a higher level of resilience, followed by the global supply chain of wheat, and the global supply chain of soybean has the lowest level of resilience. 2) The global supply chain networks of the four types of grain products are all resilient networks with fast recovery capacity and adaptability and their resilience levels have all improved. However, there are differences in their improvement levels, with soybeans, rice, wheat, and corn in descending order. 3) In the global supply chain network of the four types of grain products, China's anti-interference level is higher than the world average, but lower than the United States, and the anti-interference level of wheat and corn needs to be improved. The results of this study have important practical and theoretical significance for clarifying the resilience level and characteristics of change of the global grain supply chain, which may help enhance China's position and anti-interference ability in the global grain supply chain network.

Global warming has led to accelerated changes in the global hydrological cycle, resulting in an increasing number of extreme events and compound events in which multiple extreme events occur simultaneously or consecutively, and are more hazardous than a single extreme event. The Yangtze River Basin has always been one of the areas with the most frequent extreme weather and climate events and disasters in China and has also experienced more severe compound events in recent years due to global changes, which has seriously constrained ecological protection and high-quality development in the region. The Yangtze River Basin is one of the most populous and economically developed regions in China, and climate change and human activities have significantly affected the distribution of water and heat conditions in the region. Therefore, taking the Yangtze River Basin as an example and based on long-term historical observations and CMIP6 model prediction data, this study adopted the compound drought and heatwave magnitude index (CDHMI) to identify compound drought and heatwave events (CDHEs) in the Yangtze River Basin, used cumulative probability density curves to classify the intensity of CDHEs, and explored the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of the compound drought and heatwave events as well as the future trends. Meanwhile, to ensure the accuracy of the data, the applicability of the 23 CMIP6 models in the Yangtze River Basin was assessed using three evaluation metrics, which improved the credibility of future CDHEs predictions. Finally, the spatial changes of CDHEs in the Yangtze River Basin under different future scenarios were characterized based on a multi-model ensemble of 23 CMIP6 data. The results of the study show that: 1) During the historical period, the frequency and duration of CDHEs showed a non-significant increasing trend. The frequency and duration of CDHEs were the highest in July, at 0.511 times and 3.59 days, respectively. The frequency of mild CDHEs was the highest in the historical period, with an annual average frequency of 0.4 times, which mainly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, the Hengduan Mountains, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. 2) Among the 23 CMIP6 models, INM-CM4-8, ACCESS-ESM1-5, NESM3, NorESM2-LM, and INM-CM5-0 are the five most suitable models for the Yangtze River Basin after bias correction. 3) In the future, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin will be the areas with high frequency and long duration of CDHEs, and the annual average frequency and duration of CDHEs by the NorESM2-LM model are the highest. The results of the five models and multi-modal ensemble also show small differences between scenarios in the short term and medium term and significant differences in the long term. In the long term of SSP5-8.5, the average annual frequency of CDHEs would increase by 2.3 times and 1.8 times, respectively, compared to the short term and medium term under the same scenario. The duration was 29.9 days and 21.3 days higher than that of SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 during the same period. The average annual frequency of mild CDHEs is the highest for all three scenarios, and all severity events should peak at SSP5-8.5. This findings can provide scientific and technical support to actively mitigate future climate change risks in the Yangtze River Basin.

The study of administrative center relocation integrates perspectives from a wide range of fields, including geography, history, economics, politics, and environmental studies. Exploring the historical development and future trends of administrative center relocation is crucial for enhancing the scientific, normative, and effective setting of administrative divisions and for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. This study systematically analyzed relevant Chinese and international publications through a comprehensive literature review and bibliometric analysis, elucidating the conceptual attributes, thematic evolution, main research findings, and future development trends of administrative center relocation research. The study found that the motivations for relocating administrative centers are deeply rooted in supporting national strategic development. There is an interactive relationship between research findings and national policies, effectively promoting the deepening and expansion of the field of administrative division studies. The historical continuity and interdisciplinary nature of research on administrative center relocation provide rich perspectives and methodologies for the study. Given the differences in the stages of socioeconomic development and administrative systems between international and Chinese contexts, international experiences imply that China needs to adopt a dialectical approach based on its specific national conditions to develop a research path with distinctive Chinese characteristics. This involves critically analyzing international case studies and adapting the lessons learned to fit China's unique sociopolitical and economic landscape. In the process of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, it is essential to strengthen the evaluation of the effects and underlying mechanisms of administrative center relocation. This includes a thorough scientific assessment of relocation plans, focusing on their feasibility, potential benefits, and risks. By employing effective administrative division measures, regional sustainable development can be promoted, and the efficiency of national spatial governance can be enhanced. The conclusions of this study can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for research on the relocation of administrative centers in China, promoting in-depth academic research and methodological innovation in this field.

