青藏高原东部黄河切开若尔盖湖盆的沉积证据与年代研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.08.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Through extensive and detailed field investigation inside and outside the Zoige Basin in eastern Tibet Plateau, a typical sedimentary profile containing the stratigraphic sequence of paleolake facies and paleo-riverbed floodplain facies was found in the front of the second terrace of the Yellow River in the Maqu section at the outlet of the Zoige Basin. Through grain size characteristic analysis and Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL) dating, we found that: 1) The pale-blue-grey paleolake sedimentary layer in the profile indicates that the lacustrine sediment formed in the deep-water anoxic environment, while the mottled pebble layer covered by the pale-yellow-orange lenticular sand layer was a typical fluvial floodplain sediment, which indicates the process of strong dynamic flow. The unconformable contact relationship between the two layers indicates that the profile is a typical sedimentary evidence for studying the Zoige Basin dissected by the Yellow River. 2) The OSL dating results of the top boundary of the pale-blue-gray paleolake sedimentary layer and the bottom boundary of the paleoshore-shallow lake sedimentary layer show that the Yellow River dissected the Zoige Basin at 37 ka BP, resulting in the leakage of lake water. At 35 ka BP, the lake water became shallow and disappeared, and then the Yellow River connected the water system of the Zoige Basin. 3) The strong neotectonic movement of the East Kunlun fault in late Pleistocene and the warm and humid climate of the Tibet Plateau in 37 ka resulted in the aggravation of the headward erosion of the paleo-Yellow River source in the rift valley grassland, and the Zoige Basin was dissected by the paleo-Yellow River from the west to the east in the Maqu bottleneck reach, resulting in the discharge of the paleolake water through the Yellow River, thus connecting the water system of the Zoige Basin and making it the source of the Yellow River. The study results have important scientific significance for an in-depth understanding of the evolution of river-lake water system and the formation of Yellow River water system in northeastern Tibet Plateau.

Key words: sedimentary evidence, OSL dating, headward erosion, Yellow River, Zoige Basin

WANG Na, ZHA Xiaochun, HUANG Chunchang, ZHANG Yuzhu, ZHOU Yali, PANG Jiangli, RONG Xiaoqing, SHANG Ruiqing, CHAI Jianan. Sedimentary evidence and age of the Zoige Basin dissected by the Yellow River in eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(8): 1453-1466.

Figures/Tables 8

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地层编号	地层层位	黏粒 (<2 μm)/%	细粉沙 (2~16 μm)/%	粗粉沙 (16~63 μm)/%	沙 (>63 μm)/%	平均粒径 Mz/μm	标准偏差	峰度	偏度
OQC-1	现代草甸土层	8.99	31.41	35.90	23.70	38.27	2.19	0.93	0.25
OQC-2	古土壤层	10.80	26.20	34.30	28.70	44.05	2.35	0.93	0.34
OQC-3	风成沙层	5.27	12.01	14.00	68.72	95.05	1.96	1.61	0.66
OQC-4	古河床河漫滩相沉积层	2.41	6.37	3.51	87.71	272.57	1.38	3.29	0.46
OQC-5	古滨浅湖相沉积层	12.40	36.65	38.05	12.90	25.62	2.16	0.96	0.25
OQC-6	古深湖相沉积层	18.50	53.30	24.00	4.20	12.92	2.02	0.98	0.05
OQC-7	古滨浅湖相沉积层	10.90	25.70	41.50	21.90	36.18	2.21	1.01	0.40

