公共艺术介入乡村建设失效过程分析及影响机制研究——以云南省元阳阿者科村“哈尼娃”为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Art practice including public art is involved in rural construction to realize the reconstruction of new rural cultural landscape and spatial reconstruction, and to convey the desire for the inheritance and innovation of local culture. However, under the background of heated art intervention in the construction of art townships, few studies have examined the failed cases and the negative influencing factors and mechanism of impact in the construction of art townships. This study examined the public art case of Haniwa in Azheke Village, Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province, which is a sculptural visual art practice in rural construction. This article summarized the failure mechanism of public art involvement in rural construction through this case, and analyzed the local processes in the initial, operational, and post-operational stages. The study concluded that there is a misalignment of values between the "art world" constructed by art discourse and the "life world" constituted by everyday experience, with the former relying on the one-way cultivation of artists, making it difficult to form a "community" and lasting social effects in the short term. In the process of linking the two worlds, the variations and changes in the subjects of power, the actors involved, and the audience groups will all have an impact on the transformation of the value objectives of artistic practice. In villages with different levels of development, the artistic approach to rural construction faces the problem of operability, but more fundamentally, it encounters social structural problems, where a single artistic practice lacks the capacity to solve rural issues. A discussion on the factors and processes that influence failure is an important part of critical thinking about artistic approach to rural construction, and can help to inspire concrete future practices.

Key words: public art, rural construction, failure factors, Yuanyang County

YANG Xihao, WENG Shixiu. A case study of ineffective public art intervention in rural construction: Haniwa sculpture in Azheke Village, Yuanyang County[J].PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(2): 264-276.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 58

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比较项目		典型模式
比较项目	艺术导入型	艺术入驻型	艺术合作型
行动主导者	行政或资本主体	艺术家	艺术家、社区(公众)
发展优势	提升乡村面貌和整洁的环境,满足现代艺术审美,基建完备,生成新的文化艺术空间,较强的宣传作用	艺术家的社会影响力,吸引社会关注和引发旅游热点,艺术设计与活动	公众参与程度较高,承继并发展乡村文化,激发乡村发展活力,带动本土产业链条的提升
问题弊端	精英式艺术实践,形象工程,资源浪费	乡村社区群体的失语,艺术与在地文化的关系脆弱,理想的乌托邦,过度旅游商业化	利益分配不均衡,资本消耗,社会效应有待考量
已有案例	浙江省宁海县大郑村^[31]、贵州雨补鲁村改造计划^[2]	山西和顺许村计划^[32]、碧山计划^[33]	甘肃石节子美术馆^[34]、广东青田模式^[35]、福建屏南古村^[36]

项目	设计制作的起始阶段 (2016—2017年初)	运营阶段 (2017—2018年)	后运营阶段 (2018年至今)
权力主体	规划师主导,村民对地方性知识具有话语权,双方建立起主要对话的权力关系	规划师逐渐被运营团队更替,村民逐渐失去话语权,运营者和游客是新入场的权力主体	运营者为主导,村民失去话语权,反而成为游客凝视的对象
(参与)实践的行为	规划师主导整体性设计,采取就地取材用工,本土村民参与建设,参观艺术创作过程	语言、审美等问题使得规划师与普通村民的沟通互动减少;功利性的运营团队更替,本土村民的参与性活动较少	对作品失修,无论是对游客还是本土村民的公众影响力都日渐削弱,后期的村庄发展与之脱钩
受众群体	本土村民	本土村民外来群体(游客)	外来群体(游客)
艺术演变	公共艺术的创作	公共艺术的介入	艺术品的“孤立”
空间演变	公共艺术空间诞生于日常生活的公共空间中	公共艺术的互动空间与乡村生产生活空间叠加	艺术空间被孤立,生活空间被挤占,而公共空间被剥夺

A case study of ineffective public art intervention in rural construction: Haniwa sculpture in Azheke Village, Yuanyang County

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