With the increased rate of urbanization, health problems resulting from the distant separation of jobs and housing as well as increased reliance on motorized travel have become increasingly prominent. As a healthy and sustainable mode of transportation, active travel holds significant positive potential for achieving the peak emission and carbon neutrality goals and realizing the Healthy China strategy. The impact of active travel on residents' physical health has garnered significant interest among scholars in geography, transportation, and urban planning. However, research on its impact on psychological health and well-being is still in an early stage. This study aimed to contribute to this area by providing a systematic summary of the empirical effects surrounding the relationship between urban active travel and psychological health and well-being, drawing on relevant journal publications in China and internationally. The results of our review show that the majority of the studies have confirmed the positive impacts of active travel on psychological health and well-being. However, these impacts were also moderated by personal and spatial factors, resulting in heterogeneity. Furthermore, this study found that the impact path of active travel on psychological health and well-being is complex, involving the joint action of multiple direct and indirect factors. The main action paths include: the direct effect of intrinsic characteristics, the mediation effect of individual physiological functions, the moderating effect of the physical environment, and the mediation effect of the social environment. In addition, psychological health and well-being can also have a feedback effect on active travel behaviors by influencing travel willingness. Finally, based on the current status of the research conducted, this article also put forward relevant recommendations for improvement, especially to provide new ideas for conducting similar research in China. These findings offer insights for promoting active travel through policy measures and urban planning strategies, and facilitating the research and development of healthy cities in China.

The social integration of the migrant population is an important indicator of the effectiveness of the household registration system reform and new urbanization, and is of great practical significance for the implementation of high-quality population development in the new era. Based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data, this study investigated the subjective social integration degree of China's migrant population from a binary analysis perspective of individual integration intention and perceived acceptance degree. It explored the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors using the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. The following conclusions are drawn. 1) The subjective social integration degree of the migrant population was relatively low in the southeastern coastal and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau regions and relatively high in the northern, central, and Sichuan-Chongqing regions. The spatial patterns of individual integration intention and perceived acceptance degree were similar to the subjective social integration degree of the migrant population. 2) The subjective social integration of the migrant population was influenced by a combination of individual internal factors and external city factors. Individual integration intention showed a positive effect in southern and northwestern China and a negative effect in Shandong Province and surrounding areas, while perceived acceptance degree showed a global positive effect decreasing from north to south. Subjective social integration was also affected by a global gradient of age and distance of migration and a locally significant effect of gender, ethnic diversity, and economic level. The scale of spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the variables varied significantly, with spatial heterogeneity more pronounced for individual integration intention, perceived acceptance degree, and gender. 3) The effect of individual integration intention on subjective social integration degree was moderated by the negative spatial moderating effects of marriage, educational level, and migration time, as well as the positive spatial moderating effect of public services. The effect of perceived acceptance degree on subjective social integration degree was moderated by the negative spatial moderating effects of age and education level as well as the positive spatial moderating effects of marriage and public services. The study revealed the spatially nonstationary mechanism of subjective social integration of the migrant population, which provides more precise and optimized policies for the governance of the migrant population in each region based on the perspective of social integration.

When selecting investment locations, evaluating a region's or country's investment environment is crucial for enterprises. However, existing research often falls short of meeting the current practical needs of businesses. To address this gap, we conducted a field research and developed a comprehensive indicator system to assess Vietnam's investment environment across six key dimensions: factor endowment, infrastructure, industrial development, market conditions, financial environment, and institutional context. Based on this framework, we categorized Vietnam's investment environment, analyzed the key regions for investment and priority investment areas, and proposed four specific investment strategies. The study yielded vital findings: 1) Vietnam's investment environment across multiple dimensions—factor endowment, infrastructure, industrial development, market conditions, financial environment, and institutional context—generally falls within average to medium levels. There is a notable spatial distribution pattern where some areas show high local values, but the overall investment environment remains relatively poor. 2) The investment environment in Vietnam exhibits a clear spatial imbalance. Provinces such as Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Hai Phong, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, and Ba Ria-Vung Tau stand out, ranking above the national average. 3) Vietnam's investment environment can be categorized into five types: priority investment zones, key investment zones, general investment zones, potential investment zones, and cautious investment zones. The spatial distribution of these zones aligns with Vietnam's key economic regions, which are in the north and the south. 4) Investment preferences vary by region. The northern critical economic zone develops industries like electronics, machinery manufacturing, and new energy. In contrast, the southern critical economic zone focuses on industries such as textiles and garments, food processing, and high-tech sectors. This research provides a scientific basis for enterprise investment decisions in Vietnam, fosters China-Vietnam economic and trade cooperation, and supports the long-term development of a resilient China-Vietnam community with a shared future.

Nearby urbanization is a new urbanization development path relative to remote urbanization, which refers to the process in which the rural population migrates to small and medium-sized cities and towns near their home areas for employment and residence rather than to distant places. Under the background of new-type urbanization, the regional difference of nearby urbanization constitutes a significant part of China's overall regional urbanization disparities, and it will profoundly affect China's urbanization process and the coordinated development of the economy and society. In this study, we used Theil index nested decomposition and the spatial Markov chain model to analyze the overall difference and decomposition of China's nearby urbanization development, and describe the regional convergence pattern of China's nearby urbanization development in detail, focusing on the impact of spatial effects on the nearby urbanization. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the overall difference of nearby urbanization level in China showed a trend of continuous narrowing, consistent with the gradual narrowing of the development direction of the country's regional nearby urbanization gap. The overall difference of the urbanization rate within provinces was the largest, followed by the urbanization rate within counties, and the urbanization rate within towns was the smallest. 2) From the perspective of scale decomposition, local urbanization and its three subtypes (provincial urbanization, county urbanization, and town urbanization) showed the largest differences within provinces. By comparing the inter-provincial differences in the four regions, the western region had the largest inter-provincial differences, while the other regions showed relatively small differences. Comparing the intra-provincial differences of the four regions, the differences in the western and central provinces were large, while the differences in the eastern and northeastern provinces were small. 3) With regard to convergence patterns, there were spatial convergence clubs for nearby urbanization and its decompostions in China. The development of nearby urbanization in China showed obvious spatial linkage effect with the surrounding environment, and there was a certain spatial spillover effect. The results imply that the regional inequality of nearby urbanization in China follows the neoclassical convergence hypothesis and will narrow in the long term. Overall, the regional inequality of nearby urbanization in China from 2000 to 2020 stemmed mainly from inter-provincial inequality, especially in the central and western regions. With the improvement of the development level and radiation capacity of central cities in central and western China, we should strengthen support for the economic development of secondary regional node cities and improvement of public service facilities in small towns. This study provides a scientific support for comprehensively grasping the regional differences of urbanization in China and scientifically formulating the strategic measures of differentiated urbanization.

