乡村旅游融合性测度及其影响因素研究——以大别山区潜山市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.04.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Integrated rural tourism aims at realizing the sustainable development of rural areas, and improving the integration of rural tourism is of far-reaching significance for rural revitalization and sustainable tourism. Based on the Western framework of integrated rural tourism research and combined with existing research and the development of rural areas in China, this study constructed a rural tourism integration evaluation indicator system composed of 29 indicators covering 6 dimensions of network, scale, empowerment, endogeneity, embeddedness, and complementarity. Using the ArcGIS spatial visualization tool, geographically weighted regression analysis, and geographical detectors, this study analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural tourism integration level and influencing factors in Qianshan City of the Dabie Mountains. The results show that: 1) There are obvious spatial differences in the level of rural tourism integration in Qianshan City. The level of rural tourism integration in the southern part of the city is significantly higher than that in the northern part. There is great potential for the improvement of rural tourism integration in the sample villages. 2) The development of rural tourism is weakly linked to the "beautiful countryside" program, and the phenomenon of "beautiful hollow villages" is a key barrier to enhancing rural tourism integration in the city. 3) Tourism development stage, resource support type, and rural economic development level are the dominant factors that influence the spatial differentiation of the level of rural tourism integration in Qianshan City. Interactions between the influencing factors enhance the spatial differentiation of rural tourism integration. Integrated rural tourism is a tourism development model that realizes value co-creation and comprehensive benefits. The results of this research may provide some theoretical guidance and practical reference for the high-quality development of rural tourism, and promote the improvement and development of integrated rural tourism theory.

Key words: rural tourism, integrated rural tourism, integration, rural revitalization, Qianshan City

ZHANG Chunyan, ZI Minggui, ZHOU Meng, LUO Jing. Measurement of rural tourism integration and influencing factors: A case study of Qianshan City in the Dabie Mountains[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(4): 595-608.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Tab.1

Measurement and evaluation indicator system of rural tourism integration

维度	具体指标	指标阐释	权重/%	指标编号	性质
网络	村委与旅游企业合作居民与旅游企业合作村委间合作居民间合作旅游企业间合作乡村旅游会议频率	反映村委与企业间合作发展旅游的能力反映居民与企业间合作发展旅游的能力反映本村与他村之间合作发展旅游的能力反映居民之间合作发展旅游的能力反映旅游企业之间合作发展旅游的能力反映村干部间发展旅游的关系联结	2.252 2.207 2.116 2.241 2.072 1.896	x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄ x₅ x₆	+ + + + + +
规模	旅游建设用地(km²) 生态保护用地(km²) 年旅游接待人次(人/a) 年旅游总收入(万元) 单日可接待人数(人) 接待床位数量(张) 乡村旅游业就业人数(人)	反映用于旅游发展的土地面积反映乡村旅游用地扩展受到限制反映乡村旅游发展规模反映乡村旅游收益能力反映乡村旅游服务接待能力反映乡村接待过夜游客的能力反映乡村旅游人力资源水平	2.282 2.336 2.468 2.533 2.669 2.739 3.005	x₇ x₈ x₉ x₁₀ x₁₁ x₁₂ x₁₃	+ – + + + + +
赋权	年人均旅游收入(元/人) 旅游组织(合作社、旅行社)数量(个) 旅游技能培训次数(次) 参与旅游决策(次)	反映居民个体在乡村旅游中的经济受益反映社区整体在乡村旅游中的社会受益反映居民个体在乡村旅游中的心理受益反映旅游参与主体在乡村旅游中的政治受益	1.885 1.851 1.772 1.807	x₁₄ x₁₅ x₁₆ x₁₇	+ + + +
内生性	旅游就业人数本村村民占比(%) 自主经营旅游企业(农家乐、酒店等)数量(个) A级景区数量(个)	反映本地居民旅游参与水平反映本地居民自主经营能力反映当地旅游资源禀赋	7.281 7.209 7.171	x₁₈ x₁₉ x₂₀	+ + +
嵌入性	旅游影响居民生活旅游影响地方经济旅游影响地方文化旅游影响生态环境旅游影响地方形象旅游发展相关制度	反映居民对旅游发展改变生活程度的感知反映居民对旅游发展给当地带来经济效益的感知反映居民对旅游发展给当地带来文化效益的感知反映居民对旅游发展给当地带来生态环境效益的感知反映旅游发展宣传推广地方形象的能力旅游发展相关制度可以减少旅游环境的不确定性	6.430 6.223 5.970 5.704 5.437 4.855	x₂₁ x₂₂ x₂₃ x₂₄ x₂₅ x₂₆	+ + + + + +
互补性	游客向居民分享生活游客参与地方居民生活旅游设施便利居民生活	游客向居民分享自身的生活与文化等游客在旅游过程中参与本地居民的日常生产、生活旅游发展提供的资源和设施利于居民生产、生活	1.892 1.899 1.798	x₂₇ x₂₈ x₂₉	+ + +

Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.3

Fig.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Fig.5

Tab.7

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村庄类型	样本量	乡村旅游融合性综合得分	网络维度得分	规模维度得分	赋权维度得分	内生性维度得分	嵌入性维度得分	互补性维度得分
美丽乡村	15	32.105	4.688	3.899	2.235	6.475	12.306	2.502
非美丽乡村	20	23.539	3.690	2.827	1.600	4.446	9.159	1.817
差值	—	8.566	0.998	1.072	0.635	2.029	3.147	0.685

自变量	变量分类及赋值
X₁ 地形地貌	平原为主=1,丘陵为主=2,山地为主=3
X₂ 旅游开发时段	初始期=1,发展期=2,成熟期=3
X₃ 资源依托类型	交通廊道、优势产业=1,旅游资源=2
X₄ 经济发展水平	低水平=1,中等水平=2,高水平=3
X₅ 是否美丽乡村	非美丽乡村=1,美丽乡村=2

变量		OLS				GWR
因变量	自变量	t值	P值	AICc	R²	平均值	最大值	最小值	中位值	AICc	R²
乡村旅游融合性综合得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	6.58	<0.001	274.73	0.73	18.181	18.185	18.177	18.181	274.74	0.73
	X₃ 资源依托类型	2.10	0.044			9.787	9.806	9.770	9.786
	X₄ 经济发展水平	2.13	0.041			6.232	6.244	6.219	6.233
网络维度得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	3.43	0.001	172.79	0.37	2.206	2.207	2.205	2.206	172.79	0.37
规模维度得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	2.47	0.019	176.91	0.31	1.693	1.693	1.692	1.693	176.91	0.31
赋权维度得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	3.59	0.001	114.03	0.51	1.013	1.016	1.007	1.014	114.15	0.47
赋权维度得分	X₄ 经济发展水平	2.13	0.041	114.03	0.51	0.638	0.681	0.610	0.637	114.15	0.47
内生性维度得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	2.08	0.046	210.49	0.26	2.298	2.300	2.297	2.299	210.48	0.26
嵌入性维度得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	3.13	0.004	236.28	0.37	4.995	4.997	4.993	4.995	236.28	0.37
互补性维度得分	X₂ 旅游开发时段	2.94	0.006	118.36	0.34	0.870	0.871	0.870	0.870	118.36	0.33

因变量	交互项	作用类型	因变量	交互项	作用类型	因变量	交互项	作用类型
乡村旅游融合性	X₁∩X₂	BF	内生性维度得分	X₂∩X₃	BF	网络维度得分	X₃∩X₅	BF
综合得分	X₁∩X₃	NL		X₂∩X₄	NL	网络维度得分	X₄∩X₅	NL
	X₁∩X₄	NL		X₂∩X₅	BF	赋权维度得分	X₁∩X₂	BF
	X₁∩X₅	NL		X₃∩X₄	NL		X₁∩X₃	NL
	X₂∩X₃	BF		X₃∩X₅	NL		X₁∩X₄	NL
	X₂∩X₄	NL		X₄∩X₅	NL		X₁∩X₅	NL
	X₂∩X₅	BF	互补性维度得分	X₁∩X₂	NL		X₂∩X₃	BF
	X₃∩X₄	NL		X₁∩X₃	NL		X₂∩X₄	NL
	X₃∩X₅	BF		X₁∩X₄	NL		X₂∩X₅	NL
	X₄∩X₅	BF		X₁∩X₅	NL		X₃∩X₄	NL
规模维度得分	X₁∩X₂	BF		X₂∩X₃	BF		X₃∩X₅	BF
	X₁∩X₃	BF		X₂∩X₄	NL		X₄∩X₅	NL
	X₁∩X₄	NL		X₂∩X₅	NL	嵌入性维度得分	X₁∩X₂	NL
	X₁∩X₅	NL		X₃∩X₄	NL		X₁∩X₃	NL
	X₂∩X₃	BF		X₃∩X₅	BF		X₁∩X₄	NL
	X₂∩X₄	NL		X₄∩X₅	BF		X₁∩X₅	NL
	X₂∩X₅	BF	网络维度得分	X₁∩X₂	NL		X₂∩X₃	BF
	X₃∩X₄	BL		X₁∩X₃	NL		X₂∩X₄	NL
	X₃∩X₅	BF		X₁∩X₄	NL		X₂∩X₅	NL
	X₄∩X₅	NL		X₁∩X₅	NL		X₃∩X₄	NL
内生性维度得分	X₁∩X₂	NL		X₂∩X₃	BF		X₃∩X₅	BF
	X₁∩X₃	NL		X₂∩X₄	NL		X₄∩X₅	BF
	X₁∩X₄	NL		X₂∩X₅	NL
	X₁∩X₅	NL		X₃∩X₄	BF

Measurement of rural tourism integration and influencing factors: A case study of Qianshan City in the Dabie Mountains

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