样品编号	深度 /cm	地层层位	U /10^-6	Th /10^-6	K /%	含水量 /%	环境剂量率 /(Gy·ka^-1)	等效剂量 /Gy	OSL年龄 /ka
OSL-1	75~80	现代草甸土层底部	1.29±0.3	8.07±0.6	1.72±0.04	20±3	2.45±0.08	6.81±0.14	2.79±0.10
OSL-2	155~160	古土壤层底部	1.51±0.3	8.74±0.6	1.57±0.04	20±3	2.37±0.07	20.35±0.68	8.59±0.39
OSL-3	165~170	风成沙层顶部	1.42±0.3	8.94±0.6	1.54±0.04	21±3	2.31±0.07	19.68±0.43	8.60±0.38
OSL-4	545~550	风成沙层底部	1.43±0.3	8.14±0.6	1.58±0.04	21±3	2.20±0.07	20.29±0.32	9.24±0.32
OSL-5	645~650	古河床河漫滩相沉积层上部	1.01±0.3	5.82±0.6	1.47±0.04	22±3	1.86±0.06	24.57±0.92	13.20±0.67
OSL-6	895~900	古河床河漫滩相沉积层下部	1.73±0.3	9.45±0.6	1.81±0.04	22±3	2.44±0.07	81.25±0.96	33.35±1.06
OSL-7	955~960	古滨浅湖相沉积层顶部	3.35±0.4	11.23±0.7	1.64±0.04	23±3	2.67±0.08	94.00±5.41	35.15±2.30
OSL-8	990~995	古滨浅湖相沉积层底部	1.86±0.4	10.99±0.7	1.75±0.04	25±3	2.42±0.08	85.77±4.64	35.42±2.40
OSL-9	1005~1010	古深湖相沉积层顶部	2.37±0.4	14.99±0.7	2.43±0.04	25±3	3.30±0.09	122.64±9.39	37.17±3.03
OSL-10	1045~1150	古深湖相沉积层底部	2.15±0.4	10.71±0.7	1.97±0.04	25±3	2.65±0.08	105.97±6.56	40.01±2.77
OSL-11	1110~1115	古滨浅湖相沉积层顶部	1.41±0.3	9.22±0.6	1.67±0.04	25±3	2.17±0.07	100.27±7.40	46.29±3.70

Sedimentary evidence and age of the Zoige Basin dissected by the Yellow River in eastern Tibetan Plateau

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[3]	WANG Haoyu, JIA Yana, ZHANG Yuzhu, WANG Ninglian, LUO Pingping, QIU Haijun, Ayidina SAILEBIEKE, XIAO Qili, CHEN Dou. Research progress of paleoflood events in the Yellow River Basin since the Last Deglaciation [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(7): 1220-1234.
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[6]	Zhilei WU, Fenggui LIU, Yili ZHANG, Qiong CHEN, Qiang ZHOU, Dengxing YANG. Forest and grassland coverage change in the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Qing Dynasty [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(6): 768-778.
[7]	Chenguang LIU, Jiajun QIAO. Rural economic differentiation and spatial change in the Yellow River Basin [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(11): 1329-1339.
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[9]	Jing LUO, Qiong CHEN, Fenggui LIU, Yili ZHANG, Qiang ZHOU. Methods for reconstructing historical cropland spatial distribution of the Yellow River-Huangshui River valley in Tibetan Plateau [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(2): 207-.
[10]	CHU Lin, HUANG Chong, LIU Gaohuan, LIU Qingsheng. Changes in ecological patterns of Maqu alpine wetland in Yellow River Source Area during 2000-2010 [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(3): 326-335.
[11]	WANG Xi, QIN Yaochen, LU Fengxian, ZHANG Dai, JIANG Xiangya. Temporal and spatial differences in the level of low carbon economic development among the provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(4): 505-513.
[12]	OU Xianjiao, ZHANG Biao, LAI Zhongping, ZHOU Shangzhe, ZENG Lanhua. OSL dating study on the glacial evolutions during the Last Glaciation at Dangzi Valley in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(2): 262-269.
[13]	SHI Changxing, SHAO Wenwei, FAN Xiaoli, ZHOU Yuanyuan, HE Li. A Study on Characteristics and Sediment Rating Curves of Floods in the Inner Mongolian Reach of the Yellow River [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2012, 31(9): 1124-1132.
[14]	LIU Caihong, YANGYanhua, WANG Zhenyu. Impacts of Climate Change on the Summer Flow and Estimates of the Future Trends in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2012, 31(7): 846-852.
[15]	LI Zhaoguo, Lü Shihua, AO Yinhuan, WANG Shaoying. Analysis of Micrometeorology and CO₂ Flux Characteristics over Lake Ngoring Lakeside Region in Summer [J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2012, 31(5): 602-608.