With the in-depth development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, intelligent manufacturing equipment has become an important force to promote the high-quality development of industry, and the study of its production and supply relationship is of great significance to optimize the distribution of new quality productivity.Based on the data of core enterprises and suppliers in China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from 2010 to 2023, this study explored the spatial change characteristics of production-supply relationships of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry from three dimensions: production and supply linkage, production and supply network, and production and supply cluster by Pareto analysis and k-kernel analysis. The results are as follows: 1) The number and intensity of enterprise connections were increasing, and 700-1800 km was the general distance of production and supply connection of intelligent manufacturing equipment enterprises. The pattern of intercity production and supply links evolved from the shape of dual core radiation, triangle, to bow and arrow in China, and there were similarities and differences in the dominant flow of intercity production and supply links. The strong production and supply links between enterprises gradually shifted from intracity to intercity, and the number of export-oriented cities increased rapidly. 2) For more than a decade, the structure of the intercity production and supply network of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has become increasingly compact and complex. After 2015, the city hierarchy of the intercity production and supply network has moved from a "pyramid" to a flat structure. 3) The number of production and supply clusters of China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry has increased from 21 to 29. The production and supply cluster of the Yangtze River Delta has always maintained a leading position, the production and supply clusters of the Pearl River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Shandong Peninsula have developed steadily, and the status of the production and supply clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing region have significantly improved. The pattern of association of node cities within the clusters can be divided into five types: Single center, one core and multiple subordinates, two cores and multiple subordinates, multi-center, and low-level equilibrium, and the node association patterns within the clusters have showed spatiotemporal heterogeneity from 2010 to 2023.

The water storage information retrieved by GRACE satellite provides high-precision data for the study of water cycle process. However, assimilating terrestrial water storage change data of GRACE satellite into existing distributed hydrological models for streamflow simulation has become a key scientific challenge in utilizing GRACE data to improve the accuracy of water storage and streamflow simulations. Based on a review of current research progress, this article summarized the commonly used methods for assimilating GRACE water storage change data into distributed hydrological model, the principles and advantages/disadvantages of existing data assimilation approaches, and the extent to which different data assimilation methods improve the accuracy of hydrological modeling for water storage and streamflow simulations. Furthermore, this study identified the problems associated with assimilating GRACE water storage change data into distributed hydrological models and then proposed possible solutions to these problems. The results of this study indicate that the challenges in assimilating GRACE water storage change data into distributed hydrological models include: 1) the contradiction between the high spatial and temporal modeling requirements of hydrological models and the low spatial and temporal resolutions of GRACE data and 2) the discrepancy between the individual simulation of water storage components in distributed hydrological models and the representation of total terrestrial water storage changes by GRACE data. Findings from previous studies in different river basins manifest that assimilating GRACE water storage data can reduce the root mean square error of water storage simulations by approximately 5% to 40% and increase the correlation coefficient of water storage simulations by about 10% to 50%. However, the improvement in streamflow simulation accuracy is relatively limited, with an increase in the correlation coefficient of approximately 2% to 16%. This research provides theoretical and methodological references for the development and application of hydrological models assimilating GRACE satellite water storage data.

Resilience is a hot topic in global change and environment and development research, providing a new research framework and practical analytical tool for regional sustainable development studies. This study combined the human-sea regional system with resilience to construct a theoretical framework for the resilience of the human-sea regional system. It integrated internal factors and external disturbances, obtained multi-source data, combined hierarchical analysis, kernel density analysis, and GIS spatial analysis methods to construct an indicator system, and used exploratory data analysis (ESDA) methods to analyze the spatiotemporal change of resilience and the characteristics of land-sea gradient. The main results are as follows: 1) The resilience of the human-sea regional system in Dalian City presents a spatial distribution characteristic of low in the middle and high in the south and north, and low along the coast and high inland, and it increases year by year. The coastal and inland regions exhibit distinct regional differences. 2) The resilience of the system has a spreading effect, with new hot spots sporadically appearing around the continuous hot spots. 3) The resilience of the system has clear land-sea gradient characteristics. The resilience of each criterion layer is ranked in descending order as the resilience of the ecological environment, the resilience to climate change, the resilience of the resources as well as the resilience of human activities; overall resilience presents the gradient characteristic of the further away from the sea, the higher the resilience level. Therefore, the resilience regulation of coastal cities can be combined with the characteristics of the land and sea gradient for detailed governance at the micro level, and improve the level of development of the marine economy at the macro level by developing a low-carbon economy, and formulate a blueprint for the development of a blue-carbon economy.

The digital economy enables the intelligent transformation of tourism, and has become a new focus for the stable and sustainable development of China's tourism economy. On the basis of clarifying the spatiotemporal mechanism of impact of the digital economy on tourism economic resilience, this study used the panel data from 211 excellent tourism cities in China from 2011 to 2020 and the mediation effect model and panel threshold spatial Durbin model to test the mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the digital economy impact on tourism economic resilience. The results show that: 1) Spatially, the development of the digital economy during the research period consistently showed a distribution trend of high in the east and low in the west, and exhibited a clustered patchy distribution pattern within regions; tourism economic resilience was relatively dispersed during the research period, and the spatial differences between the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions showed a trend of convergence. 2) The digital economy had a significant positive impact on tourism economic resilience. For every 1 unit increase in the level of digital economy development, tourism economic resilience increased by 0.2748, which has passed the robustness test. 3) In terms of the mechanism of impact of the digital economy on tourism economic resilience, the digital economy promoted the improvement of tourism economic resilience by increasing the level of tourism economic growth in the dimension of resistance ability, improving the technology carrier in the dimension of recovery capacity, and improving human capital in the dimension of reorganization ability. That is, tourism economic growth, technology carrier, and human capital are the main paths through which the digital economy has a significant positive impact on tourism economic resilience. 4) The development of the digital economy has empowered the local tourism economy to enhance its resilience, but it has a siphon effect on tourism economic resilience of neighboring cities. The results of this study enrich the research on the antecedent factors affecting tourism economic resilience, and provide a reference for decision making based on the digital economy to empower high-quality development of the tourism economy.

The digital economy is an important driver of the development of the tourism industry. In order to analyze the multidimensional transmission mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on the development of the tourism industry, this study used the panel data of 30 provinces (data of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are temporarily unavailable) in China's mainland from 2012 to 2019, and the panel benchmark regression model, the mediation effect model, and the spatial econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis. The results show that: 1) The digital economy played a significant role in promoting the development of the tourism industry. 2) Consumer demand, technological innovation, and institutional change were the important pathways of the digital economy affecting the development of the tourism industry. Among these three factors, consumer demand and technological innovation had a partial mediation effect, and institutional change had a masking effect. 3) Under the condition of a certain spatial weight, the digital economy had a spatial spillover effect on the development of the tourism industry, and the digital economy had a siphon effect on the development of the tourism industry in the adjacent areas of informatization, but had no obvious spatial spillover effect on the geographically adjacent areas. This paper can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for further deepening the integration of digital economy and tourism industry, and promoting high-quality development of the tourism industry.

The economic space of urban-rural interface is an important topic that has long been concerned by geography, sociology, urban and rural planning, and other disciplines. This study adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods: we read the classic literature to examine the research lineage; and we downloaded the Chinese and English publications from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Web of Science databases and quantitatively analyzed the data by using the CiteSpace 6.26 software, which was used as supporting evidence for the division of the research phases. This study examined the three stages of international research related to the economic space of the urban-rural interface: the emergence of early exploration in Europe and the United States, the development of attention to less developed regions, and the emergence of the post-industrial era. Then it examined the three stages of Chinese research: the reference of foreign theories at the beginning of urbanization, the concern of real problems during the acceleration of urbanization, and the exploration of multiple values in the middle and late stages of urbanization. It also concluded that the economic space of the urban-rural interface presents three characteristics: inclusive mixing of economic types, dynamic fragmentation of morphological evolution, and dualistic coexistence of economic dynamics. There are two paths in the evolution of economic space in the urban-rural interface: one is led by top-down forces, showing the path of peri-urban agriculture-centralized large-scale industry-high-tech industry; the other is driven by bottom-up forces, showing the path of peri-urban agriculture-township industry in the early stage, and then different branches with regional differences in the later stage. Urbanization is the fundamental driving force for the economic space evolution of the urban-rural interface; technological factors are the core factors for this evolution; and the government, the market, and the society all play a key role in the change. Based on the above review, we proposed four directions for future research on the economic space of the urban-rural interface in terms of scale and regional differences, post-industrial characteristics, cross-border network characteristics, and governance guidance.

Family constraints on individuals are an important topic in behavioral research in China and internationally, yet large-scale data and effect measurements are lacking. Based on existing studies, this research proposed a family constraint index on commuting distance (hereafter referred to as the constraint index) to quantitatively measure the effect of family constraints on individual members' commuting distance. Taking the Wuhan Metropolitan Development Area as an example, the June, 2019 Unicom cell phone signaling data were used to identify the family samples through the social network model, calculate the constraint index of the family on members of different ages, genders, and single-multiple workers, and quantitatively analyze the effect of family constraints on individual commuting behaviors. The study found that, first, the family has obvious constraints on the commuting distance of both male and female members, and the constraints of females are all positive, that is, the commuting distance is smaller for females with family constrains than those with no family constraints, whereas the constraint of males in multi-employee families are mostly negative, that is, the commuting distance for males with family constrains is greater than those with no family constraints. So women are generally more constrained by their families than men, and men in multi-worker households are the least constrained. The constraint index of females in single-worker households increases with age, and gradually converges with that of females in multi-worker households, while the constraint index of males in multi-worker households is stable at around 0.03. The proposed method based on big data expands the approaches for the study of commuting behavior with family members as the target, and provides references for various theoretical studies on family constraints, as well as the refined modeling of family influences on individual behaviors.

In view of the fact that there is no systematic summary of recent studies on the history of geography in China except in some selected fields, based on a literature review and the change of thoughts in research on the history of science, this study examined the major progress of recent research on the history of geography and related works in China, and discussed the issues that deserve further attention in the future. The literature review found that: 1) The history of geography is an independent academic field in Chinese geography, characterized by fruitful research results, wide field coverage, and stable research groups. 2) The system of the field has been tentatively constructed, forming a research system that covers disciplinary history, intellectual history, social history, and research on compiling history, which largely corresponds to the research field of the history of science. 3) There are many thoughts in the study of the history of geography, which largely aligns with the main trends of contemporary history of science. However, due to insufficient reference to the new trends in the history of science such as the social history of knowledge, contextualism, conceptual history, and reading history, there are only few research achievements under the recent trends of geographical thoughts. 4) The spatial scope, subfields, and subjects of the research objects are different, mainly reflected in the focus on the study of the history of Chinese geography, and studies on the history of cartography and modern historical geography in China, famous geographical research institutions, societies, and scholars in contemporary China have made fruitful achievements. In contrast, the corresponding research on other spatial scopes, sub-areas, and subjects is weaker. 5) Specialized research on the history of Chinese geography has focused on the ancient period, with a gradual emergence of the modern period, and modern and contemporary research is mainly a review of progress and a synthesis of the literature. The main issues worthy of attention in future research include: 1) Focusing on weak areas of research, and presenting a more comprehensive development trajectory of Chinese geography, especially the disciplinary history in the last hundred years. 2) Strengthening the reference to the trends of the social history of knowledge, contextualism, conceptual history, and reading history, and paying more attention to research on the history of geography under modern and contemporary geographical thoughts. 3) Paying attention to the interpretation of the social value of the history of modern and contemporary Chinese geography and expanding the societal cognition of geography. 4) Emphasizing dialogue with international research and enhancing the international discourse of research on the history of Chinese geography.

Households are a key carrier for urban spatial reconfiguration and socioeconomic transition, and also a crucial intermediate level between the individual, the community, and the city. Existing studies have recognized the importance of research on spatial-temporal behavior from the perspective of households, but they usually take the characteristics and division of responsibilities of households as background and explanatory factors. The interactions and connections between household members are rarely considered, and the complexity of intra-household behavioral interactions of various households and different types of behavior is not well understood. This research focused on household and intra-household behavioral interactions. First, it created a time-space-society framework to measure behavioral interactions in three dimensions, that is, temporal interaction, spatial interaction, and social relationship interactions, and refined the patterns of intra-household behavioral interactions. Second, it revealed the mechanisms of influence and effects of intra-household behavioral interactions, taking China's socioeconomic background into account. Finally, aiming to improve the quality of life of household members, it proposed an optimization scheme of living space with the household-friendly orientation. The research contributes to reintroducing the household level in urban research based on spatial-temporal behavior, and promoting behavioral geography research to emphasizing individuals' interactions. It also provides new ideas for examining social issues such as fertility, as well as child and elderly care, offering a scientific reference for the optimization of community life circle and urban space, and promote household-friendly urban planning and social